Appendix:Uto-Aztecan Swadesh lists
This is a Swadesh list of Uto-Aztecan languages, specifically Nahuatl, Yaqui, Hopi, Shoshone, O'odham, Cahuilla and Gabrielino-Fernandeño, compared with that of English.
This list includes:
- Nahuatl (Aztecan branch; Central and Southern Mexico)
- Yaqui (Taracahitic branch; Sonora, Northern Mexico)
- Hopi (Hopi branch; Northeastern Arizona, United States) — Third Mesa dialect
- Shoshone (Central Numic branch; Idaho and Nevada, United States) — mostly Fort Hall dialect (Western Shoshone occasionally used)
- O'odham, Tohono (Tepiman branch; Southern Arizona, United States) — Saxton orthography used
- Cahuilla (Takic branch, Cupan sub-branch; Southern California) — Morongo variant
- Tongva (Gabrielino, Fernandeño) (Takic branch, Seran sub-branch; Southern California)
- Ute (Colorodo River) (Southern Numic; Utah, United States)
- Pipil (Aztecan branch; El Salvador)
- Huichol (Corachol branch; Central Mexico)
Note: Additional vocabulary words have been added after word no. 207 ("name"), since the original lengths of Swadesh lists are either 100 or 207 words. Note: (poss.) nouns which require possession.
List
[edit]| № | English | Nahuatl | Yaqui | Hopi | Shoshone | O'odham | Cahuilla | Tongva | Ute | Pipil | Huichol |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | ne, nehuatl; no- | inepo | nu', nuy | ne | 'a꞉ñi, -ñ, | né' | noo(m), ne- as prefix | nʉ́' | naja; nu- | ne |
| 2 | you (singular) |
te, tehuatl; mo- | empo | 'um, 'ung | enne | 'a꞉pi:, -m | 'é' | 'oo(m) | 'ʉmʉ̠ | taja; mu- | ʔeki |
| 3 | he | ye, yehuatl; i- | aapo | pam, put | iden | 'i:da, hegai | pé' | poo' | máas, 'uwas | yaja; i- | |
| 4 | we | tehuan, tehuantin; to- | itepo | 'itam, 'itamuy | nehwe | 'a:cim, -c | chém(em) | 'eyoomo | táwi̠ (incl.), nʉ́mʉ̠ (excl.) | tejemet; tu- | tāme |
| 5 | you (plural) |
amehuan, amehuantin; anmo- | eme’e | 'uma, 'umuy | memme | 'a:pim | 'ém(em) | 'omoo | mʉ́ni̠ | anmejemet; anmu- | |
| 6 | they | yehuan, yehuantin; in- | bempo | puma, pumuy | sidee' | hegam, 'i:dam | hém | momooma' | mamʉs, 'umʉs | yejemet; in- | |
| 7 | this | inin | junu’u | i' | u, ma, ika | 'i:da | manee', mayeete', paara | 'ína̠, 'icha̠ | ini | ʔikɨ | |
| 8 | that | inon | inimi’i | pam | soka, odei' | hegai | maraa, maree' | máa, márʉ̠ | uni | ʔawie | |
| 9 | here | nican | junumu’u | ep | saiki | 'ihab | 'ípa | 'ekwaa, monaa | nikan | ||
| 10 | there | ompa | seenu | pep | aku | 'abai, | pénga | murooma' | unkan, ka né, ikuni | ||
| 11 | who | aquin | jabesa | hak | hagaaden | heḍai, ḍo꞉ | hakii | 'ini | ká, kaj | kemɨʔane | |
| 12 | what | tleh, tlein | jita | himu | hinni | hab | hitaa | 'ipʉ | Tay, Tey | hai | |
| 13 | where | canin | jaksa | haqam | haga' | hebai, bo꞉ | haaype' | 'aghaa | kan | ||
| 14 | when | ihcuac | jakko | hisat | himbai', -gu | hekid | hamiingkope' | ijkwak, kwak, keman (used for questions) | |||
| 15 | how | quenin | jachinia | hin | hagai' | has i masma | 'avaa, heniike' (how much), | ken | |||
| 16 | not | ah, ahmo, macamo | ka | qa | gai | pi | kíll | xaay | kach-, ka- | teasu, tesu, te, inte | waikɨ, tixaɨ |
| 17 | all | mochi, ixquich | si’ime | sòosoy | oyo'go | we:s | 'wee, taaw | manu-, manuni | muchi | nai-tɨ(me) | |
| 18 | many | miectin, miequin, miyac | ousi | hìisa' | soonde | mu'i | 'ayoo'en, ma'eete' | 'avantʉ | miak | waɨkawa | |
| 19 | some | aca, cequi, cequinti | jita | hìisa' | ha'i | sejse | |||||
| 20 | few | achitzitzin | iliiki | hìisa'hoya, tsaa' | heeteese | chiupi, achi | |||||
| 21 | other | oc | seenu | ayamwat | noondea' | aigo, go'ol | 'ashoo', showoo | seyuk | |||
| 22 | one | ce | seenu | suukya' | seme' | hema | súplli | pokuu' | súuyis | se | şewi |
| 23 | two | ome | woi | lööyö' | wahatehwe | go:k | wíh | wehee' | wáyini | ume | huta |
| 24 | three | yei, eyi | vahi | pàayo' | bahaitee' | waik | páh | paahe' | payini | yey | haika |
| 25 | four | nahui | naiki | naalöyö' | watsewite | gi'ik | wíchiw | wachaa' | wh̠cuwiini | nawi | nauka |
| 26 | five | macuilli | mamni | tsivot | manegite | hetasp | namaqwánang | mahaar | manʉgiini | makwil | ʔauşɨwi |
| 27 | big | huey | bwe’u | wuko-, wuuyoq'a | biaichi' | ge'e | wariixre', yo'ooyt | 'avatʉ̠ | wey | ||
| 28 | long | hueiyac, piaztic, huihuiyac | teebe | wuupa | gebedaande | cew | kahoo' | 'awátʉ̠ | weyak | e-tēwi | |
| 29 | wide | patlahuac, cocoyactic | bweeka | puutsi | biawai'gi | taḑan | patawak | ||||
| 30 | thick | chamahuac, tilahuac | ousi maachi | pööngala | bohondande | ṣawaḍ | 'aqhotʉ̠ | chamawak, tilawak | |||
| 31 | heavy | etic | bette | putu | betende | we:c | etek | ||||
| 32 | small | tepitzin, tzotzocotzin | ilitchi | tsay, -hoya | deide' | cum | chinuuho' | míipʉchʉ̠ | chikitik | ||
| 33 | short | tichtic, achihueyac | pochilai | hìisava, tsaava | gebinde' | ṣopol | kutu | ||||
| 34 | narrow | tzoltic | na’ulai | puutsi | kapijk | uchulnaj | |||||
| 35 | thin | canahuac, pitztic | wakila | tsapöngala | ganabe | komal, aj | pitzawak | ||||
| 36 | woman | cihuatl | jamut | wùuti | wa'aipe' | ogs | ñíchill | tokoor | mamachi̠ | siwat | ʔuka |
| 37 | man (adult male) |
oquichtli | o’ou | taaqa | dainape' | ceoj | náxanish | worooyt | ta'wachi̠ | takat, ukich | ʔuki |
| 38 | man (human being) |
tlacatl | bato’i | hopi | newe | 'o'odham | táxliswet | taax, toongve', toongvet | núuchi̠ | takat | |
| 39 | child (a youth) |
conetl, pilli | uusi | tsay | deaipede | 'ali | kí'at | -taarxen, chinuuho' ('baby', literally 'little one') | tuachi̠ | kunet | |
| 40 | wife | zohuatl, cihuatl | jubi | nööma | gwehe | -siwaw (poss.) | |||||
| 41 | husband | oquichtli, namictli | kuuna | koongya('at) | guhape' | kun | wél'isewill | -shulejyu (poss.) | |||
| 42 | mother | nantli | maala, ae | yu('at) | bia', pii | je'e | -ye | -ook | pia̠ | -nan (poss.) | |
| 43 | father | tahtli | achai | na('at) | ape' | alid, ogol | -na, táata | -naak | múa̠ | tata, -teku | |
| 44 | animal | yolcatl | animaal | himu | takwalmet (wild), tapiyalmet (domesticated) | ||||||
| 45 | fish | michin | kuchu | paakiw | baingwi | watopi | kíyul | kyuur | pagʉ́ | michin | kecɨ |
| 46 | bird | tototl | wiikit | tsiro | huchuu' | u'uwhig | wíkikmal (small bird) | cheyuu' | wichichi̠ | tutut | wīki |
| 47 | dog | chichi, itzcuintli | chuu’u | pòoko | sadee' | gogs | 'áwal | wushii' | sarichi̠ | pelu | cɨkɨ |
| 48 | louse | atemitl | ete | atu | busi'a | a:'ac | sá'wal | 'aar | atimet | ʔate | |
| 49 | snake | coatl | baakot | taaho | basinu'yu | wamaḍ | séwet (rattlesnake) | shawt (rattlesnake) | toghoavi̠ (rattlesnake) | kuat | |
| 50 | worm | ocuilli | chumkuria | aahu | watopi | ko'aar | kwilin | ||||
| 51 | tree | cuahuitl | juya | himutski | sohoo'bi | u:s | kélawat | kwawit | kɨye | ||
| 52 | forest | cuauhtlah | juya | -qlö | kwawital | ||||||
| 53 | stick (of wood) |
tlacotl | buja (branch) | koho | huupi | gakimcul | náxat | totaa | 'ivichi̠ | kwawit | |
| 54 | fruit | xocotl | taakam | toko('at) | bahi | tú'ish | -takil (poss.) | ||||
| 55 | seed | xinachtli | bachia | poosi, sivosi | paihai | kai | púchill, qáx'a | nʉ'iavʉ̠ | ish, shinachti | hacɨ | |
| 56 | leaf | xihuitl | saawa | nàapi | ha:hag | pálat | nʉka'a | iswat | şama | ||
| 57 | root | nelhuatl | naawa | nga('at) | tatk | uru'aa, piisiru'a | nelwat | nana | |||
| 58 | bark (of tree) |
tlaxipehualli, ehuayotl | beea | tsìipu'at | bo'ambi | elidag | táchal | muwapʉ̠ | ewat | kunieri | |
| 59 | flower | xochitl | seewa | sihu | donziape | heosig | sé'ish | sʉ'iitʉ̠ | shuchit | ||
| 60 | grass | zacatl | baso | tuusaqa | buhipe | waṣa'i | sámat, símut | shaamat | ugwivʉ̠ | sakat | |
| 61 | rope | mecatl | wikia | wikpangwa | demuku | wu:ḍ, wu:lṣp | píita | mekat | |||
| 62 | skin (of a person) |
cuetlaxtli | beea | puukya | poan | elkon | sával | si'a | kwetashti | tete | |
| 63 | meat (as in flesh) |
nacatl | waakas, tekua | sikwi | duku | cu:kug | wá'ish | hungiiy | tʉkuavi̠ | nakat | wai |
| 64 | blood | eztli | ojbo | ungwa | beepi | e:'eḍ | 'éwill | páapʉ̠ | esti | şūriya | |
| 65 | bone | omitl | ota | ööqa | tsuhni | o:'o | té'ill | 'ɵɵvi̠ | umit | ʔūme | |
| 66 | fat (noun) |
pochquiotl, chiahuitli | awira | wihu | yuhu | gi:gi | wíll | yʉupʉ̠ | -tumakka (poss.) | wīya | |
| 67 | egg | totoltetl, atetl | kabam | nöhu | no'yo | nonha | wéevu' (from Spanish) | teksisti | tawa-ri | ||
| 68 | horn | cuacuahuitl | aawam | aala | aa' | a'ag | 'áwal | 'áapʉ̠ | -kwawyu (poss.) | ||
| 69 | tail | cuitlapilli | bwasia | suru('at) | gwashi | bahi | -kwas | tyuaimukowre'etii | kwasivi̠ | -kwitapil (poss.) | |
| 70 | feather (rather not down) |
ihhuitl, quetzalli | boa | homasa | binoope | a'an | wíkill | kwi̠si'avi̠ | -ujmiyu (poss.) | ʔana | |
| 71 | hair | tzontli | choonim | höömi | bambipe | mo'o | yúlukal | -pwaan | -tzunkal (poss.) | kɨ:pa | |
| 72 | head | cuaitl, tzontecomatl | koba | qötö | ba'mbi | mo'o | yúlukal | -pwaan | chi' | tzuntekumat, -tzuntekun (poss.) | -muʔu |
| 73 | ear | nacaztli | nakam | naqvu | naingi | na:k | náqal | 'nʉkavi̠ | -nakas (poss.) | naka | |
| 74 | eye | ixtli, ixtelolohtli, ixpolotl | puusim | poosi('at) | buih | wuhi | púchill | -choochon | pʉ'ivi̠ | -ish (poss.) | hɨşi |
| 75 | nose | yacatl | yeka | yaqa('at) | muu'bi | da:k | -mul | mɵvɵt'ɵpʉ̠ | -yak (poss.) | curi | |
| 76 | mouth | camatl | teeni | mo'a('at) | dembai | ciñ | támal | toongen | tʉpayʉvi̠ | -ten (poss.) | teta |
| 77 | tooth (rather not molar) |
tlantli | tamim | tama | daa'wa | ta:tami | támal | tawapi̠ | -tan (poss.) | tame | |
| 78 | tongue | nenepilli | nini | lengi('at) | ai'go | ñe:ñ | nángill | aghɵ | -nenepil (poss.) | neni | |
| 79 | fingernail | iztitl | sutum | malatssoki | masido' | sálul | istit | ||||
| 80 | foot | icxitl | wokim | kuku('at) | nambai | taḍ | -'i | -neev | napa̠ | -ikshi (poss.) | ʔɨka |
| 81 | leg | metztli | macham | hokya | huzidoo' | kahio | -'i | yu'uavi̠ | -metzkuyu (poss.) | ||
| 82 | knee | tlancuaitl | tonom | tamö('at) | dannape | to:n | táa | -tewajka (poss.) | şatɨ | ||
| 83 | hand | mayitl | mamam | maa('at) | mo' | ma:wua, nowi | -mal | -maan | mɵ'ɵvi̠ | -mey, -may (poss.) | -mama |
| 84 | wing | atlapalli | masam | masa('at) | kasa | a'an | wákat | -ejtapal (poss.) | |||
| 85 | belly | ihtitl | to’ona | pono | sape | wo:k | té'il | sa̠pʉ | -ijti (poss.) | huka | |
| 86 | guts | cuitlaxcolli | siiam | siihu | kohai | hihij, eḏawek | sa'ill | -kwitashkul (poss.) | |||
| 87 | neck | quechtlantli | kutanaa | kwàapi('at) | doo'yo | kuswo, a:d | kura | -kechkuyu (poss.) | kɨipe | ||
| 88 | back | tepotztli | joo’o | hòota('at) | gwahain | o: | húlul | -teputz (poss.) | |||
| 89 | breast | elpantli | pipim | piihu | pitsi | wipi: | pill | -elpan (poss.) | cici | ||
| 90 | heart | yolotli | jiapsi | unangwa | bihyi | i:bdag | súnil | muguwa | -yulu (poss.) | ʔiya-ri | |
| 91 | liver | elli, eltapachtli | jeemam | nuuma | bu'i | nemaj | -ném'a | -noom | nuupʉ̠ | -eltapach (poss.) | nema |
| 92 | to drink | oni, i | je’e | hiiko | hiibi- | i:'e | -pá- | 'ivi | uni, i | ||
| 93 | to eat | cua | bwa’e | nöösa | deka- | ko'a | -kwá'- | tʉka | kʷa | kʷai(ya) | |
| 94 | to bite | tlancua, tetequi | ke’e | kuuki | geka'-, getsia- | ke'e | -ké'- | ki'i | tankwa | ||
| 95 | to suck | chichina | che’e, chuune | tsòotsona | pitsi- | si'i | -chúng- | pʉchi | chichina | ||
| 96 | to spit | chihcha | chikwatte | töha(k-) | dushi- | siswua | chijcha | ||||
| 97 | to vomit | ihzotla | bisata | naayö'a | weto'ai- | wihot | isuta | ||||
| 98 | to blow (as wind) |
pitza | pujta, pujte | hukba (wind), poovoya (mouth) | neai- (wind), buuhki- (mouth) | hewed | nʉa (wind), pu̠kwi (mouth) | ishpitza | |||
| 99 | to breathe | ihiyotia | jiabijte(i) | hìikwista | suakai- | ihbheni | ijyukwi | ||||
| 100 | to laugh | huetzca | aache | tayati | yahnai | a'as, hehem- | kiya | wetzka | |||
| 101 | to see | itta,tlachiya | bicha | tuwa | bui- | ñeid | pʉnikya | ita, tachiya | şeiya-rika | ||
| 102 | to hear | caqui | jikkaja | navota | nananga- (passive) | chehg, kah | nʉka | kaki | ʔena-rika | ||
| 103 | to know (a fact) |
mati | ju’unea | tuwi'yta | sua- | mahch | pu̠chuchugwa | mati | mai(ya) | ||
| 104 | to think | nemilia | ea | wuuwa | suhanni- | chegito | sumay | yultaketza | |||
| 105 | to smell (sense odor) |
ihnecui | winjuba | hova'ikwa | gwana | hewagith | ijnekwi, ajnekua | ||||
| 106 | to fear | mahuilia, imacaci | majairi | màmqasi | de'ee'ya- | ehbith | makasi | ||||
| 107 | to sleep | cochi | koche | puuwi | epuih- | kohsig | -kúp- | pʉi | kuchi | kuci | |
| 108 | to live | yolli | jiapsa | qatu | na- | thaha | nemi | ||||
| 109 | to die | miqui | muuke | mooki | deyai- | muhk | ya'a | miki | miɨ(ya) | ||
| 110 | to kill | mictia | me’a, sua | niina | baika- | me'a | paqha | miktia | mie-riya | ||
| 111 | to fight | icali | nassua | naayawi | nikkumpah | cheggia | héeñewqa | nanagwa | suma | ||
| 112 | to hunt (transitive) |
ami | aamu | maqto | deegai- | wia | tʉnʉa | itzkia | |||
| 113 | to hit | tlatzotzona, pachilia | beba | wuvàata, sávikna | do- | gewi- | kwipa | chalua | |||
| 114 | to cut | tlacotona, tlatequi, xima | chukta | tuku | tsika'- | hihk | chikura | kutuna, teki | |||
| 115 | to split | xeloa | chukta | saha(k-) | wepahka- | tahpan | tzayana, sheshelua | ||||
| 116 | to stab (or stick) |
soa, kuchi’isoa | sö`ökwikna | doo'na- | tzunteki | ||||||
| 117 | to scratch (an itch) |
huahuana | wo’oke | pélekna | huk- | wawana | |||||
| 118 | to dig | tataca | ji’ibweje | hangwa | hoo'da- | hiabog | -wálin- | 'ɵra | talichkwa | ||
| 119 | to swim | maneloa, acui | bajume | momori | bahabi- | wachchui | manelua | hau-rika | |||
