-∅

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See also: , ∅-, and -∅-

Translingual

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Suffix

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-∅

  1. (linguistic morphology) Representation of the zero suffix.

See also

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Alutor

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Suffix

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-∅

  1. A zero suffix that is the absence of the imperfective suffix -ткы- marks the perfective aspect.
    тысаюткык (тысаю-ткы-к)
    I am drinking tea
    тысаюк (тысаю-Ø-к)
    I drank tea
  2. A zero suffix that is the absence of a nominal ending such as -ӈа or -ын.
    вала (вала-Ø)
    "knife"
    ӄылавул (ӄылавулa-Ø)
    "husband"

See also

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References

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Estonian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Finnic *-n. Cognate with Finnish -n.

Suffix

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-∅ (not represented in writing)

  1. A zero suffix.
    1. The genitive singular ending for nominals.

Usage notes

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Although the original Proto-Finnic suffix becomes silent due to historic sound changes, formation of genitive case remains unpredictable and depends on declension types, although it always ends in a vowel. These include no addition, additions of vowels or sometimes with consonants, syncope, deletion, and also often involves consonant and vowel length gradation. See more at Appendix:Estonian nominal inflection.

Finnish

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Etymology 1

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Unmarked.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-∅ (not represented in writing)

  1. A zero suffix.
    1. The nominative singular ending for nominals.
    2. The third-person singular ending for past tense verbs.
    3. The positive degree ending for adjectives.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Finnic *-k, from Proto-Uralic *-k (lative suffix).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-∅ (not represented in writing)

  1. The k-lative suffix.
Usage notes
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Attached to the weak-grade stem.

Derived terms
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German

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Etymology 1

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Apocope of the final vowel in the nominative singular form.

Suffix

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-∅ (not represented in writing)

  1. Alternative form of -e (deriving personal nouns)
    Latin catholicusKatholik (compare Kathole with -e)
Declension
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See -e.

Etymology 2

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Apocope of -e (dative singular ending).

Suffix

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-∅ (not represented in writing)

  1. used to form the dative of strong masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable
    Synonym: (chiefly archaic) -e
    das Haus → dem Haus, (archaic or poetic) dem Hause (but usually with -e in zu Hause and aus dem Hause)

Hungarian

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Suffix

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-∅

  1. (linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:
    1. third-person singular indefinite form of verbs in the indicative and conditional moods (but not in the subjunctive)
    2. (optionally) a form of the subjunctive/imperative suffix -j in the second-person singular definite short forms of most verbs
    3. at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)
      1. also with a long stem vowel in some sz-stem verbs (tesztégy, veszvégy, viszvígy), though the long form is more common for these verbs
    4. (rare) the second-person singular indicative present at the end of certain verbs (vanvagy and dialectally megymégy)
    5. the nominative singular form of nouns, adjectives, numerals, (present, past, and future) participles, and pronouns
    6. (optionally) the accusative suffix after first- and second-person possessive suffixes, chiefly in the singular, as well as in engem and téged
    7. the positive degree of adjectives

See also

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  • (symbol of omission)

Kalmyk

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Etymology 1

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From the fact that no true third person pronoun existed, so it was not put word-finally like other personal markers such as (-v), (), etc.

Suffix

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-∅

  1. (predicative) Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’
    Synonym: болх (bolx)
  2. (predicative) A third-person singular verbal suffix.
    Эн келнәEn kelnäHe/she/it says

Etymology 2

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Root form of the verb (without the (-x) suffix in the dictionary form).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-∅

  1. Indicates the imperative.
    Кел!Kel!Speak!

Mongolian

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Etymology

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Used where (-i) would imply the palatalization of с (s) to ш (š) or ц (c) to ч (č).

Suffix

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-∅

  1. A zero suffix used in place of Russian -ия (-ija) in loanwords with stems ending in с (s) or ц (c).
    Alternative form: (-i)
    Russian фу́нкция (fúnkcija, function) + ‎-∅ → ‎Mongolian функц (funkc, function)

Derived terms

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Russian

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Suffix

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-∅

  1. Indicates the genitive plural of first-declension and neuter second-declension nouns:
    кни́га (kníga, book) + ‎-∅ → ‎книг (knig, …of [the] books)
    ме́сто (mésto, place) + ‎-∅ → ‎мест (mest, …of [the] places)
  2. Deverbal suffix: (for some verbs)
    выходи́ть (vyxodítʹ, to exit) + ‎-∅ → ‎вы́ход (výxod, exit)

Skolt Sami

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Etymology

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From Proto-Samic *-ō.

Suffix

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-∅

  1. Forms result or action nouns from verbs.

Inflection

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This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

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Category Skolt Sami terms suffixed with -∅ not found