ceļš

See also: cels, cèls, and cēls

Latgalian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic [Term?]. Cognates include Latvian ceļš and Lithuanian kelias.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈt͡sʲɛ̀lʲʃ]
Hyphenation: ceļš

Noun

ceļš m (diminutive celeņš)

road, way

Declension

Declension of **ceļš** (type 1 noun)
	singular	plural
nominative	ceļš	celi
genitive	ceļa	ceļu
dative	ceļam	celim
accusative	ceļu	ceļus
instrumental	ceļu	celim
locative	ceļā	ceļūs
vocative	ceļ	celi

Declension of **ceļš** (type 2 noun)
	singular	plural
nominative	ceļš	celi
genitive	ceļa	ceļu
dative	ceļam	celim
accusative	celi	ceļus
instrumental	celi	celim
locative	celī	ceļūs
vocative	ceļ	celi

References

M. Bukšs, J. Placinskis (1973) Latgaļu volūdas gramatika un pareizraksteibas vōrdneica, Latgaļu izdevnīceiba, page 124
Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 22

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kel-, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to lift”) (whence also celt (“to lift, to stand up, to build”)). The semantic evolution went through the fact that old roads through forests and swamps were often build on higher ground (note that notions related to high relief points are often named with derivations from *kel-, like kalns or cēls (“lofty; noble”)). Also, the sense of “start,” “initiate”, or even “lead” found in celt (e.g., celt naidu “to cause hostility,” celt pār upi “to lead over the river”) and neighboring notions may have influenced ceļš (compare the Ancient Greek cognate with its source κελεύω (keleúō, “to urge, to exhort, to command”)). Cognates include Lithuanian kẽlias (“road, way”), Ancient Greek κέλευθος (kéleuthos, “road, path”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [tsɛʎʃ]
Audio: (file)

Noun

ceļš m (1st declension)

road, way

Declension

Declension of *ceļš* (1st declension)
	singular	plural
nominative	ceļš	ceļi
genitive	ceļa	ceļu
dative	ceļam	ceļiem
accusative	ceļu	ceļus
instrumental	ceļu	ceļiem
locative	ceļā	ceļos
vocative	ceļ	ceļi

Derived terms

References

Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “ceļš”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎^[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN