Wiktionary:About Chinese/Jin
Wiktionary uses the following system to transcribe Taiyuan dialect (old-style) of Jin Chinese. See Module:cjy-pron for the codes.
Initials
[edit]| IPA | Transcription | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| /p/ | b | 巴 | |
| /pʰ/ | p | 爬 | |
| /m/ | m | 麻 | |
| /f/ | f | 夫 | |
| /v/ | v | 挖 | |
| /t/ | d | 打 | |
| /tʰ/ | t | 他 | |
| /n/ | n | 拿 | |
| /l/ | l | 拉 | |
| /t͡s/ | z | 渣 | |
| /t͡sʰ/ | c | 查 | |
| /s/ | s | 沙 | |
| /ʐ/ | r | 如 | |
| /t͡ɕ/ | j | 家 | |
| /t͡ɕʰ/ | q | 拤 | |
| /ɕ/ | x | 蝦 | |
| /k/ | g | 嘎 | |
| /kʰ/ | k | 卡 | |
| /x/ | h | 哈 | |
| /ɣ/ | gh | 我 | old-style; = new-style /ŋ/ |
| /ŋ/ | ng | 我 | new-style; = old-style /ɣ/ |
Rhymes
[edit]| IPA | Transcription | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| /z̩/ | i | 知 | only before /t͡s/, /t͡sʰ/, /s/ |
| /i/ | i | 衣 | |
| /u/ | u | 胡 | |
| /y/ | y | 魚 | |
| /əɻ/ | er | 兒 | |
| /a/ | a | 哈 | |
| /ia/ | ia | 牙 | |
| /ua/ | ua | 花 | |
| /ɤ/ | e | 鵝 | |
| /uɤ/ | ue | 和 | |
| /ie/ | ie | 煙 | |
| /ye/ | ye | 冤 | |
| /ai/ | ai | 哀 | |
| /uai/ | uai | 懷 | |
| /ei/ | ei | 給 | |
| /uei/ | ui | 灰 | |
| /au/ | au | 熬 | |
| /iau/ | iau | 妖 | |
| /əu/ | ou | 歐 | |
| /iəu/ | iou | 優 | |
| /æ̃/ | an | 安 | |
| /uæ̃/ | uan | 歡 | |
| /ɒ̃/ | on | 昂 | old-style; = new-style /aŋ/ |
| /iɒ̃/ | ion | 央 | old-style; = new-style /iaŋ/ |
| /uɒ̃/ | uon | 黃 | old-style; = new-style /uaŋ/ |
| /aŋ/ | ang | 昂 | new-style; = old-style /ɒ̃/ |
| /iaŋ/ | iang | 央 | new-style; = old-style /iɒ̃/ |
| /uaŋ/ | uang | 黃 | new-style; = old-style /uɒ̃/ |
| /ə̃ŋ/ | eng | 恩 | |
| /ĩŋ/ | ing | 英 | |
| /ũŋ/ | ung | 轟 | |
| /ỹŋ/ | yng | 雲 | |
| /aʔ/ | ah | 喝 | many merged with /əʔ/ in new-style |
| /iaʔ/ | iah | 鴨 | |
| /uaʔ/ | uah | 滑 | many merged with /uəʔ/ in new-style |
| /əʔ/ | eh | 黑 | |
| /iəʔ/ | ieh | 一 | |
| /uəʔ/ | ueh | 忽 | |
| /yəʔ/ | yeh | 月 |
Erhua
[edit]Erhua is indicated with r after the original rhyme. For the rhyme -e (/ɤ/), an apostrophe is added before the r, i.e. -e'r (/ɤɻ/) to distinguish it from -er (/əɻ/).
Tones
[edit]| Tone name | Tone value | Transcription | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| level | 11 | 1 | 翻 | |
| rising | 53 | 2 | 反 | |
| departing | 45 | 3 | 飯 | |
| dark checked | 2 | 4 | 法 | |
| light checked | 54 | 5 | 罰 | merged with dark checked in new-style |
| neutral |
Tone sandhi
[edit]![{\displaystyle {\text{rising }}[53]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[53]\\{\text{light checked }}[54]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [11]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[53]\\{\text{light checked }}[54]\end{Bmatrix}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a39c283e65ce2b50debde270323bd4d0b9e9d3de)
![{\displaystyle {\text{dark checked }}[2]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{level }}[11]\\{\text{dark checked }}[2]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [54]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{level }}[11]\\{\text{dark checked }}[2]\end{Bmatrix}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2079d57c658172868b3c04ae810104ed75106e2b)
![{\displaystyle {\text{dark checked }}[2]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[53]\\{\text{light checked }}[54]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [45]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[53]\\{\text{light checked }}[54]\end{Bmatrix}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/146d7ab28276ee1a8b3d5c82664312321d30c653)
![{\displaystyle {\text{light checked }}[54]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[53]\\{\text{departing }}[45]\end{Bmatrix}}\to [2]+{\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{rising }}[53]\\{\text{departing }}[45]\end{Bmatrix}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c249b2e3cd77511b892ae38a873a1397f29df009)
![{\displaystyle {\text{reduplicated level }}[11]\to [11]+[45]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bcc664b40f1a15c0d6e23f677aa0c8069ea9a39a)
![{\displaystyle {\text{reduplicated rising }}[53]\to [53]+[11]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/6be9b0a7fa5ce6f82b2db2084f0f2defddcabc4a)
![{\displaystyle {\text{reduplicated departing }}[45]\to [45]+[53]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/97432f42fccabbf9878cbe56bda08ac851d1c251)
![{\displaystyle {\text{reduplicated light checked }}[54]\to [54]+[2]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/75ffc649ed6ac03b474411a7e37100c8cc1eaf6f)
![{\displaystyle {\begin{Bmatrix}{\text{dark checked }}[2]\\{\text{light checked }}[54]\end{Bmatrix}}+{\text{erhua}}\to [53]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b6e301d37d4614e55f77c4135afcb70da8904923)
References
[edit]- Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects: Taiyuan dialect
- 崔容, 太原方言新派老派的语音差异