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animal

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Animal and animâl
Languages (21)
English
Asturian • Catalan • Cebuano • French • Galician • Haitian Creole • Ilocano • Interlingua • Kabuverdianu • Kapampangan • Latin • Middle English • Middle French • Papiamentu • Portuguese • Romanian • Romansch • Spanish • Tagalog • Tok Pisin
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English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English animal, from Old French animal, from Latin animal, a nominal use of an adjective from animale, neuter of animālis, from anima (“breath, spirit”). Displaced native Middle English deor, der (“animal”) (whence modern English deer; from Old English dēor (“animal”)), Middle English reother (“animal, neat”) (whence modern English rother; from Old English hrīþer, hrȳþer (“neat, ox”)).

Noun

animal (plural animals)

  2. (sciences) Any eukaryote of the clade Animalia; a multicellular organism that is usually mobile, whose cells are not encased in a rigid cell wall (distinguishing it from plants and fungi) and which derives energy solely from the consumption of other organisms (distinguishing it from plants).
    Synonym: creature
    Hyponyms: human, person
    Humans, like other animals, need air to breathe and food to eat.
    • 1650, Thomas Browne, “Of the Cameleon”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 133:
      It cannot be denied it [the chameleon] is (if not the moſt of any) a very abſtemious animall, and ſuch as by reaſon of its frigidity, paucity of bloud, and latitancy in the winter (about which time the obſervations are often made) will long ſubſist without a viſible ſuſtentation.
  4. (loosely) Any member of the kingdom Animalia other than a human.
    Synonym: beast
    Coordinate terms: human, person
  5. (loosely) A higher animal; an animal related to humans.
    When he's hungry my toddler opens his mouth like an animal instead of asking us to feed him.
    2. (colloquial) A tetrapod; a land-dwelling nonhuman vertebrate.
      • 2013 July-August, Henry Petroski, “Geothermal Energy”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 4:
        Ancient nomads, wishing to ward off the evening chill and enjoy a meal around a campfire, had to collect wood and then spend time and effort coaxing the heat of friction out from between sticks to kindle a flame. With more settled people, animals were harnessed to capstans or caged in treadmills to turn grist into meal.
    3. A warm-blooded animal; a mammal or bird.
    4. A non-human mammal.
      • 1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 54:
        Birds are as popular as animals in the toy kingdom, especially pigeons, owls and domestic hens.
      I spent my summer studying the animals and birds of the two islands.
  7. (figuratively) A person who behaves wildly; a bestial, brutal, brutish, cruel, or inhuman person.
    Synonyms: brute, monster, savage
    My students are animals.
    • 2019, “Bad Guy”, Finneas O'Connell, Billie Eilish O'Connell (lyrics), performed by Billie Eilish:
      Own me, I'll let you play the role
      I'll be your animal
    • 2024 July 14, Rachel Hall, quoting Jodie White, “‘I’ve never seen owt like it’: England fans in Benidorm in high spirits before Euro final”, in The Guardian‎[1], →ISSN:
      She speculated that things could deteriorate later: “I think they’re scared of the English, which is fair; we are animals.”
  9. (informal) A person of a particular type specified by an adjective.
    He's a political animal.
  11. Matter, thing.
    a whole different animal
    no such animal
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Bislama: anamol
  • Tok Pisin: animal
  • → Esperanto: animalo
  • → Ido: animalo
  • → Volapük: nim
Translations
See animal/translations § Noun.

Etymology 2

From Middle English animal, from Latin animālis, from either anima (“breath, spirit”) or animus. Originally distinct from the noun, it became associated with attributive use of the noun and is now indistinguishable from it.

Adjective

animal (not comparable)

