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霧

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 露 and 雾
霧 U+9727, 霧
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9727
← 霦
[U+9726] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 霨 →
[U+9728]

Translingual

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Han character

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霧 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一月弓竹尸 (MBNHS), four-corner 10227, composition ⿱雨務)

Derived characters

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See also

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1377, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42418
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4074, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+9727

Chinese

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trad. 霧
simp. 雾
alternative forms 雺
霚
霿

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (矛) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
堥 *muː, *mu
蓩 *muːʔ, *moːɡ
猱 *ml'uː, *mljiwʔ, *ml'us
茅 *mruː
罞 *mruː, *muːŋ
蝥 *mruː, *mu, *mo, *moɡs
鶜 *mruː
瞀 *moːɡs, *mroːɡ
愗 *moːɡs
袤 *mus
雺 *mus, *mu, *muːŋ, *muːŋs
懋 *mus
楙 *mus
矛 *mu
蟊 *mu
髳 *mu, *muːŋ
鍪 *mu
鞪 *mu, *moːɡ
糅 *ml'us
腬 *ml'us, *mlju
柔 *mlju
揉 *mju
蹂 *mju, *mjuʔ, *mjus
鍒 *mju
騥 *mju
蝚 *mju
葇 *mju, *mjuʔ
鞣 *mju, *mjus
鰇 *mju
瑈 *mju
鶔 *mju
楺 *mjuʔ
煣 *mjuʔ, *mjus
輮 *mjuʔ, *mjus
韖 *mjuʔ
敄 *moʔ, *mos
務 *moɡs
鶩 *moɡs, *moːɡ
騖 *moɡs
婺 *moɡs
霚 *moɡs, *moːŋ
嵍 *moɡs
霧 *moɡs, *moːŋ
霿 *moːŋ, *moːŋs
楘 *moːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *moɡs, *moːŋ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 務 (OC *moɡs).

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *muːŋ ~ r/s-muːk (“foggy; dark; sullen; menacing; thunder”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007) or its allofam *r-məw (“sky; heavens; clouds”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྨུ་བ (rmu ba, “fog”), རྨུགས་པ (rmugs pa, “dense fog”), Burmese မြူ (mru, “minute particle; haze; fog”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • mū - verncular;
  • ū - literary.
Note:
  • u5 - vernacular;
  • u4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 霧
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 虞 (24)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 亡遇切
    Baxter mjuH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mɨoH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/mioH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/mioH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/muə̆H/
    Li
    Rong         		/mioH/
    Wang
    Li         		/mĭuH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/mi̯uH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		mou6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 霧
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mjuH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kə.m(r)[o]k-s/
    English fog, mist

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 霧
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 8856
    Phonetic
    component         		矛
    Rime
    group         		竇
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		務
    Old
    Chinese         		/*moɡs/
    Notes 見爾雅，說文作霚

    Definitions

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    霧

    1. fog; mist
    2. vapour; fine spray
    3. (Hokkien) blurry
    4. (Internet slang) A particle placed at the end of a sentence to indicate that the poster is joking. (used with parentheses)
    Synonyms
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    Dialectal synonyms of 霧 (“fog”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 霧, 霧氣, 霧靄
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 霧, 霧氣
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 霧
    Taiwan 霧
    Harbin 霧
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 霧
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 霧, 霧露
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 霧
    Wanrong 霧
    Xi'an 霧, 霧氣
    Xining 霧, 霧氣
    Xuzhou 霧
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 霧
    Lanzhou 霧, 霧氣
    Ürümqi 霧
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 霧, 霧罩, 霧氣
    Wuhan 霧
    Guiyang 霧罩, 雲霧
    Guilin 霧
    Liuzhou 霧, 霧水
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 霧
    Yangzhou 霧
    Hefei 霧
    Cantonese Guangzhou 霧
    Hong Kong 霧
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 霧
    Macau 霧
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 霧
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 霧
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 霧
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 霧, 大頭霧
    Foshan 霧
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 霧
    Foshan (Shunde) 霧
    Foshan (Sanshui) 霧
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 霧
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 霧
    Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 霧
    Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 霧
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 霧
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 霧
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 霧
    Taishan 霧
    Kaiping (Chikan) 霧
    Enping (Niujiang) 霧
    Heshan (Yayao) 霧
    Dongguan 霧, 霧水
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 霞霧
    Yangjiang 霧
    Danzhou 霧露
    Gan Nanchang 霧
    Lichuan 濛, 霧
    Pingxiang 霧露, 霧
    Hakka Meixian 霧, 濛沙
    Xingning 濛沙
    Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 霧
    Huidong (Daling) 霧, 濛霧
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 濛霞
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 濛露
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 霧
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 濛沙
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 沙霧
    Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 露
    Changting 濛沙
    Wuping 濛沙
    Wuping (Pingyu) 濛沙
    Liancheng 濛沙
    Ninghua 露
    Yudu 霧露
    Ruijin 濛沙
    Shicheng 濛
    Shangyou (Shexi) 濛露
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 濛沙煙
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 濛沙煙
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 濛煙
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 濛沙煙, 濛煙
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 濛沙煙, 濛煙
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 濛
    Huizhou Jixi 霧
    Jin Taiyuan 霧
    Xinzhou 霧
    Northern Min Jian'ou 露
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 雺
    Southern Min Xiamen 霧, 雺
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 雺霧
    Kaohsiung 霧
    Yilan 霧
    Changhua (Lukang) 霧
    Taichung 霧, 雺
    Tainan 霧
    Hsinchu 霧
    Kinmen 霧
    Penghu (Magong) 霧
    Manila (Hokkien) 霧
    Chaozhou 霧
    Leizhou 霧
    Wenchang 霧
    Haikou 霧
    Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 霧
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 霧
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 罩子
    Wu Shanghai 霧, 霧露, 迷霧
    Shanghai (Chongming) 迷露
    Suzhou 迷露
    Danyang 霧
    Hangzhou 霧露
    Ningbo 霧露
    Wenzhou 幔, 幔露
    Jinhua 霧
    Jinhua (Tangxi) 霧露
    Xiang Changsha 霧, 罩子, 罩
    Loudi 霧, 罩子 thick
    Shuangfeng 霧, 霧罩, 霧罩子

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Etymology 2

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    trad. 霧
    simp. 雾
    alternative forms 潕／𣲘
    𫝞

    Pronunciation

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    Definitions

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    霧

    1. (Hokkien, Teochew) to spray; to spit (a liquid, often after keeping the liquid in one's mouth)
      Synonyms: 浡, 噴 / 喷, 濺 / 溅, 𫝺, 澍
      含血霧天 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
      含血雾天 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
      kâm hoeh bū thiⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      to slander people with false accusations
    2. (Hokkien) to gush upwards; to overflow from a container
      Synonyms: 浡, 泏, 溢, sōe-teⁿ
      燃滾水的時，鼎蓋若無掀開，滾水就會霧出來。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
      燃滚水的时，鼎盖若无掀开，滚水就会雾出来。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]
      Hiâⁿ kún-chúi ê sî, tiáⁿ-kòa nā bô hian--khui, kún-chúi tiō ē bū--chhut-lâi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      When boiling water, if the lid is not lift, the water will overflow.

    Usage notes

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    • (first definition): For the subtle difference between the synonyms, please refer to the usage notes of 澍.
    • (second definition): 霧 / 雾 usually means overflowing due to boiling; 泏 usually means overflowing due to shaking; sōe-teⁿ means dribbling at a spout when it is nearly stopped up; 溢 is used in a general sense.

    References

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    Etymology 3

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    trad. 霧
    simp. 雾

    Pronunciation

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    Definitions

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    霧

    1. (Northern Min) Alternative form of 露 (“fog; mist”)

    Etymology 4

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 霧 – see 霿 (“gloomy; dim; overcast; fog; etc.”).
    (This character is a variant form of 霿).

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    霧

    (Jōyō kanji)

    Readings

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    • Go-on: む (mu, Jōyō)
    • Kan-on: ぶ (bu)
    • Kun: きり (kiri, 霧, Jōyō)、きらう (kirau, 霧らう)

    Compounds

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    Etymology

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    The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of 霧る (kiru, “to become foggy”).[1]

    First attested in the sense "breath expelled from a person" in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    霧(きり) • (kiri) 

    1. mist, fog
      • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
        重霧 下奇利
        Heavy fog. The below is to be read ki₁ri.
      • 1999 March 1, “ウォーター・エレメント [Water Element]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
        水(みず)に住(す)んでいる精(せい)霊(れい)。まわりを霧(きり)でつつみこみ視(し)界(かい)を奪(うば)う。
        Mizu ni sundeiru seirei. Mawari o kiri de tsutsumikomi shikai o ubau.
        A spirit who lives in the water. She’ll blind you by surrounding you with mist.
    2. breath expelled from a person
    3. a liquid (e.g. water) that is dispelled into the air like fog
    4. (slang, criminal) dawn; daybreak

    Derived terms

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    See also

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    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 “きり 【霧】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here

    Korean

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    Etymology

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    From Middle Chinese 霧 (MC mjuH). Recorded as Middle Korean 무〯 (mwǔ) (Yale: mwǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Pronunciation

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    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

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    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    霧 (eumhun 안개 무 (an'gae mu))

    1. hanja form? of 무 (“fog; mist”)

    Compounds

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    Compounds

    References

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    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    霧: Hán Nôm readings: vụ, mù

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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