Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
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Suffix table
[edit]See also possessive suffixes in Wikipedia.
| Possessor | Single possession | Multiple possessions | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single possessor | 1st person | -m/-om/-am/-em/-öm | -im/-aim/-eim/-jaim/-jeim |
| 2nd person (informal) | -d/-od/-ad/-ed/-öd | -id/-aid/-eid/-jaid/-jeid | |
| 3rd person 2nd person (formal) |
-a/-e/-ja/-je | -i/-ai/-ei/-jai/-jei | |
| Plural possessor | 1st person | -nk/-unk/-ünk | -ink/-aink/-eink/-jaink/-jeink |
| 2nd person (informal) | -tok/-tek/-tök/-otok/-atok/-etek/-ötök | -itok/-itek/-aitok/-eitek/-jaitok/-jeitek | |
| 3rd person | -uk/-ük/-juk/-jük | -ik/-aik/-eik/-jaik/-jeik | |
Examples
[edit]-m
[edit]Final vowel a
[edit]The final vowel a changes to á when the possessive suffixes are added:
- kutya (“dog”) → kutyá + suffix
| Possessor | Single possession | Multiple possessions | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single possessor | 1st person | a(z én) kutyám my dog |
a(z én) kutyáim my dogs |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (te) kutyád your (singular, informal) dog |
a (te) kutyáid your (singular, informal) dogs | |
| 3rd person and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) kutyája his/her/its dog a (maga/az ön) kutyája your (singular, formal) dog |
a(z ő) kutyái his/her/its dogs a (maga/az ön) kutyái your (singular, formal) dogs | |
| Plural possessor | 1st person | a (mi) kutyánk our dog |
a (mi) kutyáink our dogs |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (ti) kutyátok your (plural, informal) dog |
a (ti) kutyáitok your (plural, informal) dogs | |
| 3rd person (Note: ő is used instead of ők) and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) kutyájuk their dog a maguk/az önök kutyája (!) your (plural, formal) dog |
a(z ő) kutyáik their dogs a maguk/az önök kutyái (!) your (plural, formal) dogs | |
Final vowel e
[edit]The final vowel e changes to é when the possessive suffixes are added:
- csésze (“cup”) → csészé + suffix
| Possessor | Single possession | Multiple possessions | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single possessor | 1st person | a(z én) csészém my cup |
a(z én) csészéim my cups |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (te) csészéd your (singular, informal) cup |
a (te) csészéid your (singular, informal) cups | |
| 3rd person and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) csészéje his/her/its cup a (maga/az ön) csészéje your (singular, formal) cup |
a(z ő) csészéi his/her/its cups a (maga/az ön) csészéi your (singular, formal) cups | |
| Plural possessor | 1st person | a (mi) csészénk our cup |
a (mi) csészéink our cups |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (ti) csészétek your (plural, informal) cup |
a (ti) csészéitek your (plural, informal) cups | |
| 3rd person (Note: ő is used instead of ők) and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) csészéjük their cup a maguk/az önök csészéje (!) your (plural, formal) cup |
a(z ő) csészéik their cups a maguk/az önök csészéi (!) your (plural, formal) cups | |
Final vowel u
[edit]| Possessor | Single possession | Multiple possessions | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single possessor | 1st person | a(z én) kapum my gate |
a(z én) kapuim my gates |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (te) kapud your (singular, informal) gate |
a (te) kapuid your (singular, informal) gates | |
| 3rd person and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) kapuja his/her/its gate a (maga/az ön) kapuja your (singular, formal) gate |
a(z ő) kapui his/her/its gates a (maga/az ön) kapui your (singular, formal) gates | |
| Plural possessor | 1st person | a (mi) kapunk our gate |
a (mi) kapuink our gates |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (ti) kaputok your (plural, informal) gate |
a (ti) kapuitok your (plural, informal) gates | |
| 3rd person (Note: ő is used instead of ők) and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) kapujuk their gate a maguk/az önök kapuja (!) your (plural, formal) gate |
a(z ő) kapuik their gates a maguk/az önök kapui (!) your (plural, formal) gates | |
Final vowel i
[edit]| Possessor | Single possession | Multiple possessions | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single possessor | 1st person | a(z én) kocsim my car |
a(z én) kocsijaim my cars |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (te) kocsid your (singular, informal) car |
a (te) kocsijaid your (singular, informal) cars | |
| 3rd person and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) kocsija his/her/its car a (maga/az ön) kocsija your (singular, formal) car |
a(z ő) kocsijai his/her/its cars a (maga/az ön) kocsijai your (singular, formal) cars | |
| Plural possessor | 1st person | a (mi) kocsink our car |
a (mi) kocsijaink our cars |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (ti) kocsitok your (plural, informal) car |
a (ti) kocsijaitok your (plural, informal) cars | |
| 3rd person (Note: ő is used instead of ők) and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) kocsijuk their car a maguk/az önök kocsija (!) your (plural, formal) car |
a(z ő) kocsijaik their cars a maguk/az önök kocsijai (!) your (plural, formal) cars | |
Note: Some authors support multiple-possession forms like kocsiim, kocsiid, kocsii, kocsiink, kocsiitok, kocsiik,[1] based on the above pattern of other vowel-final words, however, such forms are generally uncommon for i-final words.
