-am

See also: Appendix:Variations of "am"

Azerbaijani

Suffix

	preceding vowel
	A / I / O / U	E / Ə / İ / Ö / Ü
postconsonantal	-am	-əm
postvocalic	-yam	-yəm

-am

1. Postconsonantal form of -əm after the vowels A / I / O / U.

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -āmen, variant of -men, a noun-forming suffix.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈam]

Suffix

-am m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ams)

1. (often pejorative) indicates a collectivity

   ‎mosquit (“mosquito”) + ‎-am → ‎mosquitam (“swarm of mosquitos”)

   ‎trast (“piece of junk”) + ‎-am → ‎trastam (“junk”)

Derived terms

Catalan terms suffixed with -am

Related terms

• -im
• -um

Further reading

• “-am”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [am]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: am

Suffix

-am

1. suffix for correlatives of time

Derived terms

• ĉiam (“always”)
• iam (“sometime”)
• kiam (“when”)
• neniam (“never”)
• (nonce) aliam (“(at) another time, sometime else”)
• tiam (“then”)

 

Hungarian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɒm]

Etymology 1

Suffix

-am

2. (possessive suffix) my (first-person singular, single possession)

   ház (“house”) → a házam (“my house”)

Usage notes

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -m is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.

  ‎hajó (“boat”) + ‎-m → ‎a hajóm (“my boat”)

  ‎kocsi (“car”) + ‎-m → ‎a kocsim (“my car”)

  ‎palota (“palace”) + ‎-m → ‎a palotám (“my palace”)

  ‎érme (“coin”) + ‎-m → ‎az érmém (“my coin”)

  -am is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  ‎ház (“house”) + ‎-am → ‎a házam (“my house”)

  -om is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  ‎kor (“age”) + ‎-om → ‎a korom (“my age”)

  -em is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  ‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-em → ‎a kertem (“my garden”)

  ‎fül (“ear”) + ‎-em → ‎a fülem (“my ear”)

  -öm is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  ‎öröm (“joy”) + ‎-öm → ‎az örömöm (“my joy”)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	-am	—
accusative	-amat	—
dative	-amnak	—
instrumental	-ammal	—
causal-final	-amért	—
translative	-ammá	—
terminative	-amig	—
essive-formal	-amként	—
essive-modal	-amul	—
inessive	-amban	—
superessive	-amon	—
adessive	-amnál	—
illative	-amba	—
sublative	-amra	—
allative	-amhoz	—
elative	-amból	—
delative	-amról	—
ablative	-amtól	—
non-attributive possessive - singular	-amé	—
non-attributive possessive - plural	-améi	—

Etymology 2

Suffix

-am

2. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun or a verb to form a noun. A final single -l may become long -ll-.

   ‎áll (“to stand”) + ‎-am → ‎állam (“state”)

   ‎dal (“song”) + ‎-am → ‎dallam (“tune”)

   ‎hoz (“to bring”) + ‎-am → ‎hozam (“yield”)

   ‎tart (“to hold”) + ‎-am → ‎tartam (“span as in lifespan”)

Usage notes

• (noun-forming suffix) Variants:

  -am is added to back-vowel words

  -em is added to front-vowel words

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	-am	-amok
accusative	-amot	-amokat
dative	-amnak	-amoknak
instrumental	-ammal	-amokkal
causal-final	-amért	-amokért
translative	-ammá	-amokká
terminative	-amig	-amokig
essive-formal	-amként	-amokként
essive-modal	-amul	-amokul
inessive	-amban	-amokban
superessive	-amon	-amokon
adessive	-amnál	-amoknál
illative	-amba	-amokba
sublative	-amra	-amokra
allative	-amhoz	-amokhoz
elative	-amból	-amokból
delative	-amról	-amokról
ablative	-amtól	-amoktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	-amé	-amoké
non-attributive possessive - plural	-améi	-amokéi

Possessive forms of -am
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	-amom	-amaim
2nd person sing.	-amod	-amaid
3rd person sing.	-ama	-amai
1st person plural	-amunk	-amaink
2nd person plural	-amotok	-amaitok
3rd person plural	-amuk	-amaik

Derived terms

Hungarian nouns suffixed with -am

See also

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /am/, [ä̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /am/, [äm]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂m (accusative singular of *-éh₂). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic -ѫ (-ǫ).

Suffix

-am

1. accusative feminine singular of -us
2. accusative singular of -a

Etymology 2

A conjugated form of -ō (suffix forming third-conjugation verbs).

Suffix

-am

1. first-person singular present active subjunctive of -ō (third conjugation)

Ojibwe

Final

-am

1. act on by mouth or teeth

Derived terms

• dakwam
• wiikwam

See also

• asham
• -doon

References

• The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/am-final

Suffix

-am

1. A suffix that acts as transitive inanimate verb (vti) class marker

Usage notes

-am appears on Type 2 animate intransitive verbs (vai2).

See also

• -an

References

• Ojibwe People's Dictionary
• Anishinaabemodaa
• Ontario Ministry of Education Resource Guide, Native Languages, p. 51

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əβ̃/, [aβ̃]

Suffix

-am m

1. broad form of -em

   ‎oll (“great, vast”) + ‎-am → ‎ollam (“master, expert”)

Phalura

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-am/

Suffix

-am

1. Oblique plural suffix (with a-declension nouns)

Alternative forms

• -óom (With accent-shifting nouns)
• -éem (With ai-ending nouns)
• -úum (With accent-shifting nouns in Biori)

References

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “-am”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[1], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-am/

Suffix

-am

1. Instrumental suffix (with a-declension nouns)

Alternative forms

• -óom (With accent-shifting nouns)
• -úum (With accent-shifting nouns in Biori)

References

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “-am”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -an, from Latin -ant. Compare Galician and Spanish -an.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɐ̃w̃/

Suffix

-am

1. a suffix indicating the third-person plural present indicative of -ar

   ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-am → ‎amam (“[They] love”)

   ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-am → ‎cantam (“[They] sing”)

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

• -eam (after a slender consonant)

Etymology

From Old Irish -imm. The spelling indicates that the m was broad before the loss of the broad/slender distinction in labial consonants; this pronunciation arose by leveling of this ending with the broad m found in first-person singular prepositional pronouns such as agam, asam, thugam etc. Compare the Ulster pronunciation of Irish -im (first-person singular present indicative and imperative) as /əmˠ/.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /əm/

Suffix

-am

1. first-person singular imperative ending of verbs

Volapük

Suffix

-am

1. Used to form a verbal noun.

Derived terms

Volapük terms suffixed with -am