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fog

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: FOG and fóg

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Trees in fog

Pronunciation

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  • (UK) IPA(key): /fɒɡ/
  • (US) IPA(key): /fɑɡ/, /fɔɡ/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɒɡ

Etymology 1

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Origin uncertain; but probably of North Germanic origin. Probably either a back-formation from foggy (“covered with tall grass; thick, marshy”), from the earlier-attested fog (“tall grass”) (see below),[1][2] or from or related to Danish fog (“spray, shower, drift, storm”),[2] related to Icelandic fok (“spray, any light thing tossed by the wind, snowdrift”), Icelandic fjúka (“to blow, drive”), from Proto-Germanic *feukaną (“to whisk, blow”), from Proto-Indo-European *pug- (“billow, bulge, drift”), from *pew-, *pow- (“to blow, drift, billow”), in which case related to German fauchen (“to hiss, spit, spray”).

Noun

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fog (countable and uncountable, plural fogs)

  2. (uncountable) A thick cloud that forms near the ground; the obscurity of such a cloud.
    Synonyms: haze, mist
    a bank of fog
    • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter I, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, →OCLC; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], →OCLC, page 0016:
      Thus the red damask curtains which now shut out the fog-laden, drizzling atmosphere of the Marylebone Road, had cost a mere song, and yet they might have been warranted to last another thirty years. A great bargain also had been the excellent Axminster carpet which covered the floor; […].
    • 2012 March 19, David Denby, “Everybody Comes to Rick’s: “Casablanca” on the Big Screen”, in The New Yorker‎[1]:
      Wallis and Curtiz eventually agreed to shoot Howard Koch’s preferred ending, with distraught Ilse[sic], still in love with Rick, going off with Laszlo to America, and Rick and Louis going off together into the fog. (In Morocco? Fog? Never mind.)
  3. (uncountable) A mist or film clouding a surface.
    Synonym: steam
  4. (figurative) A state of mind characterized by lethargy and confusion.
    Synonyms: daze, haze
    He did so many drugs, he was still in a fog three months after going through detox.
  5. (photography) A silver deposit or other blur on a negative or developed photographic image.
  6. (computer graphics) Distance fog.
Usage notes
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  • To count the sense thick cloud, "bank of fog" is usually used.
  • To count the sense clouding a surface, "foggy patch" is usually used.
Hypernyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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fog (third-person singular simple present fogs, present participle fogging, simple past and past participle fogged)

  1. (intransitive) To become covered with or as if with fog.
  2. (intransitive) To become obscured in condensation or water.
    Synonyms: become cloudy, become steamy
    The mirror fogged every time he showered.
  3. (intransitive, photography) To become dim or obscure.
  4. (transitive, photography) To make dim or obscure.
  5. (transitive, photography) To spoil (film) via exposure to light other than in the normal process of taking a photograph.
  6. (transitive) To cover with or as if with fog.
    • 1968, Eighth Annual Report, Metropolitan Corporation of Greater Winnipeg, page 7:
      Fogging for adult mosquito control began on June 4th in residential areas. Until September 25th, the Metro area was fogged eleven times, using nine truck-mounted foggers, eight hand swing foggers, and two boats.
  7. (transitive) To disperse insecticide into (a forest canopy) so as to collect organisms.
  8. (transitive) To obscure in condensation or water.
    • 2008, United States Congress, House Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Housing and Community Opportunity - Foreclosure, Foreclosure Prevention and Intervention: The Importance of Loss Mitigation, page 46:
      Unfortunately, the pendulum has swung way too far to the other end where the saying in the industry is is[sic] that if you could fog a mirror, you could get a loan.
  9. (transitive) To make confusing or obscure.
    Synonyms: blur, cloud, obscure
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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From Middle English fogge (“tall grass”), probably from Norwegian fogg (“tall, worthless grass”); compare Scots fog (“moss; lichen”).

