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軟

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 软 and 輭
軟 U+8EDF, 軟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8EDF
← 軞
[U+8EDE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 軠 →
[U+8EE0]

Translingual

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Han character

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軟 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十十弓人 (JJNO), four-corner 57082, composition ⿰車欠)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1240, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38213
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1716, character 21
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3518, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+8EDF

Chinese

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trad. 軟
simp. 软
alternative forms 輭／软
耎

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (耎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
陾 *njɯ, *noːʔ
腝 *nuːs, *njonʔ, *nuːns
堧 *noːls, *njon
稬 *noːls, *noːnʔ, *noːns
愞 *noːls, *noːns, *njonʔ
煗 *noːnʔ
餪 *noːnʔ
渜 *noːnʔ, *noːns
偄 *noːns, *njonʔ
瑌 *njon, *njonʔ
軟 *njonʔ
輭 *njonʔ
蝡 *njonʔ, *njunʔ
碝 *njonʔ
耎 *njonʔ
緛 *njonʔ
媆 *nuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njonʔ): semantic 車 + phonetic 耎 (OC *njonʔ). 耎 turned into 欠 over time due to a popular variant.

The meaning of the radical of the chariot is not fully clear. It could be linked to the synonym 柔, which indicates the wood soft enough to be cut, or it could indicate the concept of being tired and weak after dragging a heavy chariot, hence "soft"; the right component could add part of the meaning, since it originally depicts a man under the rain, hence getting soaked (perhaps while dragging a heavy chariot). Today's component 欠 depicts a man kneeling with an open mouth, perhaps while breathing due to exhaustion.

Etymology

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Probably cognate with 柔 (OC *mlju, “soft”), see there for more (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • loán - literary;
  • nńg/núi - vernacular (“soft; weak; easily moved; relaxed”).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 軟
Mandarin Beijing /ʐuan²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʐuan²¹³/
Tianjin /yan¹³/
/ʐuan¹³/
Jinan /luã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /yã⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʐuan⁵³/
Xi'an /vã⁵³/
Xining /uã⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʐuan⁵³/
Lanzhou /vɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ʐuan⁵¹/
/van⁵¹/
Wuhan /yɛn⁴²/
Chengdu /zuan⁵³/
Guiyang /zuan⁴²/
Kunming /ʐuã̠⁵³/
Nanjing /ʐuaŋ²¹²/
Hefei /ʐʊ̃²⁴/
/ʐən²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /zuæ̃⁵³/
Pingyao /nzuɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /ʐuæ̃⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ȵyø²³/
Suzhou /ŋø³¹/
Hangzhou /nuõ⁵³/
Wenzhou /ȵy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ne³⁵/
Tunxi /ȵyɛ²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /yẽ⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ȵyẽ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵyɵn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /ŋion⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /ŋion²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jyn²³/
Nanning /yn²⁴/
Hong Kong /jyn¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /luan⁵³/
/nŋ̍⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nuoŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /nuiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /nɯŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /nui²¹³/
Rime
Character 軟
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38)
Final (韻) 仙 (78)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 而兖切
Baxter nywenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ȵiuᴇnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ȵʷiɛnX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȵʑjuænX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ȵwianX/
Li
Rong 		/ȵiuɛnX/
Wang
Li 		/ȵʑĭwɛnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȵʑi̯wɛnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ruǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyun5
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 軟
Reading # 1/1
No. 10902
Phonetic
component 		耎
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		輭
Old
Chinese 		/*njonʔ/
Notes 俗輭字，集韻正體從㞋聲

Definitions

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軟

  1. soft; flexible; pliable
    貓的毛摸上去很軟 [MSC, trad.]
    猫的毛摸上去很软 [MSC, simp.]
    māo de máo mō shàngqù hěn ruǎn [Pinyin]
    A cat's fur is soft to the touch.
    泥很軟，我們的腳都陷進去了。 [MSC, trad.]
    泥很软，我们的脚都陷进去了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Ní hěn ruǎn, wǒmen de jiǎo dōu xiàn jìnqù le. [Pinyin]
    The mud was soft and our feet sank in.
  2. soft; gentle; mild; relaxed
    他的態度軟了下來。 [MSC, trad.]
    他的态度软了下来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā de tàidù ruǎn le xiàlái. [Pinyin]
    His attitude has softened.
    他的聲音很軟。／他的声音很软。  ―  Tā de shēngyīn hěn ruǎn.  ―  His voice is very gentle.
  3. weak; feeble
    她的兩腿發軟。／她的两腿发软。  ―  Tā de liǎng tuǐ fā ruǎn.  ―  Her legs felt weak.
  4. (Cantonese, Hokkien) easily moved and swayed; empathic; unable to uphold the initial opinion

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “soft”): 硬 (yìng)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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軟

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. soft; flexible; pliable
  2. soft; gentle; mild
  3. weak; feeble

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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軟 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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軟: Hán Nôm readings: nhuyễn, nhiễn, nhũn, nhung

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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