monstro

Danish

Etymology

Clipping of mon man skal tro (“should one believe”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /monstroːˀ/, [mɔnsˈtˢʁ̥oˀ], [mʌnsˈtˢʁ̥oˀ]

Adverb

monstro

1. (dated or humorous) I wonder (if)

   Synonym: mon

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin mōnstrum. Doublet of montri.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): [ˈmonstro]
• Rhymes: -onstro
• Hyphenation: mons‧tro

Noun

monstro (accusative singular monstron, plural monstroj, accusative plural monstrojn)

1. monster (terrifying or dangerous creature)

   Ne zorgu, mia filo; monstroj ne troviĝas sur via lito.

   Don't worry, my son; there are no monsters under your bed.

Hypernyms

• demono (“demon”)
• fantomo (“ghost, demon”)
• infantimigulo (“bogeyman”)
• zombio (“zombie”)

Derived terms

• monstra (“monstrous, monster-like”)

Galician

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin monstrum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmonstɾʊ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

monstro m (plural monstros)

1. monster (terrifying and dangerous, wild or fictional creature)
2. monstrosity, mutant, aberration
3. extremely cruel or antisocial person, especially a criminal

References

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “monstro”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “monstro”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “monstro”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /monstro/

Noun

monstro (plural monstri)

1. monster (terrifying dangerous creature)

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmon.stro/
• Rhymes: -onstro
• Hyphenation: món‧stro

Noun

monstro m (plural monstri)

1. (obsolete) Alternative form of mostro

Latin

Etymology

From mōnstrum +‎ -ō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈmon.stroː/, [ˈmõːs̠t̪roː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈmon.stro/, [ˈmɔnst̪ro]

Verb

mōnstrō (present infinitive mōnstrāre, perfect active mōnstrāvī, supine mōnstrātum); first conjugation

1. to show, point out, indicate, demonstrate
   1. (Medieval Latin, Ecclesiastical Latin) to show
      • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Proverbs.4.11:

        Viam sapientiae mōnstrāvī tibi dūxī tē per sēmitās aequitātis.

        I will shew thee the way of wisdom, I will lead thee by the paths of equity. (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.; 1752 CE)

2. to appoint, ordain
3. to denounce, indict
4. to advise, teach

Conjugation

   Conjugation of mōnstrō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	mōnstrō	mōnstrās	mōnstrat	mōnstrāmus	mōnstrātis	mōnstrant
	imperfect	mōnstrābam	mōnstrābās	mōnstrābat	mōnstrābāmus	mōnstrābātis	mōnstrābant
	future	mōnstrābō	mōnstrābis	mōnstrābit	mōnstrābimus	mōnstrābitis	mōnstrābunt
	perfect	mōnstrāvī	mōnstrāvistī	mōnstrāvit	mōnstrāvimus	mōnstrāvistis	mōnstrāvērunt, mōnstrāvēre
	pluperfect	mōnstrāveram	mōnstrāverās	mōnstrāverat	mōnstrāverāmus	mōnstrāverātis	mōnstrāverant
	future perfect	mōnstrāverō	mōnstrāveris	mōnstrāverit	mōnstrāverimus	mōnstrāveritis	mōnstrāverint
passive	present	mōnstror	mōnstrāris, mōnstrāre	mōnstrātur	mōnstrāmur	mōnstrāminī	mōnstrantur
	imperfect	mōnstrābar	mōnstrābāris, mōnstrābāre	mōnstrābātur	mōnstrābāmur	mōnstrābāminī	mōnstrābantur
	future	mōnstrābor	mōnstrāberis, mōnstrābere	mōnstrābitur	mōnstrābimur	mōnstrābiminī	mōnstrābuntur
	perfect	mōnstrātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	mōnstrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	mōnstrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	mōnstrem	mōnstrēs	mōnstret	mōnstrēmus	mōnstrētis	mōnstrent
imperfect	mōnstrārem	mōnstrārēs	mōnstrāret	mōnstrārēmus	mōnstrārētis	mōnstrārent
perfect	mōnstrāverim	mōnstrāverīs	mōnstrāverit	mōnstrāverīmus	mōnstrāverītis	mōnstrāverint
pluperfect	mōnstrāvissem	mōnstrāvissēs	mōnstrāvisset	mōnstrāvissēmus	mōnstrāvissētis	mōnstrāvissent
passive	present	mōnstrer	mōnstrēris, mōnstrēre	mōnstrētur	mōnstrēmur	mōnstrēminī	mōnstrentur
imperfect	mōnstrārer	mōnstrārēris, mōnstrārēre	mōnstrārētur	mōnstrārēmur	mōnstrārēminī	mōnstrārentur
perfect	mōnstrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	mōnstrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	mōnstrā	—	—	mōnstrāte	—
	future	—	mōnstrātō	mōnstrātō	—	mōnstrātōte	mōnstrantō
passive	present	—	mōnstrāre	—	—	mōnstrāminī	—
	future	—	mōnstrātor	mōnstrātor	—	—	mōnstrantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		mōnstrāre	mōnstrāvisse	mōnstrātūrum esse	mōnstrārī	mōnstrātum esse	mōnstrātum īrī
participles		mōnstrāns	—	mōnstrātūrus	—	mōnstrātus	mōnstrandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		mōnstrandī	mōnstrandō	mōnstrandum	mōnstrandō	mōnstrātum	mōnstrātū

Derived terms

• dēmōnstrō
• mōnstrātiō
• mōnstrātus
• praemōnstrō

 

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Romanian: mustra, mustrare
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: mustrà, muscià
  • Italian: mostrare
  • Neapolitan: mostare
  • Sicilian: mustrari
• Padanian:
  • Ligurian: mostrâ, mosciâ
  • Friulian: mostrâ
  • Piedmontese: mostré, mosté, mossé
  • Romansch: mussar, musser, muossar
  • Venetan: mostrar
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: mostrar
  • Franco-Provençal: montrar, motrar
  • Old French: mostret, mustrer
    • Middle French: monstrer (/n/ taken from Latin; silent ⟨s⟩)
      • French: montrer
    • Walloon: mostrer
    • → English: muster
  • Occitan: mostrar, muishar
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: mostrar
  • Asturian: amosar
  • Galician: mostrar, amosar
  • Portuguese: mostrar, amostrar
  • Spanish: mostrar
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: mostrai, ammostai, multrare, mustrare

References

• “monstro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “monstro”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• monstro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to direct a person who has lost his way: erranti viam monstrare
    
  • (ambiguous) extravagant fictions of fancy: opinionum commenta, ineptiae, monstra, portenta
    
  • (ambiguous) marvellous ideas; prodigies: monstra or portenta
    
  • (ambiguous) it is incredible: monstra dicis, narras
    

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin mōnstrum.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈmõs.tɾu/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈmõs.tɾu/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈmõʃ.tɾu/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈmõs.tɾo/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈmõʃ.tɾu/

Noun

monstro m (plural monstros)

1. monster
   1. a fictional creature with hideous traits, often evil, dangerous and associated with horror fiction

      Vi um filme de monstro hoje. ― I've seen a monster movie today.

   2. (figurative) a person who acts cruelly or performs very immoral acts

      Esses assassinos são uns monstros! ― Those murderers are monsters!

2. (figurative) an ugly person
3. (slang, bodybuilding) an excessively muscular person, often a man

Derived terms

• monstrengo
• monstruosidade
• monstruoso

 

Related terms

• mostrar

Adjective

monstro (feminine monstra, masculine plural monstros, feminine plural monstras, comparable, comparative mais monstro, superlative o mais monstro or monstríssimo, diminutive monstrinho, augmentative monstrão)

1. (slang) incredible, amazing, astonishing

   Jogada monstra! ― Amazing move!

2. (slang, of a person) very muscular or excessively fit

   Depois de muito treino, fiquei monstro! ― After much training, I became very muscular!

3. (slang, of a person, usually followed by related activity) remarkably good at something

   Você é monstro no basquete! ― You play basketball amazingly!

Spanish

Noun

monstro m (plural monstros)

1. Obsolete spelling of monstruo.

Further reading

• “monstro”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10