やわらか
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Alternative spellings |
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柔らか 軟らか |
Etymology
[edit]柔ら (yawara, “something fragile, soft, or supple; something calm or gentle”) + か (-ka, unproductive suffix[1] forming 形容動詞 (keiyō dōshi, “-na adjectives”) from stems, indicating the state or feeling of an object)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Tokyo) やわらか [yàwáráꜜkà] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3][4]
- (Tokyo) やわらか [yàwárákáꜜ] (Odaka – [4])[2][4]
- (Tokyo) やわらか [yàwáꜜràkà] (Nakadaka – [2])[3][4]
- IPA(key): [ja̠β̞a̠ɾa̠ka̠]
Adjective
[edit]やわらか • (yawaraka) ←やはらか (yafaraka)?-na (adnominal やわらかな (yawaraka na), adverbial やわらかに (yawaraka ni))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of やわらか
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | やわらかだろ | yawaraka daro | |
Continuative (連用形) | やわらかで | yawaraka de | |
Terminal (終止形) | やわらかだ | yawaraka da | |
Attributive (連体形) | やわらかな | yawaraka na | |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | やわらかなら | yawaraka nara | |
Imperative (命令形) | やわらかであれ | yawaraka de are | |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | やわらかではない やわらかじゃない |
yawaraka de wa nai yawaraka ja nai | |
Informal past | やわらかだった | yawaraka datta | |
Informal negative past | やわらかではなかった やわらかじゃなかった |
yawaraka de wa nakatta yawaraka ja nakatta | |
Formal | やわらかです | yawaraka desu | |
Formal negative | やわらかではありません やわらかじゃありません |
yawaraka de wa arimasen yawaraka ja arimasen | |
Formal past | やわらかでした | yawaraka deshita | |
Formal negative past | やわらかではありませんでした やわらかじゃありませんでした |
yawaraka de wa arimasen deshita yawaraka ja arimasen deshita | |
Conjunctive | やわらかで | yawaraka de | |
Conditional | やわらかなら(ば) | yawaraka nara (ba) | |
Provisional | やわらかだったら | yawaraka dattara | |
Volitional | やわらかだろう | yawaraka darō | |
Adverbial | やわらかに | yawaraka ni | |
Degree | やわらかさ | yawarakasa |
Derived terms
[edit]- 柔らかい (yawarakai)
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN