-at
Albanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat Bushat.[1] The [-t] as [-s] as both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. Toponym is considered a preservation of Illyrian *-atāi, attested in [Labeatai], [Docleatae], [Autoriatae], [Delmatae].[2] See -të
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at m (-at m)
- used to form toponyms. -ian
References
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)
- forms the masculine singular past participle of verbs whose infinitives end in -ar
Suffix
[edit]-at (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)
- forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “which contains the suffixed noun”
Suffix
[edit]-at m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ats)
- forms nouns, from the names of types of professionals, meaning the position of being that type of professional; -dom
- almirall (“admiral”) + -at → almirallat (“admiralty”)
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “-at”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “-at” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
Czech
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at
- a common ending for many infinitive verbs
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- -at in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate, and the inherited French doublet -é.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at m (plural -ats)
- denotes an action or a result of an action
- assassiner (“to assassinate”) + -at → assassinat (“assassination”)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ é-; in: Jacqueline Picoche, Jean-Claude Rolland, Dictionnaire étymologique du français, Paris 2009, Dictionnaires Le Robert
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate.
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Suffix
[edit]-at n
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From -a- (linking vowel) + -t (causative suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-at
- (causative suffix) Added to a back-vowel verb (or extremely rarely to a noun) to form a verb with a meaning of let or make somebody do something.
Usage notes
[edit]- (causative suffix) Variants:
- -at is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
- -et is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words
- -tat is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
- tisztít (“to clean”) + -tat → tisztíttat (“to have someone clean or to have something cleaned”)
- -tet is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel + t
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Műveltető (faktitív) “Factitive” in Kiefer, Ferenc (ed.). Strukturális magyar nyelvtan 3. Morfológia (“A structural grammar of Hungarian, Vol. 3. Morphology”), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2000.
Etymology 2
[edit]From -a- (linking vowel) + -t (noun-forming suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-at
- (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun, expressing the result of the action or sometimes a more abstract relation (compare -ás/-és).
Usage notes
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]
From -a- (linking vowel) + -t (accusative suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-at (accusative case suffix)
- Forms the accusative case for a certain group of back-vowel nouns and numerals, back-vowel past participles, most back-vowel adjectives, and all back-vowel forms following any other inflectional suffix(es).
- ház (“house”) → Vettem egy házat. ― I bought a house.
- okos (“smart, clever”) → okosat (“smart, clever [acc.]”)
- hány? (“how many”) → hányat? (“how many [acc.]”)
- három (“three”) → hármat (“three [acc.]”)
- ablakok (“windows”) → ablakokat (“windows [acc.]”)
- asztalom (“my desk/table”) → asztalomat (“my desk/table [acc.]”)
- nagyobb (“bigger”) → nagyobbat (“a/the bigger one [acc.]”)
- nyitott (“opened”) → nyitottat (“the opened one [acc.]”)
Usage notes
[edit]- (accusative case suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:
- -t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.
- -ot is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -at is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -et is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öt is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -∅ (zero form), optionally, after possessive suffixes, especially in the singular but sometimes also in the plural (and not infrequently after multiple-possession forms as well), except for the third-person singular (“his/her/its”, -ja/-je) as its omission would not reduce the number of syllables.
- Elviszem a kabátom(at/∅), kabátod(at/∅); kabátunk(at/∅), kabátotok(at/∅), kabátjuk(at/∅); kabátjaim(at/∅) etc.
- I’ll take my coat, your coat; our coat, [plural] your coat, their coat; my coats etc.
- It is also omitted usually from the accusative forms of first- and second-person singular personal pronouns (engem, téged (“me, you”)).
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |
Etymology 4
[edit]From -atik (passive-forming suffix), removing the ending.
Suffix
[edit]-at
- Combining form of -atik (passive-forming suffix) before all inflectional and derivational suffixes, except the dictionary form itself, the indefinite third-person singular present indicative
- elnyomatik (“to be suppressed”) → elnyomatás (“suppression”, being suppressed).
Usage notes
[edit](combining forms of the passive-forming suffix) Variants: -at-, -et-, -tat-, -tet- (from -atik, -etik, -tatik, -tetik), as well as the tautological (doubly suffixed) forms -attat-, -ettet- (from -attatik, -ettetik). See more in the template of the full forms of this suffix.
See also
[edit]Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Italic *-āt, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /at/, [ät̪]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /at/, [ät̪]
Suffix
[edit]-at
- third-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)
Descendants
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-āt
- (poetic, syncopated, rare) third-person singular perfect active indicative of -ō (first conjugation; verbs with the perfect infix -av-)
Descendants
[edit]Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at
- Suffix used to derive the plural and feminine form of certain nouns derived from Arabic.
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix is unproductive.
Derived terms
[edit]Maltese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at
- Alternative form of -iet (noun plural suffix)
Usage notes
[edit]- Regularly used after għ. Otherwise only in exceptional forms, though somewhat commonly after ħ and q.
Northern Sami
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Samic *-ëŋkë.
Suffix
[edit]-at
- Forms adjectives indicating something that is possessed as a characteristic.
- guhkes juolgi (“long leg”) + -at → guhkesjuolggat (“long-legged”)
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection
[edit]Odd, no gradation | ||
---|---|---|
Attributive | -at | |
Nominative | -at | |
Genitive | -aga | |
Attributive | -at | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | -at | -agat |
Accusative | -aga | -agiid |
Genitive | -aga | -agiid |
Illative | -agii | -agiidda |
Locative | -agis | -agiin |
Comitative | -agiin | -agiiguin |
Essive | -agin |
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Samic *-ëtē, from Proto-Uralic *-eta. Related to Finnish -ea/-eä.
