猫
|
Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Stroke order (Chinese) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Japanese | 猫 |
---|---|
Simplified | 猫 |
Traditional | 貓 |
Han character
[edit]猫 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 大竹廿田 (KHTW), four-corner 44260, composition ⿰犭苗)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 714, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20535
- Dae Jaweon: page 1127, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1352, character 1
- Unihan data for U+732B
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mrew) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 苗 (OC *mrew).
Definitions
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 猫 – see 貓 (“cat; to hide oneself; etc.”). (This character is the simplified and variant form of 貓). |
Notes:
|
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: みょう (myō)←めう (meu, historical)
- Kan-on: びょう (byō, Jōyō)←べう (beu, historical)、ぼう (bō)←ばう (bau, historical)
- Kun: ねこ (neko, 猫, Jōyō)、ねこま (nekoma, 猫)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
猫 |
ねこ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
⟨neko1⟩ → /neko/
From Old Japanese. Cognate with Miyako にか (nika, “cat”, Tarama and Minna dialects) via unknown Japonic substratum.
A comparison of accent patterns between the dialects shows some confusion (see dialectal data):
- One group of dialects behaves as if <LF> was the Heian Kyoto accent pattern: many dialects with the Tokyo type accent, including the standard Japanese in Tokyo, pronounce this word with an <HL-L> pitch pattern, and in some non-mainstream Keihan type dialects as well, this word has a corresponding <LF> pitch pattern.
- Another group of dialects behaves as if <LL> was the Heian Kyoto accent pattern: the mainstream Keihan type dialects pronounce this word with an <HL> pitch pattern, and in a few of the Tokyo type dialects, this word has a corresponding <LH-L> pitch pattern.
As a result, this term is one example of words that have the same pitch accent pattern between Tokyo and Osaka/Kyoto. The confusion seems to be due to an impression that the term comes from a compound word origin.
One theory explains that neko is shortened from earlier 猫 (nekoma) (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?), but neko has a first appearance in literature earlier than that for nekoma.
First attested in the Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki of 794.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Modern dialectal data
- (Sapporo, Hokkaidō) /ne⸢ko⸣/
- (Rebun, Hokkaidō) /ne̞⸢gô/
- (Aomori, Aomori Prefecture) /ne̞⸢gô/
- (Hirosaki, Aomori Prefecture) /ne̞⸢gô/
- (Hachinohe, Aomori Prefecture) /ne̞⸣go/
- (Morioka, Iwate) /ne̞⸣go/
- (Ashiro (Hachimantai), Iwate) /ne̞⸢go⸣/
- (Sendai, Miyagi) /ne̞go/
- (Akita, Akita Prefecture) /ne̞⸣go/
- (Kawabe, Akita Prefecture) /ne̞⸣go/
- (Amarume (Shōnai), Yamagata) /ne̞go/
- (Kōriyama, Fukushima) /ne̞go/
- (Takada (Date), Fukushima) /ne̞go/
- (Ibaraki, Ibaraki Prefecture) /ne̞go/
- (Utsunomiya, Tochigi Prefecture) /neko/
- (Takasaki, Gunma Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Menuma (Kumagaya), Saitama Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Tako, Chiba Prefecture) /ne⸣go/
- (Sodegaura, Chiba Prefecture) /neko/
- (Tokyo) /ne⸣ko/
- (Okutama, Tokyo) /ne⸣ko/
- (Sagamihara, Kanagawa Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Niigata, Niigata Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Sado, Niigata Prefecture) /⸢neko/
- (Toyama, Toyama Prefecture) /ne⸢ko⸣/
- (Gokayama, Toyama Prefecture) /ne⸢ko⸣/
- (Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture) /ne⸢ko/
- (Nanao, Ishikawa Prefecture) /ne⸢ko ~ ne⸢go/
- (Fukui, Fukui Prefecture) /neko ~ nekome (vulgar)/