| 120 | to fly | patlani | ne’e | puuyàlti | -yeeze- | tha'a | 'á'awet | yʉchi, yaasi | patani | wi-ya | |
| 121 | to walk | nehnemi | weye | waynuma | mi'a- | him | paghay | nejnemi | yei(ya) | ||
| 122 | to come | huallauh | a’abo weye | pew | -kui', ya'ibiide- | ab him | witz | na-mie | |||
| 123 | to lie (as on one's side) |
motecacolihui, | bo’ote, to’ote | qaatsi | kwapi | wo'iwua | -qál- | 'avi | muteka | ||
| 124 | to sit | motlalia, mocehui | yejte | qatu | gade-, yegwika- | habadk | karʉ | mutalia | yeri(ya) | ||
| 125 | to stand | quehquetza (get up), ihcatoc (to be standing) | kikte, japte | wunu | wee'ne- | kehk | wʉnʉ | muketza (to stand up), ejkatuk (to be standing) | |||
| 126 | to turn (change direction) |
cuepa | kuakta | ponìlti | go'aih | nod | ishkwepa | ||||
| 127 | to fall (as in drop) |
huetzi, temo | kom weche | pòosi | a'nni- | gehsh | -púli- | wi'i | wetzi | ||
| 128 | to give | maca | maka | maqa | utu-, maaga- (feed) | mahk | -máx- | maga, rugwa | maka | mi-yari | |
| 129 | to hold (in one's hand) |
piyatlatzitzquia | jippue, machu’ute, bwisi | yawta, ngu'yta | tsai' | piya | |||||
| 130 | to squeeze | eucxoa, tilinia, patzoa | piike | pootsa (squeeze out) | wak'e | -cheñúchay- | pitzinia | ||||
| 131 | to rub | xacualoa | ruuse | ruurukwa, maamapri | masu'nai- | chelwin | magʉ'na | puyawa, matilua | |||
| 132 | to wash | paca | baksia | (tuu)vahoma | gozho'hai- | wakon | parʉgi | paka | |||
| 133 | to wipe | chipahuapohpohua | hööna | thagion | pupua | ||||||
| 134 | to pull | tilana | wike | lölökinta | -noih | wanimun | pɵvi'wi | tilana | |||
| 135 | to push | topehua | yu’a | na'atsqökna | -ka'ih | nu'i | ishtupewa | ||||
| 136 | to throw | tlaza, tlamayahui | jimaa | tuuva | wiitai'i- | tha'ichuth | tavi | tamuta | |||
| 137 | to tie | ilpia | suma | soma | wul | ilpia | |||||
| 138 | to sew | ihtzoma, iquiti | ji’ika | tuu'iha | tsakeena- | shohm | ijtzuma | ||||
| 139 | to count | pohua | jina’ikia | pòotoyla | dezee'- | kuint | puwa | ||||
| 140 | to say | iluia, ihtoa | tejwa | pàngqawu | niikwi-, nipshua- | ahg | máy | ina, ilwia, ilia | haine | ||
| 141 | to sing | cuica | bwiika | tawta, kuyna | denito'ai | ne'e | káa | takwika | |||
| 142 | to play | mahuiltia | yeewe | naataplawu | nui | chichwi | 'í'ikqa | awiltia | |||
| 143 | to float | ba’apo cha’asisime | paayàlti | bandoyaa- | tzunpanu | ||||||
| 144 | to flow | yeyeco | bwite | muuna | ogwai- | med | mutalua | ||||
| 145 | to freeze | cehuetzi | sapa weche | tuusungwti | de'asenge- | para'si | seseya | ||||
| 146 | to swell | poxauti | bajila | pösti | bai'gwi- | toskoni, kopoth | suluni | ||||
| 147 | sun | tona | taa’a | taawa | da'bai | tash | támit | taamet | taváchi̠ | tunal | tau |
| 148 | moon | metztli | meecha | muuyaw | mea' | mashath | ménill | muwaar | maatogɵchi̠ | metzti | meca |
| 149 | star | citlalin | choki | soohu | da'ziyumbi | hu'u | sú'wet | shuur, shuyoot | sital | şurawe | |
| 150 | water | atl | ba’am | paahu, kuuyi | baa', paa | wa'ig, shuhthagi | pál | paara' | páa | at | ha |
| 151 | rain | quiyahuitl | yuku | yooyangwl; yokva (verb) | ba'emma- | juhki | wéwnish | 'akwaakin | wetzti at | wiye-ri | |
| 152 | river | atoyaatl | batwe, jakia | paayu | okaipin | akimel | wánish | paxaayt | apan | ||
| 153 | lake | atezcatl | bauba’a | patupha | piapaa, paakate | kahchk | pagarʉrʉ̠ | lagoj | |||
