From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
This is a Swadesh list of words in Galician English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
No.
English
Galician
1
I
eu
2
you (singular)
ti vostede (formal)
3
he , she , it
el
4
we
nós
5
you (plural)
vós vostedes (formal)
6
they
eles
7
this
este
8
that
ese
9
here
aquí
10
there
alí
11
who
quen
12
what
que
13
where
onde u
14
when
cando
15
how
como
16
not
non
17
all
todo
18
many
moitos
19
some
algún
20
few
pouco
21
other
outro
22
one
un unha
23
two
dous dúas
24
three
tres
25
four
catro
26
five
cinco
27
big
grande
28
long
longo
29
wide
ancho largo
30
thick
groso
31
heavy
pesado
32
small
pequeno
33
short
curto
34
narrow
estreito
35
thin
delgado fraco
36
woman
muller
37
man (adult male)
home
38
man (human being)
home
39
child
neno meniño
40
wife
esposa muller dona
41
husband
esposo home marido
42
mother
nai mai
43
father
pai
44
animal
animal
45
fish
peixe
46
bird
paxaro ave
47
dog
can
48
louse
piollo
49
snake
serpe cobra cóbrega
50
worm
verme miñoca
51
tree
árbore
52
forest
monte bosque fraga
53
stick
pau vara
54
fruit
froito froita
55
seed
semente
56
leaf
folla
57
root
raíz
58
bark (of a tree)
casca cortiza tona
59
flower
flor frol
60
grass
herba
61
rope
corda
62
skin
pel coiro
63
meat
carne
64
blood
sangue
65
bone
óso
66
fat (noun)
graxa gordura
67
egg
ovo
68
horn
corno
69
tail
rabo cola
70
feather
pluma pena
71
hair
pelo cabelo
72
head
cabeza testa
73
ear
orella
74
eye
ollo
75
nose
nariz fuciño
76
mouth
boca
77
tooth
dente
78
tongue (organ)
lingua
79
fingernail
unlla
80
foot
pé
81
leg
perna
82
knee
xeonllo
83
hand
man mao
84
wing
á ala
85
belly
bandullo barriga
86
guts
tripas maga
87
neck
pescozo colo
88
back
lombo costas
89
breast
peito
90
heart
corazón cor
91
liver
fígado
92
to drink
beber trincar
93
to eat
comer
94
to bite
trabar morder
95
to suck
zugar chuchar
96
to spit
cuspir
97
to vomit
gomitar trousar
98
to blow
soprar zoar
99
to breathe
alentar respirar
100
to laugh
rir
101
to see
ver ollar
102
to hear
oír ouvir
103
to know
saber coñecer
104
to think
pensar coidar
105
to smell
cheirar arrecender
106
to fear
temer ter medo
107
to sleep
durmir durmiñar
108
to live
vivir
109
to die
morrer finar
110
to kill
matar
111
to fight
loitar pelexar
112
to hunt
cazar
113
to hit
bater
114
to cut
cortar
115
to split
partir
116
to stab
acoitelar chantar espetar
117
to scratch
rabuñar
118
to dig
cavar
119
to swim
nadar
120
to fly
voar
121
to walk
andar camiñar
122
to come
vir
123
to lie (as in a bed)
estar deitado deitar
124
to sit
sentar
125
to stand
erguer (action) , estar de pé (state)
126
to turn (intransitive)
virar tornar
127
to fall
caer cair
128
to give
dar
129
to hold
soster termar
130
to squeeze
apertar
131
to rub
fretar
132
to wash
lavar
133
to wipe
limpar
134
to pull
tirar turrar
135
to push
puxar empurrar
136
to throw
tirar botar
137
to tie
atar amarrar
138
to sew
coser
139
to count
contar
140
to say
dicir
141
to sing
cantar
142
to play
xogar
143
to float
frotar aboiar
144
to flow
fluír
145
to freeze
conxelar xear
146
to swell
inchar inzar
147
sun
sol
148
moon
lúa
149
star
estrela
150
water
auga
151
rain
chuvia choiva
152
river
río
153
lake
lago lagoa
154
sea
mar
155
salt
sal
156
stone
pedra croio
157
sand
area
158
dust
po poo
159
earth
terra
160
cloud
nube
161
fog
néboa brétema meira
162
sky
ceo
163
wind
vento
164
snow
neve
165
ice
xeo lazo
166
smoke
fume
167
fire
lume fogo
168
ash
cinza borralla
169
to burn
queimar
170
road
estrada
171
mountain
monte
172
red
vermello rubio
173
green
verde
174
yellow
amarelo
175
white
branco
176
black
negro preto
177
night
noite
178
day
día
179
year
ano
180
warm
quente
181
cold
frío
182
full
cheo
183
new
novo
184
old
vello
185
good
bo boo
186
bad
malo mao
187
rotten
podre
188
dirty
lixoso porco emporcallado
189
straight
recto
190
round
redondo
191
sharp (as a knife)
afiado aguzado
192
dull (as a knife)
romo mocho boto
193
smooth
suave lene
194
wet
mollado
195
dry
seco enxoito
196
correct
correcto
197
near
preto perto
198
far
lonxe
199
right
dereita
200
left
esquerda seestra
201
at
en a
202
in
en
203
with
con
204
and
e
205
if
se
206
because
porque
207
name
nome
When the words have various forms (verbs conjugation, gender and number agreement, declensions), the orthography is the following :
verbs : infinitive
other words : masculine, singular, nominative (subject) For specific cases (no infinitive, feminine name, plural name for instance), the simplest form is used.
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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