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犬

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 大 and 太
犬 U+72AC, 犬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AC
← 犫
[U+72AB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 犭 →
[U+72AD]
⽝ U+2F5D, ⽝
KANGXI RADICAL DOG
← ⽜
[U+2F5C] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽞ →
[U+2F5E]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Alternative forms

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  • 犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are 3-stroke forms from 4-stroke characters.

Han character

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See images of
Radical 94 犬

犬 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 43030, composition ⿺大丶)

  1. Kangxi radical #94, ⽝.

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 705, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+72AC

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 犬

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 犬
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (犬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猚 *ŋreːl, *rulʔ
畎 *kʷeːnʔ
汱 *kʷeːnʔ
甽 *kljuns, *kʷeːnʔ
犬 *kʰʷeːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) – the side view of a dog.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”); cognate with Tibetan ཁྱི (khyi, “dog”), Burmese ခွေး (hkwe:, “dog”).

This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most topolects except Eastern Min, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other topolects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • kiêng2 - Chaozhou;
  • kiang2 - Shantou.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 犬
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰyan²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰyan²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰyan¹³/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
Xining /t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰyɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕyan⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰyɛn⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰian⁴²/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁵³/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰyen²¹²/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰyĩ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰye̞⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰye⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰyø³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰiø⁵¹/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷõ⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰye³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰyɛ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴¹/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /kʰian³¹/
Taoyuan /kʰien³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hyn³⁵/
Nanning /hyn³⁵/
Hong Kong /hyn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰian⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰɛiŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰyiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰuaŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xin³¹/
/kau²¹³/ 訓狗
Rime
Character 犬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 先 (86)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 苦泫切
Baxter khwenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰwenX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰʷenX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰuɛnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰwɛnX/
Li
Rong 		/kʰuenX/
Wang
Li 		/kʰiwenX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰiwenX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		quǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hyun2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 犬
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		quǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khwenX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʷʰˁ[e][n]ʔ/
English dog

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 犬
Reading # 1/1
No. 10736
Phonetic
component 		犬
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		犬
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰʷeːnʔ/

Definitions

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A dog (a Labrador)

犬

  1. (formal or in compounds or Eastern Min, Waxiang, dialectal Wu) dog
    警犬  ―  jǐngquǎn  ―  police dog

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 狗 (“dog”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 犬
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 狗
Taxonomic name 犬
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 狗
Taiwan 狗
Chengde 狗
Chifeng 狗
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 狗
Heihe 狗
Qiqihar 狗
Harbin 狗
Jiamusi 狗
Baicheng 狗
Changchun 狗
Tonghua 狗
Shenyang 狗
Jinzhou 狗
Malaysia 狗
Singapore 狗
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 狗
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 狗
Tangshan 狗
Cangzhou 狗
Baoding 狗
Shijiazhuang 狗
Lijin 狗
Jinan 狗
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 狗
Dandong 狗
Yantai 狗子
Yantai (Muping) 狗子, 狗
Qingdao 狗
Zhucheng 狗
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 狗
Lingbao 狗
Jining 狗
Wanrong 狗
Linfen 狗
Shangqiu 狗
Yuanyang 狗
Zhengzhou 狗
Xinyang 狗
Baihe 狗, 狗子
Xi'an 狗
Dingbian 狗
Baoji 狗
Tianshui 狗
Xining 狗
Yanqi 狗
Xuzhou 狗
Fuyang 狗
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 狗
Lanzhou 狗
Dunhuang 狗
Hami 狗
Ürümqi 狗
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 狗
Nanchong 狗
Dazhou 狗
Hanyuan 狗
Xichang 狗
Zigong 狗
Chongqing 狗, 狗兒
Wuhan 狗, 狗子, 狗狗 childish, 來富 dated
Yichang 狗, 狗子
Xiangyang 狗, 狗子
Tianmen 狗, 狗子
Guiyang 狗
Zunyi 狗
Bijie 狗
Liping 狗
Zhaotong 狗
Dali 狗
Kunming 狗
Mengzi 狗
Guilin 狗
Liuzhou 狗, 狗崽, 三六, 地羊 as food
Jishou 狗
Changde 狗, 狗子
Hanzhong 狗
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 狗
Yangzhou 狗, 狗子
Lianyungang 狗
Lianshui 狗
Nantong 狗, 狗子
Anqing 狗
Wuhu 狗
Hefei 狗
Hong'an 狗子
Cantonese Guangzhou 狗
Hong Kong 狗, 㕵㕵 childish, 㕵㕵狗 childish
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 狗
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 狗
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 狗
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 狗
Macau 狗
Guangzhou (Panyu) 狗
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 狗
Guangzhou (Conghua) 狗
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 狗
Foshan 狗
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 狗
Foshan (Shunde) 狗
Foshan (Sanshui) 狗
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 狗
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 狗
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 狗
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 狗
Zhuhai (Doumen) 狗
Jiangmen (Baisha) 狗
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 狗
Taishan 狗
Kaiping (Chikan) 狗
Enping (Niujiang) 狗
Heshan (Yayao) 狗
Dongguan 狗
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 狗
Shaoguan 狗
Yunfu 狗
Yangjiang