-d
Appearance
See also: Appendix:Variations of "d"
English
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-d
- Alternative form of -ed now only standard with words which end in -e, but historically permissable in all the same places as -ed.
- bone → boned, pirouette → pirouetted, learn → learnd
- An empty suffix, perhaps derived from the past-tense suffix above, added in some dialects to the present tense forms of some words which then add an additional -ed in the past tense.
- Marks ordinals written in digits when the final term of the spelled number is "second" or "third"
- 2d grade; 23d century
Synonyms
[edit]Faroese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse -d, -ð, from Proto-Germanic *-iþō.
Suffix
[edit]-d f (genitive -dar, plural -dir)
Declension
[edit]f2 | singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | -d | -din | -dir | -dirnar |
accusative | -d | -dina | -dir | -dirnar |
dative | -d | -dini | -dum | -dunum |
genitive | -dar | -darinnar | -da | -danna |
Derived terms
[edit]Fula
[edit]Affix
[edit]-d
- (Pulaar) indicates that the action is performed with someone or something
Usage notes
[edit]- placed between the verb stem and the ending
References
[edit]- M. Niang, Pulaar-English English-Pulaar Standard Dictionary, New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From the *mtᴕ̈ second-person personal pronoun of the ancestor language after it was appended to the base word.
Suffix
[edit]-d
- (possessive suffix) your (second-person singular informal, single possession)
- (personal suffix) Second-person singular personal suffix:
- Definite forms of transitive verbs (followed by a linking vowel in indicative present/past and subjunctive moods; with no linking vowel in conditional mood).
- Combined form of a covert (∅) allophone of -j (subjunctive suffix) and the regular suffix -(a/e)d (above), marking the short form of the above person of the definite subjunctive (attached directly to a verb stem).
- Forming conjugated infinitives (here: “for you to do sth”).
- Declined and postpositional forms of the second-person personal pronoun te (“you”).
Usage notes
[edit]- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -d is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -od is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ed is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öd is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- (personal suffix) See variants in the table below.
Subjunctive/imperative definite – personal endings
Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
én | 1st person singular | -jam | -jem | |
te | 2nd person singular | -d | ||
long form | -jad | -jed | ||
ő maga / ön |
3rd person singular | -ja | -je | |
mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -jétek | |
ők maguk / önök |
3rd person plural | -ják | -jék | |
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
Verb ending | Assimilation rules of -j | |||
s sz z dz |
The -j assimilates to the verb ending: keres → keress metsz → metssz hoz → hozz edz → eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite: keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.) | |||
st szt |
The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz: fest → fess fáraszt → fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd. | |||
long vowel + t or consonant + t |
The -j becomes -s: segít → segíts bont → bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd. | |||
short vowel + t | Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s: mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd. |
Etymology 2
[edit]It can be traced back to Proto-Finno-Ugric *-nt.[1]
Suffix
[edit]-d
- (noun-forming suffix) Originally, it was probably a diminutive suffix. In this sense, it is no longer productive. It can be found in place names, given names, and a few other words.
- (verb-forming suffix) A frequentative suffix or denoting the beginning of a process.
- (fraction-forming suffix) Added to a cardinal number to form a fraction. It is used with a linking vowel, see -ad, -od, -ed, -öd.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -d in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Lushootseed
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-d
- denotes an action performed on someone or something else (transitive suffix; allows for a direct complement patient, creating a patient-oriented verb)
Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-d
- Alternative form of -th
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-d
- Alternative form of -the (ordinal suffix)
Ojibwe
[edit]Final
[edit]-d
- act on
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/d-final
Suffix
[edit]-d
- A suffix denoting the third-person singular conjunct form of an animate intransitive verb (vai)
- A suffix denoting the third-person singular conjunct form of an animate intransitive verb with an object (vai+o)
- A suffix denoting the third-person singular conjunct form of a Type 3 inanimate transitive verb (vti3)
- A suffix denoting the third-person singular to first-person singular conjunct form of a transitive animate verb (vta) with Cw ending
See also
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-d
- Suffix to form the past participle of weakly inflected verbs, to be used when the corresponding participle belongs with a common noun in indefinite singular form.
See also
[edit]Categories:
- English lemmas
- English suffixes
- Faroese terms inherited from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese suffixes
- Faroese feminine suffixes
- Fula lemmas
- Fula affixes
- Pulaar
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian diminutive suffixes
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Hungarian terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric
- Lushootseed lemmas
- Lushootseed suffixes
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English suffixes
- Ojibwe finals
- Ojibwe verb finals
- Ojibwe transitive inanimate verb finals
- Ojibwe lemmas
- Ojibwe suffixes
- Ojibwe verb suffixes
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish suffixes