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User:Scarletmarisol/French Swadesh lists

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

This showcases the evolution of French.

See also: Indo-European Swadesh lists

List

[edit]
№EnglishFrench
Français
edit (207)		Middle French
Françoys
edit (150)		Old French
François
edit (189)		Latin
Latina
edit (207)		Proto-Italic
edit (207)		Proto-Indo-European
edit (207)
1I (1sg)jeiejo, jeego*egō*éǵh₂
2you (2sg)tu*, vous*tututu*tū*túh, *te
3he, she, it (3sg)il*, elle*il, elleil, eleis*, ea*, id**is*ís, *íh₂, *íd
4we (1pl)nousnousnosnos*nōs*wéy
5you (2pl)vousvousvosvos*wōs*yū, *yú
6they (3pl)ils*, elles*ils, ellesils, elesei, ii*, eae*, ea*, iste*, ista**is*éyes
7thiscecicest, cestuicist, cestuiis, hic*, haec*, hoc**hek(e)*só, *séh₂, *tód
8thatcelacest, cestuicist, cestuiis, ille*, illa*, illud**esto*yós, *yéh₂, *yód
9hereicicicihic*hek(e)*ḱi
10therelàlalaillic, ibi*iðei*h₂en
11whoquiquiquiquis*, quae**kʷis, *kʷoi*kʷis (pron.), *kʷod (adj.)
12whatquoiquequequid*kʷis, *kʷoi*kʷis
13whereoùououubi*kʷāmdō*kʷesmi
14whenquandquandquantcum, quando*kʷuðei*kʷodéh₂
15howcommentcommentcomantquam, quomodo*kʷām*kʷónoh₁, *kʷéy, *kʷih₁
16notne pasnenenon, ne*nē*n̥-, *ne
17alltouttouttottotus, omnes*, omnia**opnis
18manybeaucoupmoultmoltmultus*, multi*, multae*, multa**moltos*monogʰo-
19somequelquesdesaliqui*, aliqua*, aliquod**partim*kaylo-, *solwo-
20fewpeupeupoipauci*, paucae*, pauca**paukos*peh₂w-
21otherautreaultreautre, altrealter*, altera*, alius*aljos*h₂élyos, *h₂el-nó-
22oneununununus*, una**oinos*(H)óynos, *(H)óykos, *(H)óywos, *sḗm
23twodeuxdeuxdeusduo*, duae**duō*dwóh₁; *dwó
24threetroistroystrois, treistres*trēs*tréyes
25fourquatrequatrequatrequattuor*kʷettwōr*kʷetwóres
26fivecinqcinccincquinque*kʷenkʷe*pénkʷe
27biggrandgrandgrantmagnus, grandis*magnos*méǵh₂s
28longlonglonglonclongus*dlongos*dl̥h₁gʰós
29widelargelatus, amplus, largus*stlātos*stelh₃ós
30thicképaisespésespéscreber, crassus, spissus*kartsus*bʰenǵʰ, *tégus
31heavylourdpesantgravis*gʷrawos*gʷréh₂us
32smallpetitpetitpetitparvus*pauros*mey-
33shortcourtcourtcortbrevis*, curtus**breɣʷis*mréǵʰus, *(s)ker-
34narrowétroitestroitestroit, estreitangustus, strictus**angostos*h₂enǵʰ-
35thinmincemeigremeigretenuis, subtilis, macer, gracilis*tenwis*ténh₂us
36womanfemmedame, damoiseledame, damoiselefemina, mulier*fēmanā*gʷḗn, *h₁esor-
37man (adult male)hommehommehomevir*wiros*h₂nḗr, *wiHrós
38man (human being)hommehommehomehomo*hemō*mon-, *ǵʰmṓ
39childenfantenfantenfantpuer, infans*puweros*ǵénh₁mn̥
40wifefemme, épousefemmefameuxor, mulier*uksōr*pótnih₂
41husbandmari, épouxmarimarimaritus*wiros, *nēr*wiHrós, *pótis
42mothermèremeremeremater*mātēr*méh₂tēr
43fatherpèrepereperepater*patēr*átta, *ph₂tḗr
44animalanimalbestebesteanimal*anamālis*dʰewsóm, *ǵʰwer-
