This is a Swadesh list of words in Latgalian English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
No.
English
Latgalian
1
I es aś
2
you (singular)
tu
3
he jis
4
we mes ḿaś
5
you jius
6
they jī
7
this šys itys
8
that tys
9
here ite te iťa
10
there tī
11
who kurs
12
what kas
13
where kur kimā
14
when kod
15
how kai
16
not nā
17
all vyss
18
many daudzi namoz
19
some nazcik kuri nakuri
20
few nadaudzeji
21
other cyts
22
one vīns
23
two div
24
three treis
25
four četri
26
five pīci
27
big lels
28
long gars ilgs
29
wide plots
30
thick bīzs
31
heavy gryuts
32
small mozs
33
short eiss
34
narrow šaurs
35
thin plans
36
woman sīvīts
37
man (adult| male)
veirīts
38
man (human being)
cilvāks
39
child bārns
40
wife sīva
41
husband veirs
42
mother muote
43
father tāvs
44
animal dzeivinīks žeivots
45
fish zivs
46
bird putnys
47
dog suņs
48
louse vuts
49
snake čyuska tuorps
50
worm tuorps tuorpeņš
51
tree kūks
52
forest mežs
53
stick (of wood)
vāza
54
fruit -
55
seed sākla
56
leaf lopa
57
root sakne
58
bark (of tree)
-
59
flower puče
60
grass zuole
61
rope vierve
62
skin (of a person)
uoda
63
meat (as in flesh)
gala
64
blood asnis
65
bone kauls
66
fat (noun)
tauki tuklums
67
egg ūla
68
horn rogs
69
tail aste
70
feather spolva
71
hair moti
72
head golva
73
ear auss
74
eye ocs
75
nose nuoss
76
mouth mute
77
tooth (rather not molar)
zūbs
78
tongue mēle
79
fingernail nogs
80
foot pāds
81
leg kuoja
82
knee ceļs
83
hand rūka
84
wing spuorns
85
belly vādars
86
guts vydspuse vydi
87
neck koklys reikle
88
back mugora
89
breast kryuts
90
heart sirds
91
liver oknys
92
to drink
dzert teļst
93
to eat
ēst
94
to bite
kūst
95
to suck
suļkt
96
to spit
-
97
to vomit
vemt
98
to blow (as wind)
pyust
99
to breathe
dvašuot pyustīs
100
to laugh
smītīs krēkt kecinēt
101
to see
redzēt
102
to hear
dzierdēt izdzierst
103
to know (a fact)
zynuot
104
to think
guoduot dūmuot
105
to smell
ūst smuorduot
106
to fear
beitīs beisteitīs
107
to sleep
gulēt
108
to live
dzeivuot
109
to die
miert paguļt
110
to kill
nūsist nuoveit nūnuoveit
111
to fight
ceikstētīs veiktīs atsaturēt
112
to hunt
medeit
113
to hit
sist laubt
114
to cut
grīzt
115
to split
padaleit sadaleit
116
to stab (or stick)
dūrt dūrsteit
117
to scratch (an itch)
-
118
to dig
rakt best
119
to swim
maut
120
to fly
skraideit laistīs
121
to walk
īt
122
to come
atīt īt
123
to lie (as in a bed)
guļtīs (action) , gulēt
124
to sit
sēdēt
125
to stand
stuotīs stuot (action)
126
to turn (intransitive)
apsagrīzt
127
to fall
krist
128
to give
dūt
129
to hold
turēt
130
to squeeze
mīgt spīst
131
to rub
treit bruozuot
132
to wash
mozguot
133
to wipe
slauceit
134
to pull
viļkt
135
to push
stoßen
136
to throw
svīst
137
to tie
sīt
138
to sew
šyut
139
to count
skaiteit
140
to say
saceit runuot
141
to sing
dzīduot
142
to play
kaitavuot
143
to float
mauduot
144
to flow
tecēt skrīt
145
to freeze
saļt
146
to swell
satyukšt
147
sun saule
148
moon mienesnīks
149
star zvaigzne
150
water iudiņs
151
rain leits
152
river upe
153
lake azars
154
sea jiura
155
salt suoļs
156
stone akmiņs
157
sand smiļkts
158
dust puteklis
159
earth zeme
160
cloud muokuļs
161
fog mygla
162
sky dabasi
163
wind viejs
164
snow snīgs
165
ice lads
166
smoke dyumi
167
fire guņs
168
ash palni
169
to burn
degt
170
road ceļš
171
mountain kolns
172
red sorkons raudons
173
green zaļs
174
yellow dzaltons voskons
175
white bolts boltons
176
black malns
177
night nakts
178
day (daytime)
dīna
179
year gods
180
warm sylts
181
cold solts
182
full pylns
183
new jauns
184
old vacs senejais
185
good lobs
186
bad nalobs
187
rotten -
188
dirty nateirs
189
straight taysnis
190
round opols
191
sharp (as a knife)
oss
192
dull (as a knife)
neoss
193
smooth gluds leidzons
194
wet volgons slapnis
195
dry sauss
196
correct pareizs taisneigs
197
near tyvs tiveims
198
far toleims
199
right (side)
lobais pa lobai
200
left (side)
kairais kairuo puse
201
at pi
202
in vyd
203
with ar
204
and i
205
if ka kod
206
because kam partū ka deļtuo ka
207
name vuords
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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