- (Kōfu, Yamanashi Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Nagano, Nagano Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Akiyama, Akiyama Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Gifu, Gifu Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Shizuoka, Shizuoka Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Nagoya, Aichi) /ne⸣ko/
- (Ano (Tsu), Mie Prefecture) /ne⸢ko⸣/
- (Nagahama-Santō (Nagahama-Maibara) Shiga Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Osaka, Osaka Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Kishiwada, Osaka Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Kakogawa, Hyōgo Prefecture) /ne⸢kô/
- (Yamatokōriyama, Nara Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Totsugawa, Nara Prefecture) /ne⸢ko⸣/
- (Arida, Wakayama Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Tottori, Tottori Prefecture) /ne⸣ko ~ ⸢ɲaːko (childish)/
- (Izumo, Shimane Prefecture) /ne̞⸢ko⸣/
- (Okayama, Okayama Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Hiroshima, Hiroshima Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Yuki (Jinsekikōgen), Hiroshima Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Okayama, Okayama Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Tokuji (Yamaguchi), Yamaguchi Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Tokushima, Tokushima Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Kagawa, Kagawa Prefecture) /ne⸢kô/
- (Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture) /ne⸢ko⸣/
- (Ōshū, Ehime Prefecture), /neko/
- (Kochi, Kochi Prefecture) /ne⸢ko⸣/
- (Fukuoka, Fukuoka Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Kitagata, Saga Prefecture) /⸣neko/
- (Nagasaki, Nagasaki Prefecture) /ne⸢ko⸣/
- (Fukue (Gotō), Nagasaki Prefecture) /neko/
- (Kagami (Yatsushiro), Kumamoto Prefecture) /ne⸢ko⸣/
- (Notsu (Usuki), Ōita Prefecture) /ne⸣ko/
- (Miyazaki, Miyazaki Prefecture) /ɲeko/
- (Kagoshima, Kagoshima Prefecture) /ne⸢ko⸣/
- (Koshiki, Kagoshima Prefecture) /ne⸢ko⸣/
Note: The information are extracted per se, in a broad IPA transcription by the author. There may be inaccuracies in the data. For Hachijō and Ryukyuan data, see their corresponding entries.
/ɯ̈/ is a described as a "central vowel", but the precise transcription is unclear.
Data source (unless missing): Hirayama, Teruo (平山 照男), Ōshima Ichirō (大島 一郎), Ōno Masao (大野 眞男), Kuno Makoto (久野 眞), Kuno Mariko (久野 マリ子), Sugimura Takao (杉村 孝夫) (1992-1994) 現代日本語方言大辞典 [Dictionary of Japanese Dialects], Tokyo: Meiji Shoin (明治書院)
Other dialectal data
Ishikawa, Tottori ニコ (niko), Kagoshima ネゴ (nego), Chiba ネコ゚ (ne'ngo), Tokushima ネコー (nekō)[2]
Noun
[edit]- [from 794] a cat
- 猫が二匹居る。
- Neko ga nihiki iru.
- There are two cats.
- 家には猫が三匹います。
- Ie ni wa neko ga sanbiki imasu.
- There are three cats in the house.
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki:
- 猫狸 [...] ニ又漢云野貍、倭言上尼古、下多〻既
- Cat and raccoon dog, [...] both of them are called 野貍 (yari) in Chinese; the former is called 尼古 (⟨neko1⟩ → neko) while the latter is called 多〻既 (⟨tatake2⟩ → tatake) in Japanese.
- 猫が二匹居る。
Usage notes
[edit]- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ネコ.
Derived terms
[edit]- 子猫 (koneko), 仔猫 (koneko): a kitten
- 黒猫 (kuroneko): a black cat
- 麝香猫 (jakō neko): civet
- シュレーディンガーの猫 (Shurēdingā no neko): Schrödinger's cat
- 猫手 (nekote)
- 猫間 (nekoma)
- 猫又 (nekomata)
- 猫耳 (nekomimi): nekomimi
- 唐猫 (karaneko)
- 化け猫 (bakeneko): a monster cat
- 招き猫 (manekineko)
- 虎猫 (toraneko)
- どら猫 (doraneko)
- 山猫 (yamaneko)
- 猫可愛がり (nekokawaigari)
- 三毛猫 (mikeneko): a calico cat
Idioms
[edit]
- 猫も杓子も (neko mo shakushi mo)
- 猫の手も借りたい (neko no te mo karitai)
- 猫舌 (nekojita): "cat tongue", someone who is incapable of drinking or eating anything hot due to having an overly sensitive tongue
- 猫に鰹節 (neko ni katsuobushi)
- 猫に小判 (neko ni kohan): pearls before swine
- 猫の額 (neko no hitai)
- 借りてきた猫 (karite kita neko)
- 猫を被る (neko o kaburu): feign innocence
Etymology 2
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
猫 |
ねこま Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
猫ま |
According to the 和名類聚抄 (Wamyō Ruijushō), 931–938, 猫 (neko) is short for this word.