45fishpoissonpoissonpoissonpiscis*piskis*dʰǵʰu-, *peysḱ-
46birdoiseauoiseloiselavis, aucellus*awis*h₂éwis
47dogchienchienchiencanis*kō*ḱwṓ
48lousepoupouilpedis, pediculus*pezdis*ḱ(o)nid-, *lewH-
49snakeserpentserpentserpentserpens, anguis*angʷis*h₂éngʷʰis, *(s)neh₁tr-
50wormververmvermis*wormis*wr̥mis
51treearbrearbrearbrearbor*arðōs*dóru*
52forestforêtforestforestsilva*selwā
53stickbâtonbastonbastonbaculum, palus*bakklom*ǵʰasto-
54fruitfruitfruictfruitfructus, frux*poomos
55seedgrainesemen*sēmən*séh₁mn̥
56leaffeuillefeuillefueillefolium*folyom*lewbʰ-, *bʰolh₃yom
57rootracineescorceradix*wrādīks*wréh₂ds
58bark (of a tree)écorcecortex*korteks*bʰérHǵos
59flowerfleurfleurflorflos*flōs*bʰleh₃-
60grassherbeherbeerbeherba*grāmen*koyno-
61ropecordefunis, restis, chorda*fuðnis*roypnós
62skinpeaupelpelcutis*pelnis*pel-, *twékos
63meatviandechaircharcaro*karō*mḗms, *krewh₂-
64bloodsangsangsancsanguis, cruor*sangwens*krewh₂-, *h₁ésh₂r̥
65boneososgreseos*os*h₂óst, *kost-
66fat (noun)graisseadeps, pinguamen, grassus*pinɣʷe*smérus
67eggœufoeufoefovum*ōwom*h₂ōwyóm
68horncornecornecornecornu*kornū*ḱr̥nom, *ḱerh₂(s), *ḱerh₂sr̥, *koru
69tailqueuecuecauda*kaudā*dewmbʰ-, *ul
70featherplumeplumeplumepenna, pluma*plow(k)smā*péth₂r̥
71haircheveuxcheveucheveucapillus, coma, pilus*kriznis*pulh₂-
72headtêteteste, chefchief, chefcaput*kaput*káput-, *gʰebʰelo-
73earoreilleaureilleoreilleauris*auzis*h₂ṓws
74eyeœiloeilueiloculus*okʷelos*h₃ókʷs
75noseneznésnésnasus, naris*nās*Hnéh₂s
76mouthbouchebouchebocheos*ōs*h₃éh₁os
77toothdentdentdentdens*dents*h₃dónts, *ǵómbʰos
78tongue (organ)languelanguelanguelingua*denɣwā*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s
79fingernailongleungleunguis*ungus*h₃negʰ-
80footpiedpiedpiépes*peds*pṓds
81legjambejambejambe, gambecrus*krūs*kónh₂m
82kneegenougenougenoilgenu*genū*ǵónu
83handmainmainmainmanus*manus*ǵʰésr̥, *mar-
84wingaileeleala*akslā*péth₂r̥
85bellyventreventreventre, vantreventer, abdomen*wendtris*úderos
86gutsentrailles, intestinsentrailleviscera, chorda*laktis*eh₁ter-
87neckcoucolcolcollum, cervix, nucha**kʷolzom*mon-
88backdosdosdosdorsum, tergum*dorsom
89breastsein, poitrinepeitrinepectus, mamma, sinus*pektos*peg-, *pstḗn
90heartcœurcoeurcuercor*kord*ḱḗr*
91liverfoiefoieiecur*jekʷor*Hyékʷr̥
92to drinkboireboireboivrebibo*pibō*píph₃eti, *h₁egʷʰ-
93to eatmangermangermangieredo*manðō*h₁ed-
94to bitemordremordremordremordeo*mordeō*denḱ-, *h₁ed-
95to sucksucersucersugo*sowgō*dʰeh₁(y)-
96to spitcracherescupirspuo*spujō*sp(y)ew-
97to vomitvomirvomirvomo*wemō*wemh₁-, *h₁reug-
98to blowsoufflersoflerflo, sufflo, inflo*speizō*h₂weh₁-
99to breatherespirerrespirerrespirerrespiro*flaō*pnew-
100to laughrirerirerirerideo*reideō*(s)mey-
101to seevoirveoirveoir, veirvideo*widēō*derḱ-, *weyd-