-om
[edit]| Possessor | Single possession | Multiple possessions | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single possessor | 1st person | a(z én) bankom my bank |
a(z én) bankjaim my banks |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (te) bankod your (singular, informal) bank |
a (te) bankjaid your (singular, informal) banks | |
| 3rd person and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) bankja his/her/its bank a (maga/az ön) bankja your (singular, formal) bank |
a(z ő) bankjai his/her/its banks a (maga/az ön) bankjai your (singular, formal) banks | |
| Plural possessor | 1st person | a (mi) bankunk our bank |
a (mi) bankjaink our banks |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (ti) bankotok your (plural, informal) bank |
a (ti) bankjaitok your (plural, informal) banks | |
| 3rd person (Note: ő is used instead of ők) and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) bankjuk their bank a maguk/az önök bankja (!) your (plural, formal) bank |
a(z ő) bankjaik their banks a maguk/az önök bankjai (!) your (plural, formal) banks | |
-am
[edit]| Possessor | Single possession | Multiple possessions | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single possessor | 1st person | a(z én) házam my house |
a(z én) házaim my houses |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (te) házad your (singular, informal) house |
a (te) házaid your (singular, informal) houses | |
| 3rd person and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) háza his/her/its house a (maga/az ön) háza your (singular, formal) house |
a(z ő) házai his/her/its houses a (maga/az ön) házai your (singular, formal) houses | |
| Plural possessor | 1st person | a (mi) házunk our house |
a (mi) házaink our houses |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (ti) házatok your (plural, informal) house |
a (ti) házaitok your (plural, informal) houses | |
| 3rd person (Note: ő is used instead of ők) and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) házuk their house a maguk/az önök háza (!) your (plural, formal) house |
a(z ő) házaik their houses a maguk/az önök házai (!) your (plural, formal) houses | |
-em
[edit]| Possessor | Single possession | Multiple possessions | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single possessor | 1st person | a(z én) kertem my garden |
a(z én) kertjeim my gardens |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (te) kerted your (singular, informal) garden |
a (te) kertjeid your (singular, informal) gardens | |
| 3rd person and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) kertje his/her/its garden a (maga/az ön) kertje your (singular, formal) garden |
a(z ő) kertjei his/her/its gardens a (maga/az ön) kertjei your (singular, formal) gardens | |
| Plural possessor | 1st person | a (mi) kertünk our garden |
a (mi) kertjeink our gardens |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (ti) kertetek your (plural, informal) garden |
a (ti) kertjeitek your (plural, informal) gardens | |
| 3rd person (Note: ő is used instead of ők) and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) kertjük their garden a maguk/az önök kertje (!) your (plural, formal) garden |
a(z ő) kertjeik their gardens a maguk/az önök kertjei (!) your (plural, formal) gardens | |
-öm
[edit]| Possessor | Single possession | Multiple possessions | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single possessor | 1st person | a(z én) köröm my circle |
a(z én) köreim my circles |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (te) köröd your (singular, informal) circle |
a (te) köreid your (singular, informal) circles | |
| 3rd person and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) köre his/her/its circle a (maga/az ön) köre your (singular, formal) circle |
a(z ő) körei his/her/its circles a (maga/az ön) körei your (singular, formal) circles | |
| Plural possessor | 1st person | a (mi) körünk our circle |
a (mi) köreink our circles |
| 2nd person (informal) | a (ti) körötök your (plural, informal) circle |
a (ti) köreitek your (plural, informal) circles | |
| 3rd person (Note: ő is used instead of ők) and 2nd person (formal) |
a(z ő) körük their circle a maguk/az önök köre (!) your (plural, formal) circle |
a(z ő) köreik their circles a maguk/az önök körei (!) your (plural, formal) circles | |
References
[edit]- ^ Bugyii vagy bugyijai? (by Márta H. Varga, Édes Anyanyelvünk, vol. XXXVIII, issue 2 (April 2016), p. 17)