erat

See also: erät

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay erat, from Proto-Malayic *ərət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həʀət, from Proto-Austronesian *SəʀəC (“to bind tightly; belt”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /əˈrat/ [əˈrat̪̚]
• Rhymes: -at
• Syllabification: e‧rat

Adjective

êrat

1. close, tight

Derived terms

• dieratkan
• dipererat
• erat-erat
• mempererat
• mengeratkan

 

Further reading

• “erat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈe.rat/, [ˈɛrät̪]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈe.rat/, [ˈɛːrät̪]

Verb

erat

1. third-person singular imperfect active indicative of sum

Descendants

• Catalan: era
• Galician: era
• Italian: era
• Portuguese: era
• Spanish: era

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *ərət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həʀət, from Proto-Austronesian *SəʀəC (“to bind tightly; belt”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ərat/
• Rhymes: -rat, -at

Adverb

erat (Jawi spelling ارت)

1. tightly, firmly

   Mereka berpelukan erat-erat.

   They held each other tightly.

Adjective

erat (Jawi spelling ارت)

1. tight, firm

   Saya memegang erat tangan anak saya semasa kami melintasi jalan yang sibuk itu.

   I kept a firm hold of my daughter’s hand as we crossed the busy street.

   Dia berasa selamat dalam pelukannya yang erat.

   She felt safe in his firm embrace.

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pengerat [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
• pengeratan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• keeratan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
• mengerat [agent focus] (meN-)
• mengeratkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• dierat [patient focus] (di-)
• dieratkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• mempererat [causative agent focus] (mempeR-)
• dipererat [causative passive focus] (dipeR-)
• erat-erat [reduplication] (redup)

Descendants

• Indonesian: erat

Further reading

• “erat” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

Swedish

Pronoun

erat n

1. (informal) neuter singular of eran

Usage notes

Common in speech.

Declension

Swedish personal pronouns

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
					common	neuter	plural
singular	first	—	jag	mig, mej3	min	mitt	mina
	second	—	du	dig, dej3	din	ditt	dina
	third	masculine (person)	han	honom, han2, en5	hans
		feminine (person)	hon	henne, na5	hennes
		gender-neutral (person)1	hen	hen, henom7	hens
		common (noun)	den	den	dess
		neuter (noun)	det	det	dess
		indefinite	man or en4	en	ens
		reflexive	—	sig, sej3	sin	sitt	sina
plural	first	—	vi	oss	vår, våran2	vårt, vårat2	våra
	second	—	ni	er	er, eran2, ers6	ert, erat2	era
		archaic	I	eder	eder, eders6	edert	edra
	third	—	de, dom3	dem, dom3	deras
		reflexive	—	sig, sej3	sin	sitt	sina

¹Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, though it remains limited.

²Informal

³Colloquial pronunciation spelling.

⁴Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.

⁵Informal, somewhat dialectal

⁶Formal address

⁷Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council

Anagrams

• aret, reat, reta, trea

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish [Term?], equivalent to er (“soldier”) +‎ -at

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /eˈɾɑt/, [e̞ˈɾ̞ɑt̪]
• Rhymes: -ɑt
• Hyphenation: e‧rat

Noun

erat (definite accusative eratı, uncountable)

1. (military) collective name given to soldiers
2. (obsolete) nominative plural of er

References

• “erat”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “erat”, in Nişanyan Sözlük