102to hearentendreoïroiraudio*awizdjō*ḱlew-
103to knowsavoirsavoir, congnoistresavoir, conoistrescio*skijō*ǵneh₃-, *ǵnéh₃-sḱ-, *weyd-
104to thinkpenserpenserpensercogito, puto, existimo*rēōr*memóne, *teng-
105to smellsentirsentirolfacio*odō*h₃ed-
106to fearcraindrecreindre, redoubtertimeo*werēōr*h₂egʰ-
107to sleepdormirdormirdormirdormio*swepjō*swep-, *drem-
108to livevivrevivrevivrevivo*gʷīwō*gʷeyh₃-
109to diemourirmorirmorirmorior*morjōr*mer-, *dʰew-
110to killtueroccire, tuerocireneco, occido*nekō*gʷʰen-
111to fightse battrese battrebatre*luctor, pugno*pugnō*keh₃-
112to huntchasserchacerchaciervenor*weynor*weyh₁-, *sekʷh₃-
113to hitfrapperbattrebatrepello, pulso*ferjō*pleh₂k-
114to cutcoupercolpercoperseco, caedo*kaidō, *skindō*kr̥t-
115to splitfendrebrisierdivido, scindo*findō*skéydt, *skinédti
116to stabpoignarderpungo*pungō*dʰeygʷ-, *bʰod-
117to scratchgrattergraterscabo, rado*skaβō*gerbʰ-
118to digcreuserchaverfodio*fodjō*dʰeygʷ-
119to swimnagernoer, nagierno, nato*snāō*(s)neh₂-
120to flyvolervolervolo*gʷelajō*peth₂-, *gʷel-
121to walkmarcherse pasmerpasmer*ambulo*kezdō, *eō*gʰredʰ-
122to comevenirvenirvenirvenio*gʷenjō*gʷémt, *gʷm̥sḱéti, *gʷeh₂-
123to lie (as in a bed)s’étendre*gesirgesircubo, iaceo*jakēō*légʰyeti, *ḱéytor
124to sits’asseoir*seoirsedeo*sedēō*sédt, *sísdeti
125to standse lever*sto*staēō*stéh₂t, *stestóh₂e, *stísteh₂ti
126to turn (intransitive)tournerretornerretornerverto, gyro*wertō*wértti
127to falltomberchaircado*kadō*ḱh₂d-
128to givedonnerdonerdonerdo*didō*déh₃t, *dédeh₃ti
129to holdtenirtenirtenirteneo*haβēō*segʰ-
130to squeezeserrerprimo, exprimo, stringo*premō*pisd-, *werǵʰ-
131to rubfrotterfrico, tero*terō*melh₂-
132to washlaverlaverlaverlavo*lawaō*lewh₃-, *neygʷ-
133to wipeessuyertergeo*tergēō*h₃merǵ-
134to pulltirertirertrairetraho*traɣō*tragʰ-
135to pushpousserpello*worgēō
136to throwjeter, lanceriecterjeter, geteriacio*jakjō*swep-
137to tielierlierlierligo*leigāō
138to sewcoudrecosdresuo, consuo*sūō*syuh₁-
139to countcomptercontercomputo, numero*nomezō*dol-, *del-
140to saydiredirediredicio*deikō*sekʷ-, *wéwket
141to singchanterchanterchanter, cantercano*kanō*kan-
142to playjoueriouerjoerludo*loidō
143to floatflotterfloterfloterfluctuo, fluito*flowitō*plew-
144to flowcoulerfluo*flūō*plew-
145to freezegelergelergelo*frīgēō, *gelō*gel-
146to swellgonflerenfleraugeo, tumeo*tumēō*tewh₂-
147sunsoleilsoleilsoleilsol*swōl*sóh₂wl̥
148moonluneluneluneluna*louksnā*mḗh₁n̥s, *lówksneh₂
149starétoileestoileestoilestella*stērolā*h₂stḗr
150watereaueauiaueaqua*akʷā*h₂ekʷeh₂, *h₂ep-, *wódr̥
151rainpluiepluiepluvia*plowjā*h₂ekmon
152riverrivièreriviere, fleuveriviere, flueveflumen, fluvius, amnis*flowmən*h₂ékʷeh₂
153lakelaclaclaclacus*lakus*h₂ep-
154seamermermermare*mari*móri
155saltselselsal*sāls*séh₂ls
