-ate

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ate"

English

Pronunciation

(adjectives, nouns) IPA^(key): /ət/
(verbs, adjectives, nouns, chemistry) IPA^(key): /eɪt/
Audio (US): (file)

Etymology 1

From the Latin perfect passive participle suffixes of first conjugation verbs -ātus, -āta, and -ātum. In Middle English, it was written -at (then desolat for current desolate). Doublet of -ee and -ed.

Suffix

-ate

forms adjectives with meaning "having the specified thing"
Synonyms: -ed, -ous

lobate — “having lobes, lobed”
forms adjectives with meaning "characterized by the specified thing"
Italianate — “characterized by Italian features”
forms adjectives with meaning "resembling the specified thing"
palmate — “resembling the palm”

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ate (adjective)

Translations

having property

Esperanto: -ulo (eo) (person or zoology)
French: -âtre (fr)
Galician: -ado (gl) m, -ada f
Latin: -atus m
Portuguese: -ado (pt) m, -ada (pt) f
Spanish: -ado (es) m, -ada (es) f
Swedish: -ad (sv)

characterized by the specified thing

Esperanto: -ulo (eo) (person or zoology)
Portuguese: -ado (pt) m, -ada (pt) f
Spanish: -ado (es) m, -ada (es) f
Swedish: -sk

resembling the specified thing

Portuguese: -ado (pt)

Etymology 2

See Etymology 1. Its use as a verbal suffix started in the 16th century, when the loss of most verbal morphology made verbs formally identical to adjectives. This led to numerous adjectives in -ate, originally borrowed from the past passive participle stem of first conjugation Latin verbs, being used as verbs.^[1] See also dissect, exhaust, erase and applause (when older applaud). Compare Basque -tu.

Suffix

-ate

derives verbs from Latin stems of various lexical categories
formulate ← fōrmula

masturbate ← masturbor

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ate (verb)

Related terms

Etymology 3

From the substantivation of past participles from first conjugation Latin verbs; see Etymology 1. It grew to popularity after its morphological revival in French during the 14th century, where past participle-inherited substantives began to be Latinized (see French avoué and its re-Latinized version, avocat. Compare also English advocate with further re-Latinization). The older -é (avoué, employé) gave English -ee (employee).

Suffix

-ate

(rare) forms nouns meaning "person or thing that is the object or subject of that performed verb"
Synonym: -ee

affiliate — “a person having been affiliated, affiliated”

graduate — “a person having graduated, graduated”
(biology) forms nouns meaning "specimen of a corresponding taxon ending in -ata"
articulate — “An animal of the subkingdom Articulata”

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ate (substantive)

Translations

substantive

French: -é (fr)

Etymology 4

From the substantivation of past participles from first conjugation Latin verbs; see Etymology 1. Used so to denote a product having been subjected to the said chemical and thus derived by it (e.g. plumbum acētātum (“acetated lead”) → acetate (“an acetated product; a salt or ester of acetic acid”)).

Suffix

-ate

(chemistry) forms derivatives of specified elements or compounds; especially salts or esters of an acid whose name ends in -ic
acetate — “a salt or ester of acetic acid”

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ate (chemical)

Translations

chemical derivative

French: -ate (fr)
Hindi: -ईय (-īya)
Hungarian: -át
Irish: -áit
Malay: -at
Polish: -an (pl) m
Portuguese: -ato m
Spanish: -ato (es) m
Swedish: -at (sv)
Swedish: -at (sv)
Turkish: -at
Welsh: -ad m

Etymology 5

From the Latin abstract-noun-forming suffix -ātus, -ātūs.

Suffix

-ate

forms nouns denoting a rank or office
emirate — “the office of an emir”
forms nouns denoting the concrete charge, context of a rank or office
emirate — “the realm of an emir”
forms nouns denoting a group of officials associated with a rank or office
triumvirate — “an official group of three men, triumvirs”
forms nouns denoting a social or political system ruled by people or someone of a certain rank or office
patriarchate — “a social system in which heads of household (patriarchs) hold the power”
forms nouns denoting a state (government) ruled by people or someone of a certain rank or office
emirate — “a state ruled by an emir”
forms nouns denoting a state associated with one's social situation
celibate — “the state of being a bachelor, celibacy”

Synonym: -cy

Derived terms

English terms suffixed with -ate (rank or office)

Translations

a rank or office

French: -at (fr)
Interlingua: -ato
Portuguese: -ato m, -ado (pt) m
Spanish: -ato (es) m, -ado (es) m
Welsh: -aeth (cy) f, -iaeth (cy) f

Anagrams

eta, æt., eat, Tea, AET, aet, tea, a.e.t., ETA, aet., TEA

References

^ James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “-ate, suffix³”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume I (A–B), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 532, column 2.

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /at/
Audio: (file)

Suffix

-ate m (plural -ates)

(chemistry, in nouns) -ate
‎benzo- (“benzo-”) + ‎-ate → ‎benzoate (“benzoate”)

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈa.te/
Rhymes: -ate
Hyphenation: -à‧te

Etymology 1

Feminine plural of -ato. From Latin -ātās, feminine accusative plural of -ātus.

Suffix

-ate f pl (non-lemma form of past participle-forming suffix)

used with a suffix to form the feminine plural past participle of regular -are verbs

Suffix

-ate f (proper noun-forming suffix)

common suffix of various towns in Lombardy, that usually indicates belonging to a person or a family

Etymology 2

From Latin -ātis (second-person plural present active indicative ending). The imperative comes from Latin -ate.

Suffix

-ate (non-lemma form of verb-forming suffix)

used with a stem to form the second-person plural present and imperative of regular -are verbs

Anagrams

-eta, -età, eta, età

Japanese

Romanization

-ate

Rōmaji transcription of あて

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.te/, [ˈäːt̪ɛ]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.te/, [ˈäːt̪e]

Etymology 1

Suffix

-āte

second-person plural present active imperative of -ō (first conjugation)

Etymology 2

Suffix

-āte

vocative masculine singular of -ātus

Ojibwe

Final

-ate

be or be in an interior space, room, house

Related terms

ate (“be (in a certain place)”)

References

The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/ate-final

Romanian

Etymology

Feminine plural of -at; from Latin -ātae, feminine nominative plural of -ātus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈa.te/

Suffix

-ate (masculine singular -at, feminine singular -ată, masculine plural -ați)

used with a stem to form the feminine plural past participle of regular -a (first conjugation) verbs. (e.g. lăsate, măsurate, etc.)

Derived terms

Category Romanian terms suffixed with -ate not found

[1] James A. H. Murray et al., editors (1884–1928), “-ate, suffix³”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volume I (A–B), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 532, column 2.

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