Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pľьvati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)pjāˀu-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ptyēw- (“to spit, vomit”) (often reconstructed as *(s)pyēw-). Cognate with Lithuanian spiáuti (“to spit”), Latvian spļaũt (“to split”), Proto-Germanic *spīwaną, Latin spuō (“spit”, verb), Ancient Greek πτύω (ptúō, “spit, vomit”), Old Armenian թուք (tʻukʻ), Sanskrit ष्ठीवति (ṣthī́vati).

Verb

*pľьvàti

1. to spit

Conjugation

Conjugation of *pľьvati, *pľьva, *pľujetь (?, -a/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*pľьvanьje	*pľьvati	*pľьvatъ	*pľьvalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*pľьvanъ	*pľujemъ
Active	*pľьvavъ	*pľuję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pľьvaxъ	*pľьva	*pľьva	*pľujǫ	*pľuješi	*pľujetь
Dual	*pľьvaxově	*pľьvasta	*pľьvaste	*pľujevě	*pľujeta	*pľujete
Plural	*pľьvaxomъ	*pľьvaste	*pľьvašę	*pľujemъ	*pľujete	*pľujǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*pľьvaaxъ	*pľьvaaše	*pľьvaaše	—	*pľuji	*pľuji
Dual	*pľьvaaxově	*pľьvaašeta	*pľьvaašete	*pľujivě	*pľujita	—
Plural	*pľьvaaxomъ	*pľьvaašete	*pľьvaaxǫ	*pľujimъ	*pľujite	—

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: пльвати (plĭvati)
    • Belarusian: плява́ць (pljavácʹ), плюва́ць (pljuvácʹ)
    • Russian: плева́ть (plevátʹ)
    • Ukrainian: плюва́ти (pljuváty)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: пл҄ьвати (plʹĭvati)
  • Bulgarian: плю́я (pljúja); плю́вам (pljúvam)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: пљу̏вати

    Latin: pljȕvati

  • Slovene: pljúvati (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: plivat; plvat
  • Kashubian: plwac
  • Old Polish: pluć, plwać
    • Polish: pluć
  • Slovak: pľuť
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: pluwaś
    • Upper Sorbian: pluwać

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “плева́ть”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 39
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “плюю́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress