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See also: , 𠬠, and
U+6587, 文
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6587

[U+6586]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6588]
U+2F42, ⽂
KANGXI RADICAL SCRIPT

[U+2F41]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F43]
U+3246, ㉆
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SCHOOL

[U+3245]
Enclosed CJK Letters and Months
[U+3247]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 67, +0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 卜大 (YK), four-corner 00400, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #67, .

Derived characters

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Descendants

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  • 𘱒 (Khitan Small Script)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 477, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13450
  • Dae Jaweon: page 831, character 39
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2169, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6587

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogram (指事) : a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of . The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to . Compare , which has no chest.

Unrelated to the Kangxi radicals and .

Etymology

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Possibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of (*mɯː) "soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal" (Schuessler, 2007).

Semantic shift: "pattern, tattoo (made of soot)", "written glyph (made of ink)" > "literature" > "refined, cultured" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • man4-2 - “writing; (written) language”.
Note: mue2 - only used in the place name 文甲 (originally 門夾).

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /uən³⁵/
Harbin /uən²⁴/
Tianjin /vən⁴⁵/
Jinan /uẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /və̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /uən⁴²/
Xi'an /vẽ²⁴/
Xining /uə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /vəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /və̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /vɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /uən²¹³/
Chengdu /uən³¹/
Guiyang /uen²¹/
Kunming /uə̃³¹/
Nanjing /un²⁴/
Hefei /uən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /vəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /uŋ¹³/
Hohhot /və̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /vəŋ²³/
Suzhou /vən¹³/
Hangzhou /ven²¹³/
Wenzhou /vaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /uʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /uɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /uən¹³/
Xiangtan /uən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /un⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /vun¹¹/
Taoyuan /vun¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mɐn²¹/
Nanning /mɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /mɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bun³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /uŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /uɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /buŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /vun³¹/
/mui³¹/ ~昌

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (4)
Final () (59)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter mjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mɨun/
Pan
Wuyun
/miun/
Shao
Rongfen
/miuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/mun/
Li
Rong
/miuən/
Wang
Li
/mĭuən/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/mi̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
wén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
man4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
wén
Middle
Chinese
‹ mjun ›
Old
Chinese
/*mə[n]/
English ornate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 13015
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*mɯn/

Definitions

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  1. Original form of (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”).
    [Classical Chinese]  ―  wén rú lí [Pinyin]  ―  having a pattern like that of a wild cat
  2. Original form of (wén, “to tattoo”).
      ―  wénshēn  ―  to tattoo
      ―  wénmiàn  ―  face tattoo
  3. writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: c)
      ―  wénzhāng  ―  article, essay
      ―  sǎnwén  ―  prose
    不對題不对题  ―  wénbùduìtí  ―  (of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject
    唔錯 [Cantonese, trad.]
    唔错 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 pin1 man4-2 se2 dak1 m4 co3. [Jyutping]
    This essay is written quite well.
  4. official document
  5. literary language; Literary Chinese
    半白  ―  bànwénbànbái  ―  half literary, half vernacular
  6. Short for 文讀文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”).
  7. script; written form
    甲骨  ―  jiǎgǔwén  ―  oracle bone script
    [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ. [Pinyin]
    Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)
    天城  ―  tiānchéngwén  ―  Devanagari
  8. (written) language
    Antonym:  /
      ―  zhōngwén  ―  Chinese
      ―  yīngwén  ―  English
  9. culture
      ―  wénhuà  ―  culture
      ―  wénmíng  ―  civilization
  10. liberal arts; humanities
  11. natural or social phenomenon
      ―  tiānwén  ―  astronomy
      ―  rénwén  ―  humanities; letters
  12. ritual; etiquette
    縟節缛节  ―  fánwénrùjié  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  13. of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian
      ―  wénzhí  ―  civilian post
      ―  wénguān  ―  civil official
      ―  wén  ―  civilian and military
  14. gentle; refined
      ―  wén  ―  refined, cultured
      ―  wén  ―  elegant, refined
  15. 47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "pattern, repetition" (𝌴)
  16. (archaic) Classifier for coins.
  17. (numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)
      ―  wén  ―  one mill
  18. () (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month
    夕大火  ―  Wénxī Dàhuǒ  ―  1938 Changsha fire
  19. a surname
      ―  Wén Tiānxiáng  ―  Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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  1. to cover
      ―  wénguò, wènguò  ―  to cover one's fault

Pronunciation 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“(Cantonese) yuan; dollar; buck”).
(This character is a variant form of ).

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
文󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
もん
Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (mjun, ornate; a kind of coin; language, literature, a letter, a character).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(もん) (mon

  1. the mon, an old currency
  2. a unit of length for measuring the size of one's foot (from the way that the mon coins would be lined up and used as a kind of inch marker)
  3. a character, a letter
  4. writing, something written
  5. a magical spell
  6. (also spelled ) a design, a pattern
  7. (also spelled ) a 家紋 (kamon, family crest)
Usage notes
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The design and crest senses are more often spelled .

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
ぶん
Grade: 1
on'yomi

A later borrowing from Middle Chinese. Compare modern Min Nan reading bûn, Hakka vûn.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ぶん) (bun

  1. (grammar) a sentence
  2. writing, composition
  3. a design or pattern as decoration
  4. literature, learning, scholarship
  5. elegance, refinement (especially of writing or wording)
  6. a saying, an aphorism, a proverb
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
ふみ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Possibly a shift from an older Middle Chinese-derived reading pun.[3] Earlier Japanese writing was ambiguous regarding the final n sound spelled in modern Japanese, with this sound often spelled (and possibly pronounced) as (mu) instead.

*/pumu//pumi//ɸumi/

This reading appears in the Heian period, in works such as The Tale of Genji.[3][1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ふみ) (fumi

  1. writing, something written
  2. a letter (written communication), an epistle
  3. (archaic) study, scholarship (especially of classical Chinese)
  4. a style of 家紋 (kamon, family crest)
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
あや
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Uncertain. Appears in texts from the early Heian period.[3][1] Compare Miyako あやぐ (ayagu), あーぐ (āgu).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(あや) (aya

  1. (also spelled , )
    1. a pattern, a design, especially one with diagonally crossing lines
    2. a diagonal crossing
    3. a flowery expression or turn of phrase
    4. a plot, a scheme
    5. a refrain or recurring phrase in a piece of music
    6. a harder vein or grain in a leaf or piece of wood or bamboo
    7. a stain, a blemish
    8. a mediator, a go-between (apparently from the way that a go-between can make the relationship more indirect and indistinct)
    9. a small indistinct fluctuation in a trend line
  2. (also spelled , )
    1. a kind of woven silk textile with a diagonally crossing pattern
    2. short for 綾織 (ayaori): a twill weave; someone who weaves twill
    3. short for 綾竹 (ayadake): in a loom, a bamboo pole placed between the heddle and the back beam or platen, used to improve the handling
    4. short for 綾取り (ayatori): cat's cradle
Usage notes
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For the second group of senses, the spelling is more common.

Derived terms
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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC mjun). Recorded as Middle Korean (mwun) (Yale: mwun) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 글월 (geurwol mun))

  1. Hanja form? of (writing).

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: văn[1][2][3]
: Nôm readings: văn[1][2][4], von[3][5][4], vằn[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of văn (literature; letters; culture; civilization).
  2. chữ Hán form of Văn (a surname).
    文進勇Văn Tiến Dũng
  3. chữ Hán form of Văn (a male middle name).
    阮文ANguyễn Văn AJohn Doe

Compounds

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References

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