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This is a Swadesh list of Rajasthani languages, specifically Mewati and Marwari , compared with that of English .
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list .American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
№ English Mewatiमेवाती ( mevātī ) edit (112) Marwariमारवाड़ी ( mārvāṛī ) edit (207) 1 I (1sg )me mhũ hū̃ 2 you (2sg )t̪u * t̪ũ * ap * the thū̃ āp * 3 he , she , it (3sg )uh vai vo vau bo 4 we (1pl )hɐm apa āmpā̃ 5 you (2pl )t̪ɐm t̪um log the āp 6 they (3pl )ʋe uh ve 7 this ji yā ā 8 that uh vau 9 here aṭhe 10 there uṭhe baṭhe 11 who koɳɨ kuṇ kūṇ 12 what kaha kāĩ kāī 13 where kahã kaṭhai kaṇau kaṇā̃ 14 when kɐd̪ɨ kad 15 how kãiyā̃ kīkar katrā kaiṛau 16 not konī 17 all saɾa sɐb gɐlla sagaḷā sab 18 many gʱɐɳɔ bɐhɐt̪ dʒad̪a jādā ghaṇā 19 some thoṛā kuchek 20 few t̪ʰɔɖɔ kam tanik 21 other dūjau bījau 22 one ek ek 23 two d̪ɔ do 24 three t̪in tīn 25 four tʃaɾ cār 26 five paɲtʃ pāñc 27 big bɐɖɔ baḍau 28 long lɐmba lambo 29 wide cauṛau 30 thick gāṛhau 31 heavy t̪ɐgɐɖa moʈɔ bʱaɾi bhārī 32 small tʃʰoʈɔ choṭau nenau 33 short tʃʰoʈa guʈɔ ṭhīṅgṇau 34 narrow pataḷau 35 thin pataḷau 36 woman bɛher vani beihɐr dʒɐnani lugāī aurat 37 man (adult male)ad̪mi maɳɐs marad ādmī 38 man (human being)minak minakh 39 child baɭɐk tʃʰɔɾa bətʃtʃa ṭābar 40 wife bɛher vani bɐhu hɐrvaɭi pət̪ni gharvāḷī lugāī 41 husband gʱɐɾɐjjɐ gʱɐɾwɐlɐ ad̪əmi pət̪i marɐd̪ bɛhɾa dhaṇī bhartār 42 mother ma mat̪a mā mātā 43 father bap pit̪a bāp pitā 44 animal jināvar 45 fish mɐtʃʰi macchī 46 bird ciṛī 47 dog kut̪t̪a gɐɳɖɐk kūtrau kūtau 48 louse līkh 49 snake ɕjãp sāmp 50 worm kīṛau 51 tree ɾukʰ d̪ɐɾkʰɐt̪ peɖ pɔd̪e jhāṛ peṛ 52 forest jaṅgaḷ 53 stick ḍaṇḍau 54 fruit phal 55 seed bīj 56 leaf pɐt̪t̪a pattau 57 root dʒɐɖ sikɐr jaṛ 58 bark (of a tree)chāl 59 flower pʰul phūl 60 grass ghās 61 rope nedʒu ɾəssi dʒeuɖi ledʒu rassī 62 skin kʰal cā̃mṛī 63 meat gos mas māns 64 blood kʰun suɾki khūn 65 bone hɐɖɖi hāḍī hāḍ 66 fat (noun)tʃɐɾbi carbī 67 egg ɐɳɖa aṇḍau 68 horn siŋg sīṅg 69 tail pɔ̃tʃ pūñch 70 feather pāṅkhṛau pāṅkh 71 hair baɭ bāl bāḷ 72 head muɳɖ sɪɾ ʈɛ̃ɳʈi māthau sis 73 ear kan kān 74 eye ãkʰ aṅkh āṅkh 75 nose nakʰ nāk 76 mouth mũh mɐɳɖa muṇḍau mūṇḍau 77 tooth d̪ãt̪ dānt 78 tongue (organ)dʒibʱ jībh 79 fingernail nũh nɔhɔ nakh 80 foot pag 81 leg ʈaŋg pãʋ peɾ ṭāṅg 82 knee goḍau 83 hand hath hāth 84 wing paṅkh pāṅkh 85 belly peʈ pieʈ peṭ 86 guts antṛī 87 neck gardan 88 back pīṭh 89 breast siɳa tʃat̪i chātī 90 heart d̪il gud̪d̪a kaɭedʒa hivṛo hiyau dil 91 liver jigar kāḷjau ?