| 154 | sea (as in ocean) |
hueyatl, ilhuicaatl | baawe | paatuwaqatsi | kahchk | pál múumat | moomot | weyat | |||
| 155 | salt | iztatl | oona | öönga | onapin | onmath | íngill | ɵavʉ̠ | istat | ||
| 156 | stone | tetl | teta | owa | dembi | hothai | qáwish | toota' | tʉpʉychi̠ | tet | tete |
| 157 | sand | xalli | see’e | tuuwa | basiwambi | o'ohia | ngáchish | 'uxweet | siwapʉ̠ | ashal, shal | |
| 158 | dust | teuhtli | toochia | qö'angw | hukumbe | kuhbsmath | múlish | ku̠kupʉ̠ | tewti, tejti | ||
| 159 | earth (as in soil) |
tlalli | bwia | tutskwa | sogope | chuthwua | témal | 'ooxor | tʉvʉpʉ̠ | tal | kʷie |
| 160 | cloud | mixtli | naamu | 'omaw | dowope | chewagi | wéwnish | mishti | hai | ||
| 161 | fog | ayahuitl | bajewa | pamösi | baagenaipe | kohmhai | páyish | kotiit | pagʉnagari | mishti | |
| 162 | sky | iluicatl | teeka | tokpela | dugumbaa'nna | thahm kahchim | túkvash | tokuupar | tugupaya | wilkal, ilwikat | |
| 163 | wind (as in breeze) |
ehecatl | jeeka | huukyangw | hewel | yá'i | 'ahiikan | nʉ́arʉ̠ | ejekat | ||
| 164 | snow | cepayahuitl | sapam | nuva | daka'bi | gew | yúyat | yoaat | nʉvwa | nievej | |
| 165 | ice | cetl | sapam | patusngwa | baahekape | gew | pál tépawkash | sekti | |||
| 166 | smoke | poctli | bwichia | kwiitsingw | gwiipe | jehniktham | mí'at | kwiika̠ | pukti | kɨci | |
| 167 | fire | tletl | taji | qööhi, uuwingw | gotoo, kuna | nahtha | kút | chaavot | tit | tai | |
| 168 | ash | nextli | naposa | qötsvi | gutusipe | matai | nísxish | kurusʉpʉ̠ | neshti | naşi | |
| 169 | to burn (intransitive) |
tlania | taya | qöyna | mehith, mei (intr.) | -chút- | na'a | tatia | tai-yari | ||
| 170 | road | ohtli | boo’o | pöhu | bo'ai | wohg | pít | pɵ́ɵ | ujti | huye | |
| 171 | mountain | tepetl | kawi | tuukwi | doo'ya | tho'ag | qáwish | xaayy | káavi̠ | tepet | yemuri |
| 172 | red | chichiltic | sikili | paalà(ngpu) | ainga(bite) | wegi | selek(ish) | kwahooxa' | 'akagharʉ̠ | chiltik | şeta |
| 173 | green | xoxoctic | siali | mokì(ngpu) | buhi(bite) | chehthagi | tukvashnek(ish) | takaape' | saghwagharʉ̠ | shushuwik, shushuknaj | ciɨra-ɨye |
| 174 | yellow | coztic | sawali | sikyà(ngpu) | oha(pite) | oam | tesnek(ish) | payuuhowe' | tultik, kustik | taşa-ɨye | |
| 175 | white | iztac | tosali | qöötsa | dosa(bite) | toha | tevishnek(ish) | rawaata' | ságharʉ | istak | tuşa |
| 176 | black | tliltic, cacatzactli | chukuli | qömvi | duhu(bite) | chuk | tulek(ish) | yomaaxa' | túukwarʉ̠ | tiltik | yɨwi |
| 177 | night | yohualli | tukaa | tookila | dugaani | chuhug | túkmiyat | yaawket | tugwanatʉ̠ | tayuwa, yuwal | tɨka-ri |
| 178 | day (daytime) |
tonalli, ilhuitl | taewai | taawa, taala | dabai'yi | tash | támit | taamet | tavay | tunal | |
| 179 | year | xihuitl | wasuktia | yàasangw | ahithag | tɵmɵtʉ̠ | shiwit | ||||
| 180 | warm (as in weather) |
totonqui, yamanqui | suka, taata | muki | yu'wainge- (verb) | huhk | -roo- | kʉtuuruci | tutunik | şɨka | |
| 181 | cold (as in weather) |
cecec, itztic | sebe | iyoho'o | se-, eitsei | hehpi | -choo- | sʉti'i̠ | sesek | haɨtɨ | |
| 182 | full | tenqui | tapunia | opo- | depaigea- | shuhthk, kohwog | kuwii | tentuk, ishwi (to be full of food) | hɨniya | ||
| 183 | new | yancuic | bemela | puuhu | ege- | hemuchkam, wechij | aagarʉ | yankwik | hekwa | ||
| 184 | old | huehue | o’ora | wuy | beaitembe | ge'ecu | wiitapʉ | pala | |||
| 185 | good | cualli | tu’i | lolma, tuwy'ita | tsaa' | 'ap, ke꞉g | 'ácha'e | tʉ́ʉ, atʉ̠ | yek | ||
| 186 | bad | amocualli | kaa tu’i | qa lolma | gizhaan(de) | pad | 'elélema | inteyek, teyek | |||
| 187 | rotten (as, a log) |
palactic, palanqui | bikala | peekyewpu, aavu | jew | palantuk | |||||
| 188 | dirty | catzactix | jaiti maachi | itsehe'e | duchaa- | uam, bihtagi | puknaj | ||||
| 189 | straight | memelahuac | lutulai | sutskwipu | dunaan(de) | shelini | melaktik | ||||
| 190 | round | ololtic | lobolai | póngokpu | bonzanite | sikol | ululnaj, yawalnaj | ||||
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) |
tenitztic | bwaawi | qala | gemape | mu'uk | tamej | ||||
| 192 | dull (as a knife) |
rumui | tsúkuplöti | gai gemape | tzuntulupu | ||||||
| 193 | smooth | xipetztli, alactic | chitabetalai | suphìngpu | pahen | thahpk | petztik | ||||
| 194 | wet | ciahuac, paltic | ba’ari | mowa'iwta | baagwichipe | wadag, wa'u | pachaka̠kya | ajwituk | |||
| 195 | dry (adjective) |
huac | wakia | laaki | basakwai- (verb) | gaki | ta̠pasʉ̠ | waktuk | |||
| 196 | right (correct) |
nelli, melahuac | tua | sú'anta | debiizhi | ap | melawak | ||||
| 197 | near | nahuac | kaa mekka | -qlaq | mia | nawak | |||||
| 198 | far | huehca | mekka | haq | maanankwah | mehkotham | wejka | ||||
| 199 | right (side) |
yeccapan | batam | putve(q) | apko | pwaar | yekkan | ||||
| 200 | left (side) |
opochtli | mikko’im | suyvaqw | kwii | ohgig | kaano' | ukse ladoj | |||
| 201 | at | -pan | -chi | ep | ga | ab, am | pa, -nga | -vaa | tik | ||
| 202 | in | -ihtic | -po | -peq, -ve | gupa | eda, -ko | -naagha̠ | tik | |||
| 203 | with (accompanying) |
ica | naabujtia | akw, -mum | ma'i | wehm | pish | -wa | iwan | ||
| 204 | and | iuan | into | -niqw | deasen | kch, ku- | wan | ||||
| 205 | if | tla | -ko | -kur | -p, sha | -ku | asu, su | ||||
| 206 | because | ica | bwe’ituk | taq | ade'uka | hekaj | maru asu'apa | ika | |||
| 207 | name | tocayitl | team | tungwni | nanihai | chehgig | téwal | niya | -tukay (poss.) | ||
| 208 | house | calli | kari | kiihu | gahnin | kih | kísh | kiiy | káni̠ | kal | |
| 209 | wall | tepantli | sapti | tùupela | tepana | kolhaidag | kíwnish | payaa | tepanti | ||
| 210 | deer | mazatl | maaso | sowi'yngwa | deheya' | sihki | súkat | shukaat | tʉiyʉ̠ | masat | |
| 211 | mouse | quimichin | tori | pöösa | bo'naih | nahagio | pákash | pa'aash | púuch'achi̠ | kimichin | |
| 212 | rabbit | tochtli | taabu | taavo | daa'bu | tohbi | sú'ish, távut | tavʉchi̠ | tuchti | ||
| 213 | eagle | cuauhtli | suluma | kwaahu | gwi'yaa' | ba'ag | 'áswet | 'ashaawut | kwanachi̠ | kwawti | |
| 214 | spider | tocatl | jubaje | kookyangw | awaso'atsi | tokithhud | xwálxwal | wereechey | mu̠kwapi̠ | tukat | |
| 215 | face | xayacatl | pujba | taywa('at) | kopai | mo'o | púchill | kɵva | -ishkalyu (poss.) | ||
| 216 | body | tlactli | takaa | toko | duku | hon | táxawill | -taatax | nuu'aavʉ̠ | -weyka (poss.) | |
| 217 | navel | xictli | siiku | sipna | siigu | hik | -'ul | -shik (poss.) | |||
| 218 | finger | mapilli | pusiam | malatsi | maseweeki' | -ma tú'i | masʉʉvʉ̠ | -mapipil (poss.) | |||
| 219 | sick (painful) |
cocoyac | ko’okoe | tuutuya | neetsiigwa- | mumki- | naghami | kukushtuk | |||
| 220 | needle | huitzmallotl | ji’ikiam | mosta | wii'yu | ho'ibad | agujaj | ||||
| 221 | clothing | quemitl, tilmatli | tajo’ori | yuwsi | oyo'de | eniga | xéllal | -kwajkwach (poss.) | |||
| 222 | thunder | tlatlatziniliztli | yuku jimaari | úmuki | dowoyagaide | kopki | táwval | tikwini | |||
| 223 | lightning | tlapetlanilli | yuku be’oktia | talwìipiki | aingagwikwizhapunde | wepgih, wuihun | takipini | ||||
| 224 | above | aco | bepa | -tsva | ba'a | thahm | ajku | ||||
| 225 | below | tlani | betuku | -tpiq | duka | wecho | itan | ||||
| 226 | to cough | tlatlaci | tase | 'öhö | ohni- | i'ihog | tatasi | ||||
| 227 | to buy | cohua | jinu | tu'i | demee- | nolawt, ṣa'awai | naru'a | kuwa | |||
| 228 | to choose | pehpena | yeu pua | namorta | gawulkad | ishpejpena | |||||
| 229 | to grow | cueponi, mozcalti | yo’otu | hòyta, wungwa | maseah- | ge'eda | nana | weya, mutiskalia | |||
| 230 | to open | tlapohua | etapo | höta | tsatefa- | kuhpi'ok, jeg (intr.) | -'áqi-, -hákush- | paka̠ti'i | tapuwa, pelua | ||
| 231 | to steal | tlanahuaya, ichtequi | etbwa | sokopta, uu'uyna | dedeka- | e꞉s- | iiyu | ichteki | |||
| 232 | to dream | temiqui | tenku | tuumoklawu | nabushi'a'i | ce꞉ck | nanɵsi | temiki | |||
| 233 | to cry | choca | bwaana | pakmumuya | yaa'gai- | ṣoak, ṣoṣa | yagha | chuka | |||
| 234 | to yawn | cochcamachaloa | wa’awa’akte | havìitàangwti | ekkehsah | chinniak | kuchkamachalua | ||||
| 235 | to cook | huicci, tlacualchihualia | bwasa | noovata | degumahanni- | hidod, baha | mana, takwalchiwa | ||||
| 236 | six | chicuace | busani | navay | naafaite | cu꞉dp | qunsúplli' | pavaahe' | chikwasen | ||
| 237 | seven | chicome | wobusani | tsange' | daatsewiti | wewa'ak | qunwíh | wachaa' kavyaa' | chikume | ||
| 238 | eight | chicuei | wojnaiki | nanal | nawiwatsewitse | gigi'ik | qunpáh | weheesh wachaa' | chikwey | ||
| 239 | nine | chiconahui | batani | pept | seemonowemihyande | humukt | qunwíchiw | mahaar kavyaa' | chiknawi | ||
| 240 | ten | mahtlactli | wojmamni | pakwt | seemoten | west-ma꞉m | nemichúmi | weheesh mahaar | majtakti |
Sources
[edit]- Fernández, Zarina Estrada. 2009. "Yaqui vocabulary" In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, 1384 entries. http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/32
- Yoeme-English English-Yoeme: with a comprehensive grammar of Yoeme language. David Leedom Shaul, Felipe S. Molina. Hippocrene Books, 1999. (Yoeme is an alternate name for Yaqui.)
- Hopi Dictionary: Hopìikwa Lavàytutuveni. University of Arizona Press: 1998.
- Tohono O'odham/Pima to English, English to Tohono O'odham/Pima Dictionary. Dean Saxton, Lucille Saxton, et al. University of Arizona Press: 1998.
- Cahuilla Dictionary. Hansjakob Seiler, Kojiro Hioki. Malki-Ballena Press: June 1, 1979.
- Munro, Pamela, et al. Yaara' Shiraaw'ax 'Eyooshiraaw'a. Now You're Speaking Our Language: Gabrielino/Tongva/Fernandeño. Lulu.com: 2008.
- Shoshoni Online Dictionary
- Givón Talmy. Ute Reference Grammar, John Benjamins Pub. Co., Amsterdam, 2011.
- Paula Gómez, (1999): Huichol de San Andrés Cohamiata, Jalisco, Archivo de lenguas indígenas de México, Colegio de México, →ISBN.
External links
[edit]- Yaqui language word list
- Nahuatl-Spanish glossary
- Spanish-English-Nahuatl glossary
- Nahuatl word list (R. Joe Campbell)
- Essay on the Hopi language
- Shoshoni Online Dictionary
- Dictionary of Ute Indian Language
Uto-Aztecan
- Uto-Aztecan word comparison table
- Proto-Uto-Aztecan
- Uto-Aztecan resources
- Article on Uto-Aztecan languages