  1. Of or relating to animals.
    Synonyms: beastly, bestial
    Coordinate term: vegetal
    animal instincts
    • 1783 June 3, William Cowper, “To the Rev. William Bull”, in Private Correspondence of William Cowper, Esq. with Several of His Most Intimate Friends. […], volume I, London: […] Henry Colburn, […], and Simpkin and Marshall, […], published 1824, page 266:
      The season has been most unfavourable to animal life; and I, who am merely animal, have suffered much by it.
    • 1809, William Martin, Outlines of an Attempt to Establish a Knowledge of Extraneous Fossils, on Scientific Principles. […], Macclesfield, Cheshire: […] J. Wilson. Sold by the Author, […]; J. White, […], and Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], page 141:
      […]—according to Sanssure, Abbé Fortis, Bruckenman, Jameson, Dr. Richardson, &c. &c. both animal and vegetal remains have been detected in Basalt and Wacke.
    • 1890, [Lena,] Lady Login, “Lucknow”, in Sir John Login and Duleep Singh, London: W. H. Allen & Co., […], page 78:
      The body was covered with soft hair, and though undoubtedly human, it was very animal in its instincts and ways.
    • 1918, W[ilhelm] Max Müller, “[Egyptian Mythology] Worship of Animals and Men”, in Louis Herbert Gray, George Foot Moore, editors, The Mythology of All Races […], volume XII (Egyptian; Indo-Chinese), Boston, Mass.: Marshall Jones Company, page 167:
      The unsatisfactory material at our command, however, renders it difficult to determine why we cannot prove a worship of a living incarnation for every deity who is represented on the monuments in a form either wholly or partially animal. We must wonder why, for example, the sacred hawk or hawks of Horus at Edfu (who never has human form) are scarcely mentioned.
    • 1913–1921, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “The Horse Dealer’s Daughter”, in England My England and Other Stories, New York, N.Y.: Thomas Seltzer, published 24 October 1922, →OCLC, page 243:
      He looked down at the tangled wet hair, the wild, bare, animal shoulders.
    • 2012, Jeet Thayil, Narcopolis, New York, N.Y.: The Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 216:
      I thought: if pain is the thing shared by all living creatures, then I’m no longer human or animal or vegetal; I am unplugged from the tick of metabolism; I am mineral.
    • 2015 August, Joseph M. Luguya, “Part 1: The Demented Scholar”, in Humans: The Untold Story of Adam and Eve and their Descendants, volume one (The Thesis), Silver Spring, Md.: Original Books, →ISBN, page 46:
      In any case, the argument the inhabitants of these parts would have advanced as their strongest one against the so-called chastity belt would, of course, have been that living species, whether animal or vegetative, were made the way they were for an obvious reason.
  2. Raw, base, unhindered by social codes.
    Synonyms: animalistic, beastly, bestial, untamed, wild
    animal passions
  3. Pertaining to the spirit or soul; relating to sensation or innervation.
    • 2003, Roy Porter, Flesh in the Age of Reason, Penguin, published 2004, page 47:
      To explain what activated the flesh, ‘animal spirits’ were posited, superfine fluids which shuttled between the mind and the vitals, conveying messages and motion.
  4. (slang, Ireland) Excellent.
Derived terms
Translations

See also

Further reading

Anagrams

Asturian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin animal.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /aniˈmal/, [a.niˈmal]
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Hyphenation: a‧ni‧mal

Adjective

animal (epicene, plural animales)

  1. animal

Noun

animal m (plural animales)

  1. animal

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin animal.

Pronunciation

Adjective

animal m or f (masculine and feminine plural animals)

  1. animal

Noun

animal m (plural animals)

  1. animal

Derived terms

Further reading

Cebuano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish animal, from Latin animal, a nominal use of an adjective from animale, neuter of animālis, from anima (“breath, spirit”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʔaniˈmal/ [ʔɐ.n̪ɪˈmal̪]
  • Hyphenation: a‧ni‧mal

Noun

animál

  1. animal
  2. (derogatory) rascal
    Synonym: banyaga
  3. (sometimes humurous) a crazy person

Adjective

animál

  1. (sometimes humorous) crazy
  2. contemptible, deserving contempt
  3. ruthless; without pity or compassion; cruel, pitiless

Interjection

animál

  1. (vulgar) used as an expression of disgust, anger, etc.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin animal. Compare the archaic inherited doublet aumaille and its variant armaille, both from the Latin neuter plural animālia.

Pronunciation

Noun

animal m (plural animaux)

  1. animal
    Synonyms: bête, bestiole

Derived terms

Adjective

animal (feminine animale, masculine plural animaux, feminine plural animales)

  1. animal
    Synonym: bestial
    Antonym: végétal

Further reading

Anagrams

Galician

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin animal.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /aniˈmal/ [a.nĩˈmɑɫ]
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Hyphenation: a‧ni‧mal

Adjective

animal m or f (plural animais)

  1. animal

Noun

animal m (plural animais)

  1. animal

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French animal, from Latin animal.

Pronunciation

Noun

animal

  1. animal
    Synonym: zannimo

Ilocano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish animal.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʔaniˈmal/ [ʔɐ.niˈmal]
  • Hyphenation: a‧ni‧mal

Noun

animál

  1. animal
    Synonym: ayup

Interlingua

Pronunciation

Noun

animal (plural animales)

  1. animal

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese animal.

Noun

animal

  1. beast
  2. animal

Kapampangan

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish animal.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ənɪˈmal/ [ə.nɪˈmäl]
  • Hyphenation: a‧ni‧mal

Noun

animal

  1. animal
    Synonym: ayup

Latin

Etymology

From animāle, nominative neuter singular of animālis.

Pronunciation

Noun

animal n (genitive animālis); third declension

  1. animal
  2. living creature

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, “pure” i-stem).

singular plural
nominative animal animālia
genitive animālis animālium
dative animālī animālibus
accusative animal animālia
ablative animālī animālibus
vocative animal animālia

Synonyms

Descendants

Borrowings:

References

  • “animal”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “animal”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • animal in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • animal in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • animate and inanimate nature: animata (animalia) inanimaque (not inanimata)
    • domestic animals: animalia quae nobiscum degunt (Plin. 8. 40)

Middle English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /aniˈmaːl/, /aˈnimal/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Old French animal, from Latin animal.

