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küzd

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Hungarian

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FWOTD – 11 December 2013

Etymology

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From Proto-Ugric or perhaps from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kᴕ̈śɜ (“competition, game; to compete, play”) [1] + -d (frequentative suffix).[2]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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küzd

  1. (intransitive, reciprocal) to fight (whether literally or figuratively; for something: -ért or against something: ellen; (optionally) with someone or something: -val/-vel)
    Synonyms: harcol, viaskodik
  2. (intransitive) to struggle, to strive (to labour in difficulty)
    • 1861, Imre Madách, The Tragedy of Man (Az ember tragédiája), play, scene 15; English translation by Iain MacLeod:
      Mondottam, ember: küzdj és bízva bízzál!
      Have faith, Adam, and fight the noble fight!
      (Literally: “I’ve spoken, man, strive on and trust a-trusting!”)

Conjugation

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Conjugation of küzd
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. küzdök küzdesz küzd küzdünk küzdötök küzdenek
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. küzdöttem küzdöttél küzdött küzdöttünk küzdöttetek küzdöttek
def. ―
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. küzdeni fog.
archaic
preterite 		indef. küzdék küzdél küzde küzdénk küzdétek küzdének
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. küzd vala, küzdött vala/volt.
archaic future indef. küzdendek küzdendesz küzdend küzdendünk küzdendetek küzdendenek
def. ―
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. küzdenék küzdenél küzdene küzdenénk küzdenétek küzdenének
def. ―
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. küzdött volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. küzdjek küzdj or
küzdjél 		küzdjön küzdjünk küzdjetek küzdjenek
def. ―
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. küzdött légyen
infinitive küzdeni küzdenem küzdened küzdenie küzdenünk küzdenetek küzdeniük
other
forms 		verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
küzdés küzdő küzdött ― küzdve (küzdvén)
Potential conjugation of küzd
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. küzdhetek küzdhetsz küzdhet küzdhetünk küzdhettek küzdhetnek
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. küzdhettem küzdhettél küzdhetett küzdhettünk küzdhettetek küzdhettek
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic
preterite 		indef. küzdheték küzdhetél küzdhete küzdheténk küzdhetétek küzdhetének
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. küzdhet vala, küzdhetett vala/volt.
archaic future indef. küzdhetendek
or küzdandhatok 		küzdhetendesz
or küzdandhatsz 		küzdhetend
or küzdandhat 		küzdhetendünk
or küzdandhatunk 		küzdhetendetek
or küzdandhattok 		küzdhetendenek
or küzdandhatnak
def. ―
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. küzdhetnék küzdhetnél küzdhetne küzdhetnénk küzdhetnétek küzdhetnének
def. ―
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. küzdhetett volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. küzdhessek küzdhess or
küzdhessél 		küzdhessen küzdhessünk küzdhessetek küzdhessenek
def. ―
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. küzdhetett légyen
infinitive (küzdhetni) (küzdhetnem) (küzdhetned) (küzdhetnie) (küzdhetnünk) (küzdhetnetek) (küzdhetniük)
other
forms 		positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
― ― (küzdhetve / küzdhetvén)

or less commonly

Conjugation of küzd
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. küzdök küzdesz küzd küzdünk küzdötök or
küzdtök 		küzdenek
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. küzdtem küzdtél küzdött küzdtünk küzdtetek küzdtek
def. ―
2nd obj
future
Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. küzdeni fog.
archaic
preterite 		indef. küzdék küzdél küzde küzdénk küzdétek küzdének
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. küzd vala, küzdött vala/volt.
archaic future indef. küzdendek küzdendesz küzdend küzdendünk küzdendetek küzdendenek
def. ―
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. küzdenék küzdenél küzdene küzdenénk küzdenétek küzdenének
def. ―
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. küzdött volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. küzdjek küzdj or
küzdjél 		küzdjön küzdjünk küzdjetek küzdjenek
def. ―
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. küzdött légyen
infinitive küzdeni küzdenem küzdened küzdenie küzdenünk küzdenetek küzdeniük
other
forms 		verbal noun present part. past part. future part. adverbial participle causative
küzdés küzdő küzdött ― küzdve (küzdvén)
Potential conjugation of küzd
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal 		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal 		1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal 		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive indica­tive pre­sent indef. küzdhetek küzdhetsz küzdhet küzdhetünk küzdhettek küzdhetnek
def. intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd obj
past indef. küzdhettem küzdhettél küzdhetett küzdhettünk küzdhettetek küzdhettek
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic
preterite 		indef. küzdheték küzdhetél küzdhete küzdheténk küzdhetétek küzdhetének
def. ―
2nd obj
archaic past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. küzdhet vala, küzdhetett vala/volt.
archaic future indef. küzdhetendek
or küzdandhatok 		küzdhetendesz
or küzdandhatsz 		küzdhetend
or küzdandhat 		küzdhetendünk
or küzdandhatunk 		küzdhetendetek
or küzdandhattok 		küzdhetendenek
or küzdandhatnak
def. ―
2nd obj
condi­tional pre­sent indef. küzdhetnék küzdhetnél küzdhetne küzdhetnénk küzdhetnétek küzdhetnének
def. ―
2nd obj
past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. küzdhetett volna
sub­junc­tive sub­junc­tive pre­sent indef. küzdhessek küzdhess or
küzdhessél 		küzdhessen küzdhessünk küzdhessetek küzdhessenek
def. ―
2nd obj
(archaic) past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. küzdhetett légyen
infinitive (küzdhetni) (küzdhetnem) (küzdhetned) (küzdhetnie) (küzdhetnünk) (küzdhetnetek) (küzdhetniük)
other
forms 		positive adjective negative adjective adverbial participle
― ― (küzdhetve / küzdhetvén)

Derived terms

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Compound words

(With verbal prefixes):

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References

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  1. ^ Entry #447 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. ^ küzd in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • küzd in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
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