Noun

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fog (uncountable)

  1. A new growth of grass appearing on a field that has been mowed or grazed.
    Synonyms: aftergrass, aftermath, eddish
    • 1800, John Lawrenece, The New Farmer's Calendar; Or, Monthly Remembrancer, for All Kinds of Country Business: Comprehending All the Material Improvements in the New Husbandry ... By a Farmer and Breeder [i.e. J. Lawrence]., page 114:
      The inclosures of fog, or aftergrass, reserved for spring-feed, are now supposed to be shut up, also the burnet, which is never to be fed in autumn ...
  2. (UK, dialect) Tall and decaying grass left standing after the cutting or grazing season.
    Synonym: foggage
    • 1744, William Agric Ellis, The Modern Husbandman, page 104:
      […] and they generally leave a great deal of Fog to rot on the Ground, which, with the Help of his well turned Dung-hill, dress his Ground […]
  3. (Scotland) Moss.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Verb

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fog (third-person singular simple present fogs, present participle fogging, simple past and past participle fogged)

  1. (transitive) To pasture cattle on the fog (of), or aftergrass, of; to eat off the fog from (a field).
  2. (intransitive) To become covered with the kind of grass called fog.

Etymology 3

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Compare Old Dutch focker.

Verb

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fog (third-person singular simple present fogs, present participle fogging, simple past and past participle fogged)

  1. (intransitive, obsolete) To practice in a small or mean way; to pettifog.
    • a. 1701 (date written), John Dryden, “The Counter Scuffle”, in The Miscellaneous Works of John Dryden, […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: […] J[acob] and R[ichard] Tonson, […], published 1760, →OCLC:
      Where wouldst thou fog to get a fee?

References

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  1. ^ “fog”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “fog”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Anagrams

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Hungarian

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(1) fogja a kormányt
(3) bagoly egeret fogott

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Ugric *puŋɜ- (“to grasp, to catch”). Cognates include Northern Mansi пувуӈкве (puvuňkve).[1][2]