Alternative forms

Noun

animal (plural animales)

  1. An animal (considered to include humans)
Descendants
  • English: animal (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: ainimal
References

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin animālis.

Alternative forms

Adjective

animal

  1. Related to the soul or spirit of a living being (i.e. sentience or sapience)
Descendants
References

Middle French

Noun

animal m (plural animaux or animaulx)

  1. animal
    Synonym: beste

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese animal and Spanish animal.

Noun

animal

  1. beast
  2. animal

Portuguese

FWOTD – 4 October 2020
Portuguese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pt

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin animal. Doublet of alimária.

Pronunciation

 

  • Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
  • Hyphenation: a‧ni‧mal

Adjective

animal m or f (plural animais, comparable, comparative mais animal, superlative o mais animal or animalíssimo)

  1. (biology) animal (relating to animals)
    • 2000, Julio S. Inglez de Sousa et al., Enciclopédia agrícola brasileira: E-H, Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, page 225:
      Em anatomia animal o termo é de uso muito comum, […]
      The term is very commonly used in animal anatomy, […]
  2. (derogatory, of a person) brute (senseless, unreasoning)
  3. (Brazil, colloquial) cool; awesome
    • 2015, Juliana Rosenthal K., Save the Day, Buqui, page 52:
      É, tava animal mesmo — Bia mal consegue falar.
      Yeah, it really was wild — Bia can barely speak.

Noun

animal m (plural animais)

  1. (biology) animal (any member of the kingdom Animalia)
    • 2020, Petrônio Braz, Léxico dos Gerais, Chiado Books, page 481:
      Primatas — Animais mamíferos, da ordem Primata, que compreende os macacos, antropóides e o homem.
      Primates — Mammalian animals, of the order Primata, which comprises monkeys/apes, anthropoids and man.
  2. (non-scientific usage) animal (an animal other than a human, especially a vertebrate)
    • 2007, Daniela Ikawa, Valor humano intrínseco e redistribuição social in 2007, Flávia Piovesan, Daniela Ikawa, Direitos Humanos: Fundamento, Proteção e Implementação, volume 2, Juruá Editora, page 44:
      Separar os dois grupos — humanos e animais requereria, dentro dos limites da teoria relativa à dor e ao sofrimento, […]
      Separating the two groups — humans and animals would require, within the limits of the theory relating to pain and suffering, […]
    Synonyms: besta, bicho
  3. (colloquial) twat; idiot; moron
    • 1979, Wilson Bacelar de Oliveira, Os meus fantasmas, Editora Comunicação, page 490:
      Escute aqui, seu animal, então você brigou com o companheiro?
      Listen up, you dumbass, so you fought with [your] mate?
    Synonyms: idiota, retardado, burro, imbecil, débil mental, besta
  4. (colloquial) beast (a cruel person)
    • 2007, Creso Balduíno, O verso do ser, Editora Revan, page 170:
      Josuel é um animal repulsivo, uma besta humana.
      Josuel is a repulsive beast, a human beast.
    Synonym: monstro

Derived terms

Romanian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Borrowed from French animal, from Latin animal. Doublet of nămaie.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /a.niˈmal/
  • Audio (female voice):(file)
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Hyphenation: a‧ni‧mal

Adjective

animal m or n (feminine singular animală, masculine plural animali, feminine and neuter plural animale)

  1. animal, animalistic
  2. brutal

Declension

singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative-
accusative 		indefinite animal animală animali animale
definite animalul animala animalii animalele
genitive-
dative 		indefinite animal animale animali animale
definite animalului animalei animalelor animalilor

Adverb

animal

  1. brutally

Noun

animal n (plural animale)

  1. animal

Declension

singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative animal animalul animale animalele
genitive-dative animal animalului animale animalelor
vocative animalule animalelor

Romansch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin animal.

Noun

animal m (plural animals)

  1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan, Surmiran, Vallader) animal

Synonyms

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin animal. See also alimaña, an inherited doublet.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /aniˈmal/ [a.niˈmal]
  • Audio (Spain):(file)
  • Rhymes: -al
  • Syllabification: a‧ni‧mal

Adjective

animal m or f (masculine and feminine plural animales)

  1. animal

Noun

animal m (plural animales)

  1. animal

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish animal, from Latin animal.

Pronunciation

Noun

animál (Baybayin spelling ᜀᜈᜒᜋᜎ᜔)

  1. beast; brute; creature
    Synonyms: halimaw, hayop
  2. (derogatory) brutish person; inhuman person
    Synonyms: hayop, bruto, bestiya

Derived terms

Anagrams

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English animal.

Noun

animal

  1. animal (any member of the kingdom Animalia that is not a human)
    Synonym: abus
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 1:25:
      God i kamapim ol kain kain animal bilong ples na ol bikpela na liklik animal bilong bus. God i lukim olgeta dispela samting i gutpela, na em i amamas.
      →New International Version translation
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