156stonepierrepierrepierresaxum, lapis, petra*lapis*h₂éḱmō
157sandsablesablonharena*sabolom*sámh₂dʰos
158dustpoussièrepousierepulvis*polwis*pers-
159earthterreterreterrehumus, terra, ager*terzā*dʰéǵʰōm
160cloudnuagenubes, nebula*nouðetis*nébʰos
161fogbrouillardbrumecaligo, nebula, tenebrae*neβelā*snewdʰ-
162skycielcielcielcaelum*kailom*dyḗws
163windventventventventus*wentos*ḱewero-, *h₂wéh₁n̥ts
164snowneigenoifnix*sniks*snóygʷʰos
165iceglaceglaceglacies, gelu*gelus*yeǵ-
166smokefuméefumfumfumus*fūmos*dʰuh₂mós
167firefeufeufuignis*əngʷnis*h₁eh₂ter-, *h₁n̥gʷnis, *péh₂wr̥
168ashcendrecinis*kenis*h₃és-no-, *h₃és-i-
169to burnbrûlerardre, ardoir, bruslerardoiruro, flammo*ouzō*dʰegʷʰ-, *swel-, *h₁ews-
170roadroutechemin, voie, routechemin, voie, rotevia, strata*wijā*pónth₁s
171mountainmontagnemontaignemontaignemons*monts*men-, *bʰerǵʰ-
172redrougerougerogeruber, vermiculus, rufus*ruðros*h₁rewdʰós
173greenvertvertvertviridis*weyziðis*ǵʰelh₃-, *gʰreh₁-
174yellowjaunejaunecroceus, flavus, galbinus*flāwos*ǵʰelh₃-
175whiteblancblancblancalbus, candidus*alβos*h₂elbʰós
176blacknoirnoirnoirater, niger*niɣros*swordós, *h₂ems-, *kr̥snós
177nightnuitnuictnuitnox*noks*nókʷts
178dayjouriourjordies*djous*h₂eǵh-, *dei-n-
179yearan, annéeananannus*wetos*yeh₁-, *wétos
180warmchaudchaudchautcalidus*kaliðos*tep-, *gʷʰer-
181coldfroidfroidfroitfrigidus*frīgos*gel-
182fullpleinplainplainplenus*plēnos*pl̥h₁nós
183newnouveau, neufnovelnovelnovus*nowos*néwos
184oldvieuxancienviel, anciienvetus*senos*sénos
185goodbonbonbonbonus*dwenos*bʰed-, *h₁su-, *h₁wésus
186badmauvaismaulvaismalvaismalus*malos*h₂wap-, *dus-
187rottenpourriputridus*pūtos*pu-
188dirtysalesalesordidus, immundus*swerdiðos*swerd-
189straightdroitdroit, dreitrectus*rektos*h₃reǵtós
190roundrondrondreondrotundus*rotontnos
191sharp (as a knife)tranchanttrenchantacer, acutus*akowtos*h₁edʰ-, *h₂ḱrós
192dull (as a knife)émousséhebes, retusus*heβes*dʰwel-
193smoothlisselevis, suavis*lēnis
194wetmouillémoilliéumidus, aqueus*wegmiðos*wed-
195drysecsecsecsiccus*seikkos*ters-
196correctjustebon, iustebon, justerectus, correctus*wēros*weh₁-
197nearprèspréspropinquus, proximus, iuxta*prokʷe*h₁opi, *h₁epi, *h₂énti
198farloinloingloingprocul, laxius, longus*prokol*wi
199rightdroitedestredestredexter*deksteros*deḱs-
200leftgauchesenestre, gauschesenestrelaevus, sinister*laiwos*leh₂ywós
201atàa, ada, adin, ad**ad*h₁epi, *opi, *h₂éd, *h₃ebʰi, *h₃bʰi
202indansenenin*en*h₁en, *h₁(e)ntér
203withavecavoec, avuecavoec, avueccum, apud**kom*ḱóm, *pe, *me
204andetetet, eet, -que*et*-kʷe, *de, *nu, *h₁é
205ifsisisi, sesi*sei
206becauseparce quecarquarquia, quoniam, quod*kʷod
207namenomnomnom, nunnomen*nomən*h₁nómn̥
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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