Verb

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fog

  2. (transitive) to hold (to keep in one’s hands)
    • 1983, Mihály Padisák, chapter I, in Gyalog Juli‎[2]:
      Valaki ült is mellette, fogta a kezét, de az arcát valahogy nem látta.
      Somebody was sitting next to her, held her hand, but somehow she couldn’t see his face.
  3. (transitive) to take (to get into one’s hands)
    • 1885, Mór Jókai, chapter XXIII, in A lőcsei fehér asszony:
      Itt van, fogd ezt a levelet; és aztán olvasd el, mikor egyedül leszesz.
      Here, take this letter; read it when you’re alone.
  4. (transitive) to catch, to capture (to seize by force, especially to grab or trap an animal)
    • 1969, “Történetek a ravasz nyulacskáról”, in Tekla Dömötör, editor, A mesemondó szikla‎[3]:
      Mikor eljött az ebédidő, medve koma úgy látta, hogy elég halat fogott, s elhatározta, hogy hazamegy.
      When lunchtime came, uncle bear found that he had caught enough fish and decided to go home.
  5. (transitive, broadcasting) to receive (to detect a signal from a transmitter)
    • 1996, István Kamarás, István Péter Németh, “Világverseny a berekben”, in Origósdi‎[4]:
      Egyébként egészen jól lehetett fogni az adást.
      As a matter of fact, I received the broadcast quite clearly.
    • 2010, Andrea Tompa, A hóhér háza, 2nd edition, Budapest: Libri Kiadó, published 2015, →ISBN, page 5:
      […] azóta minden este otthon a régi VEF-en a Kossuthot próbálták fogni – a határokat már lezárták, kívülről nem jöhetett segítség –, így amint meghallotta az egyre ütemesebb és összehangoltabb utcai kiabálást, tudta, hogy ez már nem afféle tét nélküli kóruspróba […]
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  6. (transitive, by extension, slang) to listen to, to hear, to understand (to pay attention to someone)
    • 2007, Csilla Tóth, chapter 4, in Körbe ég‎[5]:
      Fogod, amit mondok? Észnél vagy?
      Do you hear what I’m sayin’? Are you out of your mind?
  7. (transitive, intransitive followed by rajta) to affect, to harm (to have an effect on, especially detrimentally)
    • 1971, Ervin Lázár, chapter 3, in A fehér tigris‎[6]:
      Valaki azt is mondta, hogy le akarták lőni, de nem fogja a golyó.
      Someone even said that they had wanted to shoot it, but bullets wouldn’t harm it.
  8. (intransitive) to write (of a pen or other writing instrument, to leave a mark)
    • 2009, Attila Salga, “A félresikerült randi”, in Mi lenne velem nélkülem?‎[7]:
      Olyan furcsa volt, ahogyan felírta a rendelést: nem fogott a tolla, és elkezdte rázni.
      It was strange, the way she took the order: her pen wouldn’t write, and she started shaking it.
  9. (transitive) to cut (of a tool: to exert its effect on the material used in performing a task)
    A kést akkor kell megélezni, amikor már nem fog úgy, mint azelőtt.
    The knife should be sharpened when it no longer cuts like it did before.
    Az eke jól fogja a földet.
    The plow cuts/grips the ground well.
  10. (intransitive) to transfer (of ink or dye, to leave a stain upon contact)
    • 1980, Károly Gombos, “Régi kaukázusi azerbajdzsán szőnyegek”, in Művészettörténeti Értesítő‎[8], volume 29, number 1:
      A rossz festékekkel megfestett újabb szőnyegeken a kék színek fognak, mosás közben kék színt eresztenek [...]
      In newer carpets dyed with poor dyes, the blue colors transfer, they bleed blue color when being washed [...]
  11. (transitive, ball games) to mark (to follow a player not in possession of the ball when defending)
    • 1960, György Cseuz, “Csak a Csepel Autó nyert”, in Pest Megyei Hírlap‎[9], volume 4, number 139:
      Csikós I nem fogta a balösszekötőt, az kiugrott és gólt lőtt.
      Csikós I didn’t mark the inside left, who sprang forward and scored a goal.
  12. (auxiliary, with an infinitive, only in present indicative) will, going to (used to form the future tense)
    • 1924, Margarete Böhme, translated by Elza Pogány, Egy mozgalmas élet története‎[10]:
      Most azonban jó lesz sietve hazamenni, mert mindjárt esni fog.
      But now we’d better go home quickly, because it’s going to rain soon.
  13. (reflexively, as fogja magát, with definite conjugation) to up and (to do something abruptly or unexpectedly)
    • 2004, Csaba Fecske, “A rokonok”, in Csalapinta villanytörpék‎[11]:
      Fogta magát és szó nélkül berohant a szobájába.
      He just up and ran off into his room without a word.
Conjugation
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conjugation of fog
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. fogok fogsz fog fogunk fogtok fognak
Def. fogom fogod fogja fogjuk fogjátok fogják
2nd-p. o. foglak ―
Past Indef. fogtam fogtál fogott fogtunk fogtatok fogtak
Def. fogtam fogtad fogta fogtuk fogtátok fogták
2nd-p. o. fogtalak ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. fogni fog.
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. fogék fogál foga fogánk fogátok fogának
Def. fogám fogád fogá fogánk fogátok fogák
2nd-p. o. fogálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. fog vala, fogott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. fogandok fogandasz fogand fogandunk fogandotok fogandanak
Def. fogandom fogandod fogandja fogandjuk fogandjátok fogandják
2nd-p. o. fogandalak ―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. fognék fognál fogna fognánk fognátok fognának
Def. fognám fognád fogná fognánk
(or fognók) 		fognátok fognák
2nd-p. o. fognálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. fogott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. fogjak fogj or
fogjál 		fogjon fogjunk fogjatok fogjanak
Def. fogjam fogd or
fogjad 		fogja fogjuk fogjátok fogják
2nd-p. o. fogjalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. fogott légyen
Infinitive fogni fognom fognod fognia fognunk fognotok fogniuk
Other
forms 		Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
fogás fogó fogott fogandó fogva (fogván)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of fog
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. foghatok foghatsz foghat foghatunk foghattok foghatnak
Def. foghatom foghatod foghatja foghatjuk foghatjátok foghatják
2nd-p. o. foghatlak ―
Past Indef. foghattam foghattál foghatott foghattunk foghattatok foghattak
Def. foghattam foghattad foghatta foghattuk foghattátok foghatták
2nd-p. o. foghattalak ―
Archaic
Preterit 		Indef. foghaték foghatál foghata foghatánk foghatátok foghatának
Def. foghatám foghatád foghatá foghatánk foghatátok foghaták
2nd-p. o. foghatálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. foghat vala, foghatott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future 		Indef. foghatandok
or fogandhatok 		foghatandasz
or fogandhatsz 		foghatand
or fogandhat 		foghatandunk
or fogandhatunk 		foghatandotok
or fogandhattok 		foghatandanak
or fogandhatnak
Def. foghatandom
or fogandhatom 		foghatandod
or fogandhatod 		foghatandja
or fogandhatja 		foghatandjuk
or fogandhatjuk 		foghatandjátok
or fogandhatjátok 		foghatandják
or fogandhatják
2nd-p. o. foghatandalak
or fogandhatlak 		―
Condi­tional
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. foghatnék foghatnál foghatna foghatnánk foghatnátok foghatnának
Def. foghatnám foghatnád foghatná foghatnánk
(or foghatnók) 		foghatnátok foghatnák
2nd-p. o. foghatnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. foghatott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood 		Pre­sent Indef. foghassak foghass or
foghassál 		foghasson foghassunk foghassatok foghassanak
Def. foghassam foghasd or
foghassad 		foghassa foghassuk foghassátok foghassák
2nd-p. o. foghassalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. foghatott légyen
Inf. (foghatni) (foghatnom) (foghatnod) (foghatnia) (foghatnunk) (foghatnotok) (foghatniuk)
Positive adjective fogható Neg. adj. foghatatlan Adv. part. (foghatva / foghatván)
Derived terms
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(With verbal prefixes):