* 92 to drink pi pīṇau 93 to eat kʰa khāṇau 94 to bite kaʈ kaʈ kʰa kāṭṇau 95 to suck cūsṇau 96 to spit thūkṇau 97 to vomit ulṭī karṇau 98 to blow phūṅkṇau 99 to breathe sāns leṇau 100 to laugh hasṇau 101 to see d̪ekʰ dekhṇau 102 to hear sʊɳ sunṇau 103 to know jānṇau 104 to think socṇau 105 to smell sūṅghṇau 106 to fear ḍarṇau 107 to sleep so sovṇau 108 to live jīṇau 109 to die mɐɾ marṇau 110 to kill maɾ piʈ mārṇau 111 to fight laṛṇau 112 to hunt śikār karṇau 113 to hit mārṇau 114 to cut kāṭṇau 115 to split bāṇṭṇau 116 to stab khobhṇau 117 to scratch kharõcṇau 118 to dig khodṇau 119 to swim tairṇau 120 to fly uɖ uṛṇau 121 to walk tʃɐl calṇau 122 to come a dʒa āvṇau 123 to lie (as in a bed) luɐʈ leṭṇau 124 to sit beʈʰ baiṭhṇau 125 to stand khaṛo hovṇau 126 to turn (intransitive) muṛṇau 127 to fall girṇau 128 to give d̪e devṇau 129 to hold pakaṛṇau 130 to squeeze nacoṛṇau 131 to rub malṇau 132 to wash dhovṇau 133 to wipe põchṇau 134 to pull khī̃cṇau 135 to push dhakelṇau 136 to throw phẽkṇau 137 to tie bāndhṇau 138 to sew sīvṇau 139 to count ginṇau 140 to say bol kahṇau bolṇau 141 to sing gāvṇau 142 to play khelṇau 143 to float tairṇau tirṇau 144 to flow bahṇau 145 to freeze jamṇau 146 to swell sūjṇau 147 sun suɾɐdʒ sūraj 148 moon tʃan̪d̪ cānd 149 star t̪aɾa tārā 150 water paɳi pāṇī 151 rain mije bɐɾsat̪ baɾiʃ meh 152 river nadī 153 lake jhīl 154 sea samundar 155 salt nuɳ nɐmɐk namak lūṇ 156 stone pʰɐt̪t̪ɐɾ baʈa ʈoɭa * patthar bhāṭau 157 sand baɭu ɾɛt̪ bʱuɖ bɐdʒəɾi bālū 158 dust d̪ʱuɭ gardā 159 earth jamīn dhartī 160 cloud bad̪ɐɭ ghaʈa bādaḷ 161 fog dhundh kuhā 162 sky asman akaʃ ɐmbɐr asmān ābau 163 wind haʋa pɔn havā 164 snow baraph 165 ice baraf 166 smoke d̪ʱuã dhumvau 167 fire ãdʒɨ ag ãtʃ āg 168 ash rakʰ rākh 169 to burn dʒɐɭ ag lag bāḷṇau 170 road d̪ɐgɐdɔ gɛjel saɖɐk rahi saṛak mārag rastā 171 mountain pahāṛ bhākar 172 red lal lāl 173 green harau 174 yellow pīḷau 175 white d̪ʱoɭa səɸed̪ thoḷau 176 black kaɭɔ kāḷau 177 night ɾat̪ rāt 178 day d̪ɪn din 179 year sal ʋɐɾɐʃ sāl 180 warm t̪at̪ɔ gɐɾɐm garam 181 cold siɭɔ tʰɐɳɖɔ ṭhaṇḍau 182 full pūrā 183 new nɐja navau 184 old puɾaɳa purāṇau 185 good mɐluk ɐtʃʰa bɐɽɪja cokhau 186 bad bekaɾ buɾɔ kʰəɾab kharāb 187 rotten saṛiyau 188 dirty gandau 189 straight sīdhau 190 round gol 191 sharp (as a knife)tikhau 192 dull (as a knife)bauthau 193 smooth cikṇau 194 wet bʱidʒɔ aɭɔ bhīgoṛau 195 dry sukʰa sūkhau 196 correct sahī 197 near nɐdʒik pie pas khanai 198 far d̪uɾ aḷgau 199 right sidʱɐ d̪aja jimṇau 200 left kʰebɖɔ ulʈa ɔɭbɔ bãja ḍāvau 201 at pe 202 in mā̃y 203 with re sāthe 204 and ar 205 if agar 206 because kyūṅki 207 name nam nām
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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