esik

See also: eşik and esik-

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Ugric *eskä-, from Proto-Uralic *ećɜ- (“to fall”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛʃik]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: esik
• Rhymes: -ɛʃik

Verb

esik

1. (intransitive) to fall

   Synonyms: leesik, hullik, lehullik, pottyan, zuhan

   Active-voice counterpart: ejt

   A kenyér a vajas felére esett. ― The [slice of] bread fell on its buttered side.

2. (intransitive, normally supplemented with the name of the precipitation) to rain, to snow

   Synonyms: (of rain) zuhog, (of rain) szakad, (of snow) hull

   Esik az eső. ― It is raining. (literally, “The rain is falling.”)

   Esik a hó. ― It is snowing. (literally, “The snow is falling.”)

   Esik még? (depending on context) ― Is it still raining/snowing?

3. (intransitive) to fall somewhere, to happen to be at some place or time (of an event on some day of the week or month or the stress on a particular syllable)

   Synonyms: van, jut

   Idén péntekre esik a születésnapom. ― My birthday falls on a Friday this year.

4. (intransitive) to go down, to tumble, to drop, drop off, drop away (e.g. price or popularity)

   Synonyms: csökken, süllyed, apad, hanyatlik, zuhan

5. (intransitive) to (happen to) be found, to lie, to be situated somewhere

   Synonyms: fekszik, található

   Távol esik tőlünk a színház. ― The theater happens to be a long way away from our place.

6. (intransitive) to fall into or get into a situation (e.g. falling victim to someone or something)

   Synonyms: lesz, kerül

7. (intransitive) to fall or belong within the scope, force, power, or effect of something, to be subject or liable to some regulation or jurisdiction

   Synonym: tartozik

8. (intransitive) to be affected, to feel in some way (with -nak/-nek for the person affected)

   Hogy esne neked, ha…? ― How would you like/feel if …?

   Jólesett az ebéd. ― approx. The lunch felt/was good.

9. (intransitive) to happen, to come about

   Synonyms: megesik, történik

   Úgy esett, hogy … ― It happened that …

10. (intransitive) to attack, assail (with -nak/-nek)

    Synonyms: támad, megtámad, rátámad, ront, nekiront, ráront

Conjugation

Conjugation of esik

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	esem or esek	esel	esik	esünk	estek	esnek
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	estem	estél	esett	estünk	estetek	estek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. esni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	esék or esém	esél	ese or esék	esénk	esétek	esének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. esik vala, esett vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	esendek (or esendem)	esendesz (or esendel)	esend (or esendik*)	esendünk	esendetek	esendenek
	def.	―
	2nd obj
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	esnék (or esném)	esnél	esne (or esnék*)	esnénk	esnétek	esnének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. esett volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	essek  or essem	ess or essél	essen or essék	essünk	essetek	essenek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. esett légyen
infinitive	esni		esnem	esned	esnie	esnünk	esnetek	esniük
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
	esés		eső	esett	esendő	esve (esvén)		ejt

Potential conjugation of esik

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	eshetek (or eshetem)	eshetsz (or eshetel)	eshet (or eshetik)	eshetünk	eshettek	eshetnek
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	eshettem	eshettél	eshetett	eshettünk	eshettetek	eshettek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
archaic preterite		indef.	esheték or eshetém	eshetél	eshete or esheték	esheténk	eshetétek	eshetének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. eshet vala, eshetett vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	eshetendek or esandhatok (or eshetendem or esandhatom)	eshetendesz or esandhatsz (or eshetendel or esandhatol)	eshetend or esandhat (or eshetendik or esandhatik*)	eshetendünk or esandhatunk	eshetendetek or esandhattok	eshetendenek or esandhatnak
	def.	―
	2nd obj
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	eshetnék (or eshetném)	eshetnél	eshetne (or eshetnék*)	eshetnénk	eshetnétek	eshetnének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. eshetett volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	eshessek or eshessem	eshess or eshessél	eshessen or eshessék	eshessünk	eshessetek	eshessenek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. eshetett légyen
infinitive	(eshetni)		(eshetnem)	(eshetned)	(eshetnie)	(eshetnünk)	(eshetnetek)	(eshetniük)
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
	―			―		(eshetve / eshetvén)

Derived terms

• esemény
• esernyő
• eset
• esetlen
• esés
• eshetőség
• esküszik (or (rarely) esküdik)
• eső

(With verbal prefixes):

• átesik
• beesik
• beleesik
• elesik
• felesik
• ideesik
• kiesik
• leesik
• megesik
• odaesik
• összeesik
• ráesik
• szétesik
• visszaesik

Compound words

• jólesik
• kétségbeesik
• rosszulesik
• talpraesett

Expressions

• akár esik, akár fúj
• ágynak esik
• áldozatul esik
• baja esik
• bűnbe esik
• csapdába esik
• esik a hó
• esni fog
• félreértés ne essék
• foglyul esik
• hanyatt esik
• kézre esik
• kútba esik
• nehezére esik
• nem esik messze az alma a fájától
• teherbe esik
• térdre esik
• tisztesség ne essék szólván
• útba esik

Further reading

• esik in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• esik in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).