-∅
Translingual
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-∅
- (linguistic morphology) Representation of the zero suffix.
See also
[edit]Alutor
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-∅
- A zero suffix that is the absence of the imperfective suffix -ткы- marks the perfective aspect.
- тысаюткык (тысаю-ткы-к)
- I am drinking tea
- тысаюк (тысаю-Ø-к)
- I drank tea
- A zero suffix that is the absence of a nominal ending such as -ӈа or -ын.
- вала (вала-Ø)
- "knife"
- ӄылавул (ӄылавулa-Ø)
- "husband"
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Verbal affix: Grammatical sketches from the field with Yukari Nagayama
- Nominal ending: Aspects of the Theory of Morphology By Igor Melčuk
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Finnic *-n. Cognate with Finnish -n.
Suffix
[edit]-∅ (not represented in writing)
- A zero suffix.
- The genitive singular ending for nominals.
Usage notes
[edit]Although the original Proto-Finnic suffix becomes silent due to historic sound changes, formation of genitive case remains unpredictable and depends on declension types, although it always ends in a vowel. These include no addition, additions of vowels or sometimes with consonants, syncope, deletion, and also often involves consonant and vowel length gradation. See more at Appendix:Estonian nominal inflection.
Finnish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Unmarked.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-∅ (not represented in writing)
- A zero suffix.
- The nominative singular ending for nominals.
- The third-person singular ending for past tense verbs.
- The positive degree ending for adjectives.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *-k, from Proto-Uralic *-k (lative suffix).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-∅ (not represented in writing)
- The k-lative suffix.
Usage notes
[edit]Attached to the weak-grade stem.
Derived terms
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Apocope of the final vowel in the nominative singular form.
Suffix
[edit]-∅ (not represented in writing)
- Alternative form of -e (“deriving personal nouns”)
- Latin catholicus → Katholik (compare Kathole with -e)
Declension
[edit]See -e.
Etymology 2
[edit]Apocope of -e (“dative singular ending”).
Suffix
[edit]-∅ (not represented in writing)
- used to form the dative of strong masculine and neuter nouns ending in a stressed syllable
Hungarian
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-∅
- (linguistics) A zero suffix, with several functions:
- third-person singular indefinite form of verbs in the indicative and conditional moods (but not in the subjunctive)
- (optionally) a form of the subjunctive/imperative suffix -j in the second-person singular definite short forms of most verbs
- at the end of the short form of the second-person singular indefinite subjunctive/imperative (more common than the long-form ending in -ál/-él)
- (rare) the second-person singular indicative present at the end of certain verbs (van → vagy and dialectally megy → mégy)
- the nominative singular form of nouns, adjectives, numerals, (present, past, and future) participles, and pronouns
- (optionally) the accusative suffix after first- and second-person possessive suffixes, chiefly in the singular, as well as in engem and téged
- the positive degree of adjectives
See also
[edit]- ’ (“symbol of omission”)
Kalmyk
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From the fact that no true third person pronoun existed, so it was not put word-finally like other personal markers such as -в (-v), -ч (-ç), etc.
Suffix
[edit]-∅
- (predicative) Used as a third-person copula, meaning ‘He/she/it/they is/are …’
- Synonym: болх (bolx)
- (predicative) A third-person singular verbal suffix.
Etymology 2
[edit]Root form of the verb (without the -х (-x) suffix in the dictionary form).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-∅
- Indicates the imperative.
- Кел! ― Kel! ― Speak!
Mongolian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Used where -и (-i) would imply the palatalization of с (s) to ш (š) or ц (c) to ч (č).
Suffix
[edit]-∅
Derived terms
[edit]Russian
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-∅
- Indicates the genitive plural of first-declension and neuter second-declension nouns:
- Deverbal suffix: (for some verbs)
Skolt Sami
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Samic *-ō.
Suffix
[edit]-∅
- Forms result or action nouns from verbs.
Inflection
[edit]This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
[edit]- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual suffixes
- mul:Linguistic morphology
- Alutor lemmas
- Alutor suffixes
- Alutor terms with usage examples
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian suffixes
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish suffixes
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Finnish terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German terms with archaic senses
- German poetic terms
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- hu:Linguistics
- Hungarian terms with rare senses
- Kalmyk lemmas
- Kalmyk suffixes
- Kalmyk terms with usage examples
- Kalmyk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mongolian lemmas
- Mongolian suffixes
- Russian lemmas
- Russian suffixes
- Skolt Sami terms inherited from Proto-Samic
- Skolt Sami terms derived from Proto-Samic
- Skolt Sami lemmas
- Skolt Sami suffixes
- Skolt Sami noun-forming suffixes