Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tęťi

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tingtei , from Proto-Indo-European *tengʰ-. Akin to Lithuanian tìngti (“to become slow”) (3sg. tìngsta), tingė́ti (“to be lazy”) (3sg. tìngi), Old Norse þyngja (“burden”), Old High German dīhsala (“drawbar, shaft”), Old Norse þīsl (“drawbar, shaft”), and possibly Latin tēmō (“drawbar, shaft”)^{(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)} < *tenk-smō.

Attested mainly in telic sense, reflecting an ancient root aorist in the past tense and thematic root "imperfective" in present. Parallel to Proto-Slavic *tęgati, Proto-Slavic *tęgnǫti which convey atelic nuances.

Verb

*tęťi pf (imperfective *tęgati)

1. to pull, to stretch

Inflection

Conjugation of *tęťi, *tęže, *tęžetь (perf., -C-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*tęženьje	*tęťi	*tęťь	*tęglъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*tęženъ	—
Active	*tęgъ	—

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*tęg(ox)ъ	*tęže	*tęže	*tęgǫ	*tęžeši	*tęžetь
Dual	*tęg(ox)ově	*tęg(e/os)ta	*tęg(e/os)te	*tęževě	*tęžeta	*tęžete
Plural	*tęg(ox)omъ	*tęg(e/os)te	*tęgǫ, *tęgošę	*tęžemъ	*tęžete	*tęgǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	—	—	—	—	*tędzi	*tędzi
Dual	—	—	—	*tędzěvě	*tędzěta	—
Plural	—	—	—	*tędzěmъ	*tędzěte	—

Notes:
• Aorist *tęgeste ⇒ *tęžeste, ...
• In perfective verbs, present expresses future

Derived terms

• *tęgnǫti (“to pull”)
• *tęgati (“to pull, to extract”)
• *tęgъ, *tęga (“traction, weight”)
• *tęgota (“burden, suffering”)
• *tęgostь (“load, weight”)

Related terms

• *tędzati (“to pull, to extract”)
• *tęžьkъ (“heavy”)
• *tǭgà (“sadness”)
• *tǫgъ (“tight, solid, tough”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Ukrainian: тягти́ (tjahtý)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: растѧщи (rastęšti) (1p. растѧгѫ (rastęgǫ))
  • Bulgarian: тега́ (tegá) (obsolete, archaic)

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “тя́га”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 278
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “тя́га”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress