esd

See also: ESD and Esd.

Hungarian

Etymology

From the es- stem of esik (“to fall”) +‎ -d (frequentative verb-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛʒd]
• Hyphenation: esd
• Rhymes: -ɛʒd

Verb

esd

1. (literary, intransitive, rarely transitive) to implore, to entreat, to plead, to beseech, to beg (someone -tól/-től, for something -ért or accusative)

   Synonyms: könyörög, rimánkodik, esdekel, esedezik, eseng

Conjugation

The transitive usage being rare, its definite forms are rare too.

Conjugation of esd

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	esdek	esdesz	esd	esdünk	esdetek	esdenek
			def.	esdem	esded	esdi	esdjük	esditek	esdik
			2nd obj	esdelek
		past	indef.	esdettem	esdettél	esdett	esdettünk	esdettetek	esdettek
			def.	esdettem	esdetted	esdette	esdettük	esdettétek	esdették
			2nd obj	esdettelek
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. esdeni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	esdék	esdél	esde	esdénk	esdétek	esdének
		def.	esdém	esdéd	esdé	esdénk	esdétek	esdék
		2nd obj	esdélek
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. esd vala, esdett vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	esdendek	esdendesz	esdend	esdendünk	esdendetek	esdendenek
	def.	esdendem	esdended	esdendi	esdendjük	esdenditek	esdendik
	2nd obj	esdendelek
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	esdenék	esdenél	esdene	esdenénk	esdenétek	esdenének
		def.	esdeném	esdenéd	esdené	esdenénk (or esdenők)	esdenétek	esdenék
		2nd obj	esdenélek
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esdett volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	esdjek	esdj or esdjél	esdjen	esdjünk	esdjetek	esdjenek
			def.	esdjem	esdd or esdjed	esdje	esdjük	esdjétek	esdjék
			2nd obj	esdjelek
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esdett légyen
infinitive	esdeni		esdenem	esdened	esdenie	esdenünk	esdenetek	esdeniük
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
	esdés		esdő	esdett	esdendő	esdve (esdvén)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

Potential conjugation of esd

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	esdhetek	esdhetsz	esdhet	esdhetünk	esdhettek	esdhetnek
			def.	esdhetem	esdheted	esdheti	esdhetjük	esdhetitek	esdhetik
			2nd obj	esdhetlek
		past	indef.	esdhettem	esdhettél	esdhetett	esdhettünk	esdhettetek	esdhettek
			def.	esdhettem	esdhetted	esdhette	esdhettük	esdhettétek	esdhették
			2nd obj	esdhettelek
archaic preterite		indef.	esdheték	esdhetél	esdhete	esdheténk	esdhetétek	esdhetének
		def.	esdhetém	esdhetéd	esdheté	esdheténk	esdhetétek	esdheték
		2nd obj	esdhetélek
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. esdhet vala, esdhetett vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	esdhetendek or esdandhatok	esdhetendesz or esdandhatsz	esdhetend or esdandhat	esdhetendünk or esdandhatunk	esdhetendetek or esdandhattok	esdhetendenek or esdandhatnak
	def.	esdhetendem or esdandhatom	esdhetended or esdandhatod	esdhetendi or esdandhatja	esdhetendjük or esdandhatjuk	esdhetenditek or esdandhatjátok	esdhetendik or esdandhatják
	2nd obj	esdhetendelek or esdandhatlak
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	esdhetnék	esdhetnél	esdhetne	esdhetnénk	esdhetnétek	esdhetnének
		def.	esdhetném	esdhetnéd	esdhetné	esdhetnénk (or esdhetnők)	esdhetnétek	esdhetnék
		2nd obj	esdhetnélek
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esdhetett volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	esdhessek	esdhess or esdhessél	esdhessen	esdhessünk	esdhessetek	esdhessenek
			def.	esdhessem	esdhesd or esdhessed	esdhesse	esdhessük	esdhessétek	esdhessék
			2nd obj	esdhesselek
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esdhetett légyen
infinitive	(esdhetni)		(esdhetnem)	(esdhetned)	(esdhetnie)	(esdhetnünk)	(esdhetnetek)	(esdhetniük)
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
	esdhető			esdhetetlen		(esdhetve / esdhetvén)

or

Conjugation of esd

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	esdek	esdesz	esd	esdünk	esdetek or esdtek	esdenek
			def.	esdem	esded	esdi	esdjük	esditek	esdik
			2nd obj	esdelek
		past	indef.	esdtem	esdtél	esdett	esdtünk	esdtetek	esdtek
			def.	esdtem	esdted	esdte	esdtük	esdtétek	esdték
			2nd obj	esdtelek
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. esdeni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	esdék	esdél	esde	esdénk	esdétek	esdének
		def.	esdém	esdéd	esdé	esdénk	esdétek	esdék
		2nd obj	esdélek
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. esd vala, esdett vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	esdendek	esdendesz	esdend	esdendünk	esdendetek	esdendenek
	def.	esdendem	esdended	esdendi	esdendjük	esdenditek	esdendik
	2nd obj	esdendelek
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	esdenék	esdenél	esdene	esdenénk	esdenétek	esdenének
		def.	esdeném	esdenéd	esdené	esdenénk (or esdenők)	esdenétek	esdenék
		2nd obj	esdenélek
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esdett volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	esdjek	esdj or esdjél	esdjen	esdjünk	esdjetek	esdjenek
			def.	esdjem	esdd or esdjed	esdje	esdjük	esdjétek	esdjék
			2nd obj	esdjelek
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esdett légyen
infinitive	esdeni		esdenem	esdened	esdenie	esdenünk	esdenetek	esdeniük
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
	esdés		esdő	esdett	esdendő	esdve (esdvén)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

Potential conjugation of esd

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	esdhetek	esdhetsz	esdhet	esdhetünk	esdhettek	esdhetnek
			def.	esdhetem	esdheted	esdheti	esdhetjük	esdhetitek	esdhetik
			2nd obj	esdhetlek
		past	indef.	esdhettem	esdhettél	esdhetett	esdhettünk	esdhettetek	esdhettek
			def.	esdhettem	esdhetted	esdhette	esdhettük	esdhettétek	esdhették
			2nd obj	esdhettelek
archaic preterite		indef.	esdheték	esdhetél	esdhete	esdheténk	esdhetétek	esdhetének
		def.	esdhetém	esdhetéd	esdheté	esdheténk	esdhetétek	esdheték
		2nd obj	esdhetélek
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. esdhet vala, esdhetett vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	esdhetendek or esdandhatok	esdhetendesz or esdandhatsz	esdhetend or esdandhat	esdhetendünk or esdandhatunk	esdhetendetek or esdandhattok	esdhetendenek or esdandhatnak
	def.	esdhetendem or esdandhatom	esdhetended or esdandhatod	esdhetendi or esdandhatja	esdhetendjük or esdandhatjuk	esdhetenditek or esdandhatjátok	esdhetendik or esdandhatják
	2nd obj	esdhetendelek or esdandhatlak
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	esdhetnék	esdhetnél	esdhetne	esdhetnénk	esdhetnétek	esdhetnének
		def.	esdhetném	esdhetnéd	esdhetné	esdhetnénk (or esdhetnők)	esdhetnétek	esdhetnék
		2nd obj	esdhetnélek
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esdhetett volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	esdhessek	esdhess or esdhessél	esdhessen	esdhessünk	esdhessetek	esdhessenek
			def.	esdhessem	esdhesd or esdhessed	esdhesse	esdhessük	esdhessétek	esdhessék
			2nd obj	esdhesselek
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esdhetett légyen
infinitive	(esdhetni)		(esdhetnem)	(esdhetned)	(esdhetnie)	(esdhetnünk)	(esdhetnetek)	(esdhetniük)
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
	esdhető			esdhetetlen		(esdhetve / esdhetvén)

Related terms

• esedezik
• eseng
• (indirectly, via the obsolete esdek) esdekel

Further reading

• esd in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• esd in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).