Jump to content

Wiktionary:About Chinese/Hakka

Edit links
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Shortcut:
WT:HAK

Wiktionary currently supports pronunciation in three major dialects of Hakka:

See Module:hak-pron for the code.

Initials

[edit]
PFS HRS GD Hagfa
Pinyim		 HT IPA Examples Notes
N. Sixian S. Sixian Meixian
p b [p] 巴包本
b bb [b]
ph p [pʰ] 爬病片
m [m] 馬毛門
f [f] 花方湖
v [v ~ ʋ] 完歪烏
t d [t] 打鳥白短
th t [tʰ] 斷他田
n [n] 拿內農
l [l] 來連力
k g [k] 加高瓜
k(i) g(i) [k] [c] 佢間雞
kh k [kʰ] 㧡確快
kh(i) k(i) [kʰ] [cʰ] 其茄牽
ng [ŋ] 𠊎牙外
ng(i) [ɲ] 人年月
h [h] 客後海
h(i) [h] [ç] 希血現
ch z [t͡s] 渣紙做
ch(i) j [t͡ɕ] 靚祭酒
ch zh [t͡ʃ]
chh c [t͡sʰ] 叉菜深
chh(i) q [t͡ɕʰ] 取前秋
chh ch [t͡ʃʰ]
s [s] 蛇生水
s(i) x [ɕ] 西先心
s sh [ʃ] 西先心
j(i) rh [ʒ]
y(i) -(i) ~ r(i) y(i) ∅ ∅ ~ [j] ∅ 一圓有 The i is omitted in PFS, GD and Hagfa Pinyim
if not followed by another vowel.

Finals

[edit]
PFS HRS GD Hagfa
Pinyim		 IPA Examples Notes
N. Sixian S. Sixian Meixian
ṳ ii i /ɨ/, /z̩/ 紫遲時 Only with initials [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
i /i/ 杯知佢 Only with initials other than [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
u /u/ 布都古
a /a/ 巴他家
ia /ia/ 謝寫爺
oa ua /ua/ 瓜掛誇
e ê e /e/ 個仔倈～洗
ie iê ie /ie/ 街北契四厥梅：～個
oe ue uê ue /ue/ □狀聲詞
o /o/ 多火好四
io /io/ 茄靴唷
- uo - /uo/ 果過 Merged with /o/ in Sixian
m /m̩/ 毋～係
n /n̩/ 你嗯
ng - ng /ŋ̍/ - 魚五吳 Merged with /n̩/ in Meixian
ai /ai/ 災拜猜
iai - /iai/ 解介界 Merged with /ie/ in N. Sixian
oai uai /uai/ 乖快怪
oi /oi/ 愛會背
ioi - ioi /ioi/ - 𤸁 Merged with /oi/ in Meixian
ui /ui/ 內危水
iui /iui/ 銳睿
au /au/ 包燒梅好梅
iau /iau/ 枵曉表梅
eu êu eu /eu/ 兜燒四表四
iu /iu/ 有九酒
ṳm iim em im /ɨm/ /əm/ 針深甚 Only with initials [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
im /im/ 音心林 Only with initials other than [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
am /am/ 暗凡擔
iam /iam/ 炎點欠
em êm em /em/ 含砧岑
ṳn iin en in /ɨn/ /ən/ 真陳神 Only with initials [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
in /in/ 因新停 Only with initials other than [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
an /an/ 閒完蘭
ian - /ian/ 見現圓 Merged with /ien/ in N. Sixian; only with initials /k/, /kʰ/, /ŋ/, /h/
oan uan /uan/ 關款慣
en ên en /en/ 恩朋能
ien iên ian /ien/ 千田圓北 Usually only with initials other than /k/, /kʰ/, /ŋ/, /h/ in S. Sixian and Meixian
oen uen uên uen /uen/ 耿炯
on /on/ 安卵斷
ion /ion/ 軟吮全四
- uon - /uon/ 官觀罐 Merged with /on/ in Sixian
un /un/ 本滾門
iun /iun/ 雲勤近
ang /aŋ/ 罌行正白
iang /iaŋ/ 營驚平白
oang uang /uaŋ/ 梗莖桱
ong /oŋ/ 王湯上
iong /ioŋ/ 羊亮網
- uong - /uoŋ/ 光廣狂 Merged with /oŋ/ in Sixian
ung /uŋ/ 中公東
iung /iuŋ/ 用龍頌
ṳp iib eb ib /ɨp̚/ /əp̚/ 汁十濕 Only with initials [t͡s], [s]
ip ib /ip̚/ 邑立入 Only with initials other than [t͡s], [s]
ap ab /ap̚/ 鴨法答
iap iab /iap̚/ 葉接貼
ep eb êb eb /ep̚/ 澀撮一～鹽圾
ṳt iid ed id /ɨt̚/ /ət̚/ 質姪食 Only with initials [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
it id /it̚/ 一筆力 Only with initials other than [t͡s], [t͡sʰ], [s]
at ad /at̚/ 八達舌
iat iad - /iat̚/ 潔月乙 Merged with /iet̚/ in N. Sixian; only with initials /k/, /kʰ/, /ŋ/, /h/
oat uad /uat̚/ 刮括
et ed êd ed /et̚/ 噎北色
iet ied iêd iad /iet̚/ 雪裂別分～ Usually only with initials other than /k/, /kʰ/, /ŋ/, /h/ in S. Sixian and Meixian
oet ued uêd ued /uet̚/ 國摑幗
ot od /ot̚/ 遏發～病脫
ut ud /ut̚/ 不卒骨
iut iud /iut̚/ 屈
ak ag /ak̚/ 鈪百石
iak iag /iak̚/ 擛惜壁
oak uag /uak̚/ 砉
ok og /ok̚/ 惡落作
iok iog /iok̚/ 藥腳掠
- uog - /uok̚/ 郭𢼛 Merged with /ok̚/ in Sixian
uk ug /uk̚/ 屋木竹
iuk iug /iuk̚/ 育畜肉

Tones

[edit]
Tone name Dark Level
陰平		 Light Level
陽平		 Rising
上聲 		Dark Departing
陰去		 Light Departing
陽去 		Dark Entering
陰入		 Light Entering
陽入
Example 夫 扶 府 富 戶 / 户 福 服
Meixian ˦ 44 ˩ 11 ˧˩ 31 ˥˧ 53 ˩ 1 ˥ 5
N. Sixian ˨˦ 24 ˥ 55 ˨ 2
S. Sixian ˨˦ 24 / ˧ 33
Hailu ˥˧ 53 ˥ 55 ˨˦ 24 ˩ 11 ˧ 33 ˥ 5 ˨ 2
GD / Hagfa Pinyim (Meixian) fu1 fu2 fu3 fu4 fug5 fug6
PFS (Sixian) fû fù fú fu fuk fu̍k
HRS (Sixian) fuˊ / fu˖ fuˇ fu` fu fug` fug
HRS (Hailu) fu` fu fuˊ fuˇ fu˖ fug fug`

References

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=Wiktionary:About_Chinese/Hakka&oldid=82301575"