- 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 7, page 56:
- 猫: 野王案、猫、音苗、禰古麻、下總本有和名二字興河海抄引此合、本草和名同訓、或省云禰古、新撰字鏡、狸、禰古、按狸一名猫、見本草和名、似虎而小、熊捕鼠為糧
- Cat. According to Yewang, cat, sound-reading myō, [Japanese reading] nekoma; later compendiums have a two character Japanese name- perhaps the Rivers and Seas Annotations references this compilation, the Honzō wamyō [has] a kun homophone, certain omissions call it 'neko', [in the] Shinsen Jikyō 'tanuki'- [read] neko, to check 'tanuki' [as] one name [for] a cat - see the Honzō wamyō; like a tiger but small, the creature catches rats for food
One theory describes the first mora <ne> as onomatopoeia for the sound a cat makes (cf. にゃ (nya); compare English mew, meow). The last two morae <ko1ma> might accord with 熊 (kuma, “bear”) if it were from Proto-Japonic *koma (class 2.3 <LL>), in the sense of "four-legged animal". The Heian Kyoto accent of this word is <LHL>; note that in compound words for species names, the pitch pattern may be simplified to <-HL> when the final element is a 2-mora noun (e.g. 青海苔 (aonori, “green laver”, < àwònórì < *àwò-nòrì), and the presence or absence of this phenomenon could explain the accent confusion in neko. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
However, nekoma is first cited to 918 in the 本草和名 (Honzō Wamyō, the oldest surviving dictionary of medicine in Japan),[5] while neko is first attested in 794.
- c. 918, 深根輔仁 [Fukane Sukehito], 本草和名 [Japanese Names of Herbs, Honzō Wamyō]:
- 家狸、一名猫、和名禰古末
- A house raccoon; also called a cat; the Japanese name is nekoma.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 559
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 “ね‐こ 【猫】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 “ねこ‐ま 【猫─】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ “ねこ【猫】”, in 日本方言大辞典 (Nihon Hōgen Daijiten, “Nihon Hōgen Daijiten”) [3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1989, released online 2016, →ISBN
- Minamoto, Shitagō with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 猫 (MC mjew). Recorded as Middle Korean 貓/묘 (myo) (Yale: myo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]猫 (eumhun 고양이 묘 (goyang'i myo))
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Noun
[edit]猫 (mayā)
References
[edit]- “まやー・まやあ【猫】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Yaeyama
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Noun
[edit]猫 (mayā)
Yoron
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Noun
[edit]猫 (myanka)
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Beginning Mandarin
- Elementary Mandarin
- zh:Mammals
- zh:Cats
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Leizhou Min lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Leizhou Min hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Leizhou Min nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Chinese adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Chinese terms spelled with 猫
- Chinese simplified forms
- Chinese variant forms
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading みょう
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading めう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading びょう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading べう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ぼう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ばう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ねこ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ねこま
- Japanese terms spelled with 猫 read as ねこ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with audio pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 猫
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms with quotations
- Japanese terms spelled with 猫 read as ねこま
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- ja:Felids
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Hanja readings
- CJKV simplified characters which already existed as traditional characters
- Okinawan kanji
- Okinawan jōyō kanji
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading まやー
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Okinawan terms with 1 kanji
- Okinawan terms spelled with 猫
- Okinawan single-kanji terms
- ryu:Felids
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Yaeyama kanji
- Yaeyama jōyō kanji
- Yaeyama lemmas
- Yaeyama nouns
- Yaeyama terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Yaeyama terms with 1 kanji
- Yaeyama terms spelled with 猫
- Yaeyama single-kanji terms
- rys:Felids
- Yoron kanji
- Yoron jōyō kanji
- Yoron lemmas
- Yoron nouns
- Yoron terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Yoron terms with 1 kanji
- Yoron terms spelled with 猫
- Yoron single-kanji terms
- yox:Felids