-ban
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ban"
Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ban/-ben (inessive case suffix)
- Inside a definable space. Question word: hol? (“where?”).
- In a defined period of time. Question word: mikor? (“when?”)
- In some situation or condition. Question word: hogyan? (“how?”)
- csoport (“group”) + -ban → csoportban (“in group”)
- Két csoportban utaztunk. ― We traveled in two groups.
- ruha (“dress”) + -ban → ruhában (“in [a] dress”)
- Ebben a ruhában nem mehetsz el. ― You can't go out in this dress.
- The cause or trigger of something. Question word: miért? (“why? for what reason?”)
- Súlyos betegségben szenved. ― He/she is suffering from a serious illness.
- A nagyapám rákban halt meg. ― My grandfather died of cancer.
- A szülők sírtak örömükben. ― The parents wept with joy.
- In some adverbs.
- általában (“in general, generally, usually”)
- elsősorban (“primarily, mainly, first of all, above all”)
- In some postpositions.
- Érdeklődés hiányában az előadás elmaradt. ― Due to lack of interest, the show was cancelled.
- érdekében (“for the benefit of, in the interest of”)
- következtében (“in consequence of, as a consequence of”)
Usage notes
[edit]- (inessive case suffix) Variants:
- -ban is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á.
- -ben is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-
Hungarian case suffixes
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |
Related terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- Appendix:Hungarian case usage - inessive (-ban/-ben)
- Category:Hungarian terms taking -ban/-ben
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]-ban