-jék
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Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From -j (subjunctive suffix) + -ék (personal suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-jék
- (personal suffix) Forms the third-person plural subjunctive of verbs (definite conjugation).
- ismétel (“to repeat”) →
- Megkértem őket, hogy ismételjék meg az üzenetet. ― I asked them to repeat the message. (literally, “I asked them that they should repeat…”)
- Kérem, ismételjék meg az üzenetet! (formally addressing multiple persons) ― Please repeat the message.
Usage notes
[edit]- See harmonic variants in the table below.
Subjunctive/imperative definite – personal endings
| Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| én | 1st person singular | -jam | -jem | |
| te | 2nd person singular | -d | ||
| long form | -jad | -jed | ||
| ő maga / ön |
3rd person singular | -ja | -je | |
| mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -jétek | |
| ők maguk / önök |
3rd person plural | -ják | -jék | |
| See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
| Verb ending | Assimilation rules of -j | |||
| s sz z dz |
The -j assimilates to the verb ending: keres → keress metsz → metssz hoz → hozz edz → eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.) | |||
| st szt |
The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz: fest → fess fáraszt → fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd. | |||
| long vowel + t or consonant + t |
The -j becomes -s: segít → segíts bont → bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd. | |||
| short vowel + t | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s: mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd. | |||
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-jék
- (personal suffix, literary, somewhat dated) Forms the third-person singular subjunctive present of verbs ending in -ik (indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes
[edit]- See the harmonic variants in the table below.
Subjunctive/imperative indefinite – personal endings
| Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | ||||
| én | 1st person singular | -jak | -jek | ||
| te | 2nd person singular | -j | |||
| long form | -jál | -jél | |||
| ő maga / ön |
3rd person singular | -jon | -jen | -jön | |
| -ik verbs (optional) | -jék | ||||
| mi | 1st person plural | -junk | -jünk | ||
| ti | 2nd person plural | -jatok | -jetek | ||
| ők maguk / önök |
3rd person plural | -janak | -jenek | ||
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | |||||
| Verb ending | Assimilation rules of -j | ||||
| -s -sz -z -dz |
The -j assimilates to the verb ending: keres → keress metsz → metssz hoz → hozz edz → eddz | ||||
| -st -szt |
The -t is removed; the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz: fest → fess fáraszt → fárassz | ||||
| long vowel + t or consonant + t |
The -j becomes -s: segít → segíts bont → bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss | ||||
| short vowel + t | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s: mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress | ||||