-juk
Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Possessive suffix.
Suffix
[edit]-juk
- (possessive suffix) their (third-person plural, single possession)
Usage notes
[edit]- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -uk is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ük is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -juk is added to back-vowel words ending either in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.
- -jük is added to front-vowel words ending either in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.
Declension
[edit]| Inflection (stem in -a-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -juk | — |
| accusative | -jukat | — |
| dative | -juknak | — |
| instrumental | -jukkal | — |
| causal-final | -jukért | — |
| translative | -jukká | — |
| terminative | -jukig | — |
| essive-formal | -jukként | — |
| essive-modal | -jukul | — |
| inessive | -jukban | — |
| superessive | -jukon | — |
| adessive | -juknál | — |
| illative | -jukba | — |
| sublative | -jukra | — |
| allative | -jukhoz | — |
| elative | -jukból | — |
| delative | -jukról | — |
| ablative | -juktól | — |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
-juké | — |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
-jukéi | — |
Etymology 2
[edit]Personal suffix.
Suffix
[edit]-juk
- (personal suffix) Forms the first-person plural present tense of verbs (indicative mood and subjunctive mood, definite conjugation).
- hall (“to hear”) → Nem halljuk, amit mondasz. ― We can’t hear what you are saying.
Usage notes
[edit]- (personal suffix) See harmonic variants in the tables below.
Present tense definite – personal endings
| Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -om | -em | -öm |
| te | 2nd person singular | -od | -ed | -öd |
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular |
-ja | -i | |
| mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -itek | |
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural |
-ják | -ik | |
| See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
Subjunctive/imperative definite – personal endings
| Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| én | 1st person singular | -jam | -jem | |
| te | 2nd person singular | -d | ||
| long form | -jad | -jed | ||
| ő maga / ön |
3rd person singular | -ja | -je | |
| mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -jétek | |
| ők maguk / önök |
3rd person plural | -ják | -jék | |
| See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
| Verb ending | Assimilation rules of -j | |||
| s sz z dz |
The -j assimilates to the verb ending: keres → keress metsz → metssz hoz → hozz edz → eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.) | |||
| st szt |
The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz: fest → fess fáraszt → fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd. | |||
| long vowel + t or consonant + t |
The -j becomes -s: segít → segíts bont → bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd. | |||
| short vowel + t | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s: mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd. | |||