Expressions

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Uralic *piŋe. Cognates include Northern Mansi пуӈк (puňk), Erzya пей (pej), Finnish pii.

Noun

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fog (plural fogak)

  2. (anatomy) tooth
    Ez a fog lyukas. ― This tooth has a cavity.
  3. tooth, cog
    Egy átlagos hegyikerékpár hátsó fogaskerekein rendre 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24, 34 fog van.
    There are 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 34 teeth on a standard mountain bike's rear sprockets.
  4. tooth (a sharp projection on a saw or similar implement)
    A fűrész egyik foga hiányzik. ― One of the saw’s teeth is missing.
Declension
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Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative fog fogak
accusative fogat fogakat
dative fognak fogaknak
instrumental foggal fogakkal
causal-final fogért fogakért
translative foggá fogakká
terminative fogig fogakig
essive-formal fogként fogakként
essive-modal — —
inessive fogban fogakban
superessive fogon fogakon
adessive fognál fogaknál
illative fogba fogakba
sublative fogra fogakra
allative foghoz fogakhoz
elative fogból fogakból
delative fogról fogakról
ablative fogtól fogaktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		fogé fogaké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		fogéi fogakéi
Possessive forms of fog
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. fogam fogaim
2nd person sing. fogad fogaid
3rd person sing. foga fogai
1st person plural fogunk fogaink
2nd person plural fogatok fogaitok
3rd person plural foguk fogaik
Derived terms
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Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term at the end
Expressions

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Entry #1830 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^ fog in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • (to hold, catch): fog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (tooth, cog): fog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈfɔ.ɡu.i/ [ˈfɔ.ɡʊ.i], /ˈfɔ.ɡi/

  • Hyphenation: fog
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Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup(+) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

Noun

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fog m (plural fogs)

  1. (clarification of this definition is needed) fog

Swedish

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Noun

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fog n (not commonly inflected)

  1. Valid cause, valid reason.
    Har han fog för sina anklagelser?
    Are his accusations made on good grounds? / Is he justified in his accusations?
    Hon har fog för sin oro.
    She has reason to be worried.
  2. (dated) Appropriate manner to proceed.

Derived terms

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Noun

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fog c

  1. joint, seam
    Fogarna mellan kakelplattorna hade blivit missfärgade med åren.
    The joints between the glazed tiles had become discoloured with the years.

Declension

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Declension of fog
nominative genitive
singular indefinite fog fogs
definite fogen fogens
plural indefinite fogar fogars
definite fogarna fogarnas

Derived terms

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References

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