Suffix
[edit]-at
- Forms adjectives from stems, without any particular meaning. Often, the more basic stem is an adverb, the adjective's own attributive form, or has fallen out of use altogether.
Usage notes
[edit]- This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Inflection
[edit]Odd, no gradation | ||
---|---|---|
Attributive | — | |
Nominative | -at | |
Genitive | -ada | |
Attributive | — | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | -at | -adat |
Accusative | -ada | -adiid |
Genitive | -ada | -adiid |
Illative | -adii | -adiidda |
Locative | -adis | -adiin |
Comitative | -adiin | -adiiguin |
Essive | -adin |
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at
- Form of the suffix -a used with odd-syllable stems.
Inflection
[edit]Even a-stem, hk-g gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -at | |||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -aga | |||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | -at | -agat | ||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | -aga | -agaid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | -aga | -agaid | ||||||||||||||||||||
Illative | -ahkii | -agaide | ||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | -agas | -again | ||||||||||||||||||||
Comitative | -again | -agaiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
Essive | -ahkan | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at n
- used to form nouns
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at n
- used to form nouns
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “-at” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Possibly from Proto-Germanic *aiwwihtiz, whence Old English āwiht (“anything, something; at all”). The prototype of ek veit-at 'I don't know' would then be Proto-Norse *ek ne wait aiwwihti 'I know not at all', after which *aiwwihti was reduced to -at and ne eventually dropped in a process identical to the origin of French pas (“not”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
[edit]-at
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- at in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
Phalura
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at
- Second person plural suffix
Alternative forms
[edit]- -íit (With e-ending verb stems)
- -óot (With a-ending verb stems)
- -et (Biori)
- -éet (With e-ending verb stems in Biori)
- -áat (With a-ending verb stems in Biori)
References
[edit]- Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “-at”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at m
Declension
[edit]Inanimate declension:
Animate declension:
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- -at in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at m or n (feminine singular -ată, masculine plural -ați, feminine and neuter plural -ate)
- Used with a stem to form the masculine singular past participle of regular -a (first conjugation) verbs.
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
nominative- accusative |
indefinite | -at | -ată | -ați | -ate | |||
definite | -atul | -ata | -ații | -atele | ||||
genitive- dative |
indefinite | -at | -ate | -ați | -ate | |||
definite | -atului | -atei | -aților | -atelor |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Serbo-Croatian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From German -at, first from direct loanwords, and later becoming productive on its own.
Suffix
[edit]-at (Cyrillic spelling -ат)
- Used on nominal and verbal stems of loanwords, rarely of native words, to build nouns of various meanings.
- Denoting a person.
- Denoting a room, building or field.
- Denoting an honor or service.
- Denoting collectivity.
- Denoting things.
- bikarbóna → bikarbònāt
- jod → jòdāt
- separirati → sepàrāt
- Denoting abstract notions.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Babić, Stjepan (2002), Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, Zagreb: HAZU, page(s) 358
Turkish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـات, borrowed from Arabic ـَات (-āt).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at (no longer productive)
- Forms plurals from words of Arabic origin.
- Forms collective nouns.
- Forms nouns referring to fields of knowledge or practice.
References
[edit]- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/ek/%2B%C4%81t”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Volapük
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-at
- Used to indicate an amount
Derived terms
[edit]- Albanian terms derived from Illyrian
- Albanian 1-syllable words
- Albanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Albanian lemmas
- Albanian suffixes
- Albanian masculine suffixes
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan non-lemma forms
- Catalan past participles
- Catalan past participle-forming suffixes
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan suffixes
- Catalan adjective-forming suffixes
- Catalan noun-forming suffixes
- Catalan countable suffixes
- Catalan masculine suffixes
- Czech lemmas
- Czech suffixes
- French terms borrowed from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French doublets
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French suffixes
- French noun-forming suffixes
- French countable nouns
- French masculine suffixes
- German terms borrowed from Latin
- German terms derived from Latin
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German noun-forming suffixes
- German neuter suffixes
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒt
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɒt/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian verb-forming suffixes
- Hungarian noun-forming suffixes
- Hungarian case suffixes
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian combining forms
- Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies
- Hungarian terms with multiple morpheme etymologies
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin suffix forms
- Latin poetic terms
- Latin syncopic forms
- Latin terms with rare senses
- Malay terms borrowed from Arabic
- Malay terms derived from Arabic
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Malay lemmas
- Malay suffixes
- Malay unproductive suffixes
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese suffixes
- Northern Sami terms with IPA pronunciation
- Northern Sami 1-syllable words
- Northern Sami terms inherited from Proto-Samic
- Northern Sami terms derived from Proto-Samic
- Northern Sami lemmas
- Northern Sami suffixes
- Northern Sami adjective-forming suffixes
- Northern Sami odd adjectives
- Northern Sami non-gradating odd adjectives
- Northern Sami terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Northern Sami terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Northern Sami noun-forming suffixes
- Northern Sami even nouns
- Northern Sami even a-stem nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål neuter suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål noun-forming suffixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk neuter suffixes
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse suffixes
- Old Norse terms with usage examples
- Phalura terms with IPA pronunciation
- Phalura lemmas
- Phalura suffixes
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/at
- Rhymes:Polish/at/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish suffixes
- Polish masculine suffixes
- Romanian terms inherited from Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Romanian terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian suffixes
- Romanian adjective-forming suffixes
- Romanian masculine suffixes
- Romanian neuter suffixes
- Romanian suffixes with multiple genders
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from German
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian suffixes
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Turkish/ɑt
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish suffixes
- Volapük lemmas
- Volapük suffixes