From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
instrumental case (plural instrumental cases)
- (grammar) A noun case used to express means or agency—and is generally indicated in English by by or with with the objective. Languages that use the instrumental case include Armenian, Serbo-Croatian, Czech, Dyirbal, Georgian, Latvian, Slovene, Polish, Ukrainian, Quechua, Russian, Assamese, Turkish and Sanskrit. Extinct languages that used the instrumental case include Old English, Old Saxon and Old High German.
case to express agency or means
- Armenian: գործիական հոլով (hy) (gorciakan holov), գործիական (hy) (gorciakan)
- Asturian: instrumental, casu instrumental
- Belarusian: тво́рны склон m (tvórny sklon)
- Bulgarian: твори́телен паде́ж m (tvorítelen padéž)
- Carpathian Rusyn: інштрументал m (inštrumental)
- Chechen: коьчалниг дожар (köčalnig dožar)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: 工具格 (zh) (gōngjùgé), 具格 (zh) (jùgé)
- Czech: sedmý pád m, instrumentál (cs) m
- Danish: instrumentalis (da) c
- Dutch: instrumentalis (nl)
- Esperanto: instrumentalo (eo), ila kazo
- Faroese: verkførisfall (fo), tólfall n, amboðsfall n
- Finnish: instrumentaali (fi)
- French: instrumental (fr) m, cas instrumental (fr) m
- Galician: caso instrumental m
- Georgian: მოქმედებითი (ka) (mokmedebiti), მოქმედებითი ბრუნვა (ka) (mokmedebiti brunva), ინსტრუმენტალი (insṭrumenṭali)
- German: Instrumentalis (de) m, Instrumental-Kasus m, Instrumental (de) m, Womit-Fall m
- Greek: οργανική (el) f (organikí), οργανική πτώση f (organikí ptósi)
- Hungarian: eszközhatározó eset (hu), eszközeset, instrumentalis (hu)
- Icelandic: tækisfall (is) n
- Italian: caso strumentale m
- Japanese: 造格 (ja) (ぞうかく, zōkaku), 具格 (ja) (ぐかく, gukaku)
- Kalmyk: бүрдәгч киисквр (bürdägç kiiskvr)
- Kazakh: көмектес септік (kömektes septık)
- Korean: 조격 (ko) (jogyeok)
- Latvian: instrumentālis (lv)
- Lithuanian: įnagininkas (lt) m
- Livonian: instrumentāl
- Malay: kes instrumental
- Middle Persian: ptš
- Mongolian: үйлдэхийн тийн ялгал (üjldexiin tiin jalgal), үйлдэх (mn) (üjldex)
- Norwegian: instrumentalis (no)
- Polish: narzędnik (pl) m
- Portuguese: caso instrumental m, instrumental (pt) m
- Russian: твори́тельный паде́ж (ru) m (tvorítelʹnyj padéž)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: инструментал m
- Roman: instrumental (sh) m
- Slovak: siedmy pád m, inštrumentál (sk) m
- Slovene: orodnik (sl) m
- Spanish: caso instrumental m, instrumental (es) m
- Swedish: instrumentalis (sv)
- Telugu: తృతీయా విభక్తి (tr̥tīyā vibhakti)
- Turkish: araç hâli (tr), araç durumu (tr), enstrümantal (tr)
- Ukrainian: орудний відмінок (orudnyj vidminok)
- Vietnamese: tạo cách
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