From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
This is a Swadesh list of words in Proto-Slavic English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ English Proto-Slavicslověnьskъ edit (207) 1 I (1sg )*(j)azъ *ja 2 you (2sg )*ty 3 he , she , it (3sg )*jь *ja *je *onъ *ona *ono 4 we (1pl )*my 5 you (2pl )*vy 6 they (3pl )*ji *ję *ja *oni *ony *ona 7 this *sь *sa *se 8 that *tъ *ta *to *onъ *ona *ono 9 here *sьde *tu 10 there *tamo *tu 11 who *kъto 12 what *čь *čьto 13 where *kъde 14 when *kogъda 15 how *jako *kako 16 not *ne 17 all *vьśь 18 many *mъnogъ adjective *mъnogo adverb 19 some *několiko 20 few *malъ 21 other *drugъ 22 one *(j)edinъ, *(j)edьnъ 23 two *dъva 24 three *trьje 25 four *četyre 26 five *pętь 27 big *golěmъ *velikъ 28 long *dьlgъ 29 wide *širokъ 30 thick *tъlstъ 31 heavy *tęžьkъ 32 small *drebьnъ *malъ *xudъ 33 short *kortъkъ 34 narrow *ǫzъkъ *těsnъ 35 thin *tьnъkъ 36 woman *žena 37 man (adult male)*mǫžь 38 man (human being)*čelověkъ 39 child *čędo *dětь *orbę 40 wife *žena 41 husband *mǫžь 42 mother *mati 43 father *baťa *otъ, *otьcь 44 animal *zvěrь 45 fish *ryba 46 bird *pъta *pъtica 47 dog *pьsъ 48 louse *vъšь 49 snake *ǫžь *zmьja 50 worm *čьrvь 51 tree *dervo 52 forest *lěsъ 53 stick *drьkolь *xlǫdъ *kyjь *palica *žьzlъ 54 fruit *ovoťe *plodъ 55 seed *sěmę 56 leaf *listъ 57 root *kory 58 bark (of a tree)*(s)kora 59 flower *květъ 60 grass *trava 61 rope *(v)ǫže *povorzъ 62 skin *koža 63 meat *męso 64 blood *kry 65 bone *kostь 66 fat (noun)*sadlo *skormъ *tukъ *tъlščь 67 egg *(j)aje *(j)ajьce 68 horn *rogъ 69 tail *xvostъ 70 feather *pero 71 hair *kosa *volsъ 72 head *golva 73 ear *uxo 74 eye *oko 75 nose *nosъ 76 mouth *usta 77 tooth *rъtъ *zǫbъ 78 tongue (organ)*(j)ęzykъ 79 fingernail *nogъtь 80 foot *noga *stopa 81 leg *korkъ *noga 82 knee *kolěno 83 hand *rǫka 84 wing *kridlo 85 belly *břuxo *červo 86 guts *ǫtroba 87 neck *kъrkъ *šija *vortъ 88 back *xrьbьtъ 89 breast *grǫdь *pьrsь 90 heart *sьrdьce 91 liver *ętro 92 to drink *piti 93 to eat *(j)ěsti 94 to bite *kǫsati 95 to suck *sъsati 96 to spit *pľьvati 97 to vomit *bľьvati 98 to blow *dǫti *duxati *dъmuxati *vějati for wind 99 to breathe *dyxati 100 to laugh *smьjati sę 101 to see *viděti *zьrěti 102 to hear *slyšati 103 to know *věděti *znati 104 to think *dumati *mysliti *mьněti 105 to smell *ǫxati *paxnǫti *voňati 106 to fear *bojati sę *straxovati 107 to sleep *sъpati 108 to live *žiti 109 to die *merti 110 to kill *ubiti 111 to fight *borti 112 to hunt *loviti 113 to hit *udariti 114 to cut *krojiti *rězati *tęti 115 to split *děliti *cěpiti 116 to stab *bosti *kolti 117 to scratch *drapati *draskati 118 to dig *kopati *ryti 119 to swim *pluti 120 to fly *letěti 121 to walk *xoditi 122 to come *jьti 123 to lie (as in a bed) *ležati state *leťi action 124 to sit *sěděti state *sěsti action 125 to stand *stojati state *stati action 126 to turn (intransitive) *vьrtěti 127 to fall *pasti 128 to give *dati 129 to hold *dьržati 130 to squeeze *tiskati *žęti 131 to rub *terti 132 to wash *myti 133 to wipe *brъsati *brysati 134 to pull *dьrpati *tęťi *vaditi 135 to push *butati *pьxati *rinǫti 136 to throw *kydati *mesti *metati *verťi 137 to tie *verzti, *vьrzati *vęzati 138 to sew *šiti 139 to count *čisti 140 to say *reťi *věťati 141 to sing *pěti 142 to play *jьgrati 143 to float *plavati *plyti 144 to flow *strujiti *teťi 145 to freeze *mьrzěti *mьrznǫti 146 to swell *bręknǫti *puxnǫti 147 sun *sъlnьce 148 moon *luna *měsęcь 149 star *gvězda 150 water *vapa as a body *voda as substance 151 rain *dъždžь 152 river *rěka 153 lake *ezero 154 sea *moře 155 salt *solь 156 stone *kamy *kamorъ 157 sand *pěsъkъ 158 dust *porxъ *pylь *pьrstь 159 earth *zemľa 160 cloud *obolkъ 161 fog *mьgla 162 sky *nebo 163 wind *větrъ 164 snow *sněgъ 165 ice *ledъ 166 smoke *dymъ *pušьkъ 167 fire *ogňь *vatra 168 ash *pepelъ *popelъ 169 to burn *gorěti *polěti *žeťi 170 road *cěsta *dorga *pǫtь *stьdza 171 mountain *gora 172 red *čьrvenъ *čьrmьnъ *rudъ *rъdrъ 173 green *zelenъ *grěnъ 174 yellow *žьltъ *solvъ of animals 175 white *bělъ *bronъ of animals 176 black *čьrnъ *vornъ of animals 177 night *noťь 178 day *dьnь 179 year *godъ *lěto 180 warm *teplъ *toplъ 181 cold *xoldьnъ *studenъ 182 full *pьlnъ 183 new *novъ 184 old *davьnъ for time *starъ *vetъxъ 185 good *dobrъ 186 bad *lošь *zъlъ 187 rotten *gňilъ 188 dirty *mьrsьnъ 189 straight *prostъ 190 round *krǫglъ 191 sharp (as a knife)*bridъkъ *ostrъ 192 dull (as a knife)*tǫpъ 193 smooth *gladъkъ 194 wet *mokrъ *volžьnъ *vьlgъkъ 195 dry *suxъ 196 correct *pravъ *věrьnъ 197 near *blizъkъ 198 far *dalekъ 199 right *desnъ *pravъ 200 left *lěvъ *šujь 201 at *po *pri *u 202 in *vъ(n) 203 with *sъ(n) 204 and *a *i 205 if *jako 206 because *bo 207 name *jьmę
Swadesh lists
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