Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/zьrěti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Cognate with Lithuanian žėrė́ti (“to shine, to sparkle”), 1sg. žẽriu, žėrúoti (“to glow, sparkle”), possibly also žiūrė́ti (“to look”).

• Per Derksen, further connections unclear.
• Chernykh (per Pokorny) reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerh₁-, and connects Proto-Germanic *grēwaz (“gray”).

Verb

*zьrěti impf

1. to observe, to look at

Inflection

Conjugation of *zьrěti, *zьrě, *zьritь (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*zьrěnьje	*zьrěti	*zьrětъ	*zьrělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*zьrěnъ	*zьrimъ
Active	*zьrěvъ	*zьrę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zьrěxъ	*zьrě	*zьrě	*zьřǫ	*zьriši	*zьritь
Dual	*zьrěxově	*zьrěsta	*zьrěste	*zьrivě	*zьrita	*zьrite
Plural	*zьrěxomъ	*zьrěste	*zьrěšę	*zьrimъ	*zьrite	*zьrętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zьrěaxъ	*zьrěaše	*zьrěaše	—	*zьri	*zьri
Dual	*zьrěaxově	*zьrěašeta	*zьrěašete	*zьrivě	*zьrita	—
Plural	*zьrěaxomъ	*zьrěašete	*zьrěaxǫ	*zьrimъ	*zьrite	—

Derived terms

• *zьriteľь (“viewer”)
• *zьrělišče (“spectacle”)
• *zьrkadlo, *zьrcadlo (“mirror, looking glass”)
• *prozorьcъ (“window”)

Related terms

• *zařà (“aurora, light spectacle”)
  • *ozariti, *ozařati (“to elluminate”)
  • *zaranь (“morning, dayspring”)
  • *zarьnica (“lightning”)
• *zořà, *zorà (“dawn, aurora”)
  • *zazoriti (“to dawn”)
  • *zorьnica (“morning star”)
• *zorъ (“sight”)
  • *nadъzorъ
  • *obzorъ
  • *pozorъ
  • *vъzorъ
  • *prozorъ
  • *prozrenьje (“insight”)
• *zorъkъ (“sharp-eyed”)
• *zȏrkъ (“sunbeam, glance, appearance”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: зьрѣти (zĭrěti)
    • Old Ruthenian: зрѣ́ти (zrě́ti)
      • Ukrainian: зрі́ти (zríty) (obsolete), здрі́ти (zdríty) (obsolete)
    • Russian: зреть (zretʹ) (archaic)
  • Old Novgorodian: ꙁьрѣти (zĭrěti)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: зьрѣти (zĭrěti)

    Glagolitic: ⰸⱐⱃⱑⱅⰹ (zĭrěti)

  • Bulgarian: зра (zra) (literary)
  • Macedonian: ѕирка (dzirka), ѕирне (dzirne), проѕирност (prodzirnost), ѕира (dzira)
  • Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete)

    Cyrillic script: зре̏ти

    Latin: zrȅti

  • Slovene: zréti (tonal orthography) (literary)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: zřieti
    • Czech: zřít (archaic)
  • Old Polish: źrzeć (“to look”)
  • Slovak: zrieť (obsolete or poetic)
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: zrjeć (obsolete)

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 552
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зреть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “зреть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 330

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-. Cognate with Sanskrit जरति (járati), जीर्यति (jī́ryati, “to become decrepit or rotten, to age”), जरन्त् (járant, “old”), Ancient Greek γραῦς (graûs, “old woman”), γέρων (gérōn, “old man, old”), γῆρας (gêras, “old age”), Old Armenian ծեր (cer, “old man, old”), Old Norse karl (“man, old man”), English churl.

Verb

*zьrěti impf

1. to ripen

Inflection

Conjugation of *zьrěti, *zьrě, *zьrějetь (impf., intr., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*zьrěnьje	*zьrěti	*zьrětъ	*zьrělъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	—	—
Active	*zьrěvъ	*zьrěję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zьrěxъ	*zьrě	*zьrě	*zьrějǫ	*zьrěješi	*zьrějetь
Dual	*zьrěxově	*zьrěsta	*zьrěste	*zьrějevě	*zьrějeta	*zьrějete
Plural	*zьrěxomъ	*zьrěste	*zьrěšę	*zьrějemъ	*zьrějete	*zьrějǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*zьrěaxъ	*zьrěaše	*zьrěaše	—	*zьrěji	*zьrěji
Dual	*zьrěaxově	*zьrěašeta	*zьrěašete	*zьrějivě	*zьrějita	—
Plural	*zьrěaxomъ	*zьrěašete	*zьrěaxǫ	*zьrějimъ	*zьrějite	—

Derived terms

• *zьrělъ (“ripe, mature”)

Related terms

• *zorìti (“to cause to ripen”)
• *zь̀rno (“grain”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: зьрѣлыи (zĭrělyi, “ripe”), съзьрѣти (sŭzĭrěti)
    • Russian: зреть (zretʹ), 1sg. зре́ю (zréju)
    • Ukrainian: зрі́ти (zríty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: зьрѣти (zĭrěti)

    Cyrillic: зьрѣлъ (zĭrělŭ, “ripe”)

    Glagolitic: [Term?]

  • Bulgarian: зре́я (zréja)
  • Macedonian: зрее (zree)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: зре̏ти, 1sg. зри̑м

    Latin: zrȅti, 1sg. zrȋm

  • Slovene: zrẹ́ti (tonal orthography), 1sg. zrẹ̑jem, zrẹ̑m (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: zrát, 1sg. zraji, zrám
  • Old Polish: źrzeć (“ripen”)
  • Slovak: zreť, zrieť
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: zrać
    • Lower Sorbian: zdrjaś

References

• Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 552
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “зреть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “зреть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 330