-age

See also: Appendix:Variations of "age"

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *-ātos

Latin -ātus

Proto-Italic *-kos

Latin -cus

Latin -icus

Latin -āticus

Latin -āticum

Old French -agebor.

Middle English -age

English -age

From Middle English -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum. Cognates include French -age, Italian -aggio, Portuguese -agem, Spanish -aje, Occitan -atge, Romanian -aj. Doublet of -atic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɪd͡ʒ/, /əd͡ʒ/ (earlier loans and when attached to any non-French roots)
• IPA^(key): /eɪd͡ʒ/ (obsolete in native English; used as spelling pronunciation in India)
• IPA^(key): /ɑːʒ/ (more recent loanwords from French such as massage, mirage, barrage, etc.)

Suffix

-age

1. forming nouns with the sense of collection or appurtenance.

   Synonyms: -ery, -ing

   ‎word + ‎-age → ‎wordage

2. forming nouns indicating a process, action, or a result

   ‎block + ‎-age → ‎blockage

   ‎marry + ‎-age → ‎marriage

   ‎slip + ‎-age → ‎slippage

   ‎shrink + ‎-age → ‎shrinkage

3. forming nouns of a state or relationship

   ‎bond + ‎-age → ‎bondage

   ‎marry + ‎-age → ‎marriage

   ‎parent + ‎-age → ‎parentage

   ‎line + ‎-age → ‎lineage

4. forming nouns indicating a place

   ‎orphan + ‎-age → ‎orphanage

   ‎hermit + ‎-age → ‎hermitage

5. forming nouns indicating a charge, toll, or fee

   ‎post + ‎-age → ‎postage

   ‎broker + ‎-age → ‎brokerage

   ‎cork + ‎-age → ‎corkage

6. forming nouns indicating a rate

   ‎percent + ‎-age → ‎percentage

   ‎mile + ‎-age → ‎mileage

7. forming nouns of a unit of measure.

   ‎volt + ‎-age → ‎voltage

   ‎foot + ‎-age → ‎footage

   ‎tonne + ‎-age → ‎tonnage

   ‎hour + ‎-age → ‎hourage

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -age

Translations

collection or appurtenance

• French: -age (fr) m
• Interlingua: -age
• Portuguese: -agem (pt) f

process, action or result

• Danish: -ing (da) c
• German: -ung (de) f
• Hungarian: -ás, -és
• Middle English: -ing
• Portuguese: -agem (pt) f, -ção (pt) f, -mento (pt) m

state or relationship

• Portuguese: -agem (pt) f, -ção (pt) f

place

• Portuguese: -ato m

charge, toll or fee

• Middle English: -age
• Portuguese: -ágio m

rate

• Portuguese: -agem (pt) f

Anagrams

• G. E. A., EGA, Ega, GAE

Dutch

Etymology

From French -age.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaː.ʒə/

• Audio:

  (file)

Suffix

-age

1. Creates nouns from verbs and from other nouns. It denotes:
   1. action

      ‎kijven (“to altercate, dispute, wrangle”) + ‎-age → ‎kijvage (“squabbling”)

      ‎lekken (“to leak”) + ‎-age → ‎lekkage (“leakage”)

   2. collectivity

      ‎tuig (“rig”) + ‎-age → ‎tuigage (“rigging”)

   3. result of an action

      ‎stellen + ‎-age → ‎stellage

Derived terms

Dutch terms suffixed with -age

Descendants

• → Indonesian: -ase

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French -age, from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum, greatly extended from words like rivage and voyage.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aʒ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑʒ

Suffix

-age m (plural -ages)

1. Forming nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X".
2. Forming nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X".
3. (rare) Forming collective nouns.

Usage notes

• Although the historical suffix has had many applications (e.g. family relationships, locations), it is now restricted primarily to the sense of "action of Xing", and many terms now have little to no connection with the most common uses. This is especially notable of those descended from actual Latin words in -aticus such as fromage and voyage.

Descendants

• → Czech: -áž
• → Dutch: -age
  • → Indonesian: -ase
• → German: -age
• → Romanian: -aj
• → Slovak: -áž

See also

French terms suffixed with -age

German

Alternative forms

• -asche (obsolete or nonstandard)

Etymology

Borrowed from French -age m. Feminised by analogy with the majority of German words in -e, perhaps also with other suffixes of abstract nouns such as -heit and -ung.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaːʒə/

Suffix

-age f (plural -agen)

1. Nominal suffix, rarely productive, mostly restricted to borrowings from French.

Derived terms

German terms suffixed with -age

Interlingua

Alternative forms

• -agi-

Etymology

Borrowed from English -age, French -age, Italian -aggio, Portuguese -agem/Spanish -aje, all ultimately from Latin -āticum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaʒe/, /ˈadʒe/

Suffix

-age

1. forms nouns from nouns, denoting a collection; -age

   ‎folio (“leaf”) + ‎-age → ‎foliage (“foliage”)

   ‎fructo (“fruit”) + ‎-age → ‎fructage (“fruitage”)

Usage notes

• G in this suffix always represents a fricative (or affricate) sound rather than a plosive, i.e. /ˈaʒe/ (or /ˈadʒe/) rather than */ˈaɡe/.
• It takes the form -agi- before o or a.

Derived terms

Category Interlingua terms suffixed with -age not found

References

• Alexander Gode, Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

Japanese

Romanization

-age

1. Rōmaji transcription of あげ

Middle English

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French -age, from Latin -āticum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-ˈaːd͡ʒ(ə)/

Suffix

-age

1. Forms nouns indicating a right or relationship.
2. Forms nouns indicating a charge, toll, or fee.
3. (not productive) Used in nouns taken from Old French indicating actions, results, groups, etc.

Derived terms

Middle English terms suffixed with -age

Descendants

• English: -age
• Scots: -age

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French -age, from Latin -āticum.

Suffix

-age

1. forms nouns with the sense of "action or result of Xing" or, more rarely, "action related to X"
2. forms nouns with the sense of "state of being (a) X"

Derived terms

Middle French terms suffixed with -age

Descendants

• French: -age
  • → Czech: -áž
  • → Dutch: -age
    • → Indonesian: -ase
  • → German: -age
  • → Romanian: -aj
  • → Slovak: -áž
• Norman: -age, -âge

Occitan

Suffix

-age

1. (Mistralian) Alternative form of -atge

Old French

Alternative forms

• -aige
• -aje (rare)

Etymology

From Latin -āticum.

Suffix

-age

1. forms nouns with the sense of 'action or result of'
2. forms nouns with the sense of 'state of being'

Derived terms

Old French terms suffixed with -age

Descendants

• Angevin: -ége, -éje
• Bourguignon: -aige, -eige
• Champenois: -age, -aige, -ège
• Franc-Comtois: -aidge, -aige
• Middle French: -age (see there for further descendants)
• Gallo: -aige
• Lorrain: -èdje, -ège, -êge
• Picard: -åjhe
• Poitevin-Saintongeais: -age, -ajhe
• Walloon: -aedje
• → Medieval Latin: -āgium
• → Middle English: -age
  • English: -age
  • Scots: -age