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Appendix:Tagalog Swadesh list

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

This is a Swadesh list of words in Tagalog, compared with definitions in English.

Introduction

[edit]
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

[edit]
EnglishTagalog
Tagalog
edit (207)
1I (1sg)ako
2you (2sg)ikaw, kayo
3he, she, it (3sg)siya
4we (1pl)tayo (inclusive), kami (exclusive)
5you (2pl)kayo
6they (3pl)sila
7thisito
8thatiyan (far from speaker but closer to person being spoken to), iyon (far from speaker and person being speaker to)
9heredito
10therediyan (far from speaker but closer to person being spoken to), doon (far from speaker and person being speaker to)
11whosino
12whatano
13wheresaan
14whenkailan
15howpaano
16nothindi
17alllahat
18manymarami
19someilan
20fewkaunti
21otheriba
22oneisa
23twodalawa
24threetatlo
25fourapat
26fivelima
27bigmalaki
28longmahaba
29widemalapad
30thickmakapal
31heavymabigat
32smallmaliit, munti, pandak (of stature)
33shortmaiksi, maikli
34narrowmakitid
35thinmanipis, payat
36womanbabae
37man (adult male)lalaki
38man (human being)tao
39childanak, bata
40wifeasawa
41husbandasawa
42motherina
43fatherama
44animalhayop
45fishisda
46birdibon
47dogaso
48lousekuto
49snakeahas
50wormuod
51treepuno
52forestgubat
53stickpatpat
54fruitbunga
55seedbuto, binhi
56leafdahon
57rootugat
58bark (of a tree)balat
59flowerbulaklak
60grassdamo
61ropelubid
62skinbalat
63meatlaman
64blooddugo
65bonebuto
66fat (noun)taba
67eggitlog
68hornsungay
69tailbuntot
70featherbalahibo
71hairbuhok
72headulo
73eartainga
74eyemata
75noseilong
76mouthbibig
77toothngipin
78tongue (organ)dila
79fingernailkuko
80footpaa
81legbinti
82kneetuhod
83handkamay
84wingpakpak
85bellytiyan
86gutsbituka
87neckleeg
88backlikod
89breastsuso
90heartpuso
91liveratay
92to drinkuminom
93to eatkumain
94to bitekumagat
95to sucksumipsip
96to spitdumura
97to vomitsumuka
98to blowumihip
99to breathehuminga
100to laughtumawa
101to seemakita
102to hearmarinig
103to knowumalam
104to thinkmag-isip
105to smellumamoy
106to fearmatakot
107to sleepmatulog
108to livemabuhay
109to diemamatay
110to killpumatay
111to fightlumaban
112to huntmangaso
113to hittumama
114to cutpumutol
115to splithumati
116to stabsumaksak
117to scratchmagkamot
118to digmaghukay
119to swimlumangoy
120to flylumipad
121to walkmaglakad
122to comedumating
123to lie (as in a bed)humiga
124to situmupo
125to standtumayo
126to turn (intransitive)lumiko
127to fallmahulog
128to givemagbigay
129to holdhumawak
130to squeezepumisil
131to rubmagkuskos
132to washmaghugas
133to wipemagpunas
134to pullhumila
135to pushtumulak
136to throwmagtapon
137to tiemagtali
138to sewmagtahi
139to countmagbilang
140to saymagsabi
141to singumawit
142to playmaglaro
143to floatlumutang
144to flowumagos
145to freezetumigas
146to swellmamaga
147sunaraw
148moonbuwan
149starbituin
150watertubig
151rainulan
152riverilog
153lakelawa
154seadagat
155saltasin
156stonebato
157sandbuhangin
158dustalikabok
159earthlupa
160cloudulap
161foghamog
162skylangit
163windhangin
164snowniyebe
165iceyelo
166smokeusok
167fireapoy
168ashabo
169to burnmagsunog
170roaddaan
171mountainbundok
172redpula
173greenluntian
174yellowdilaw
175whiteputi
176blackitim
177nightgabi
178dayaraw
179yeartaon
180warmmainit
181coldmalamig
182fullpuno
183newbago
184oldluma (inanimate), matanda (animate)
185goodmabuti
186badmasama
187rottenbulok
188dirtymarumi
189straighttuwid
190roundbilog
191sharp (as a knife)matalim
192dull (as a knife)mapurol
193smoothmakinis
194wetbasa
195drytuyo
196correcttama
197nearmalapit
198farmalayo
199rightkanan
200leftkaliwa
201atsa
202insa
203withkasama
204andat
205ifkung
206becausedahil
207namengalan

Bibliography

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  • Parlons tagalog (Marina Pottier), L'Harmattan, Paris 1999 - →ISBN
  • Les langages de l'humanité (Michel Malherbe), Robert Laffont, Paris 1995 - →ISBN
[edit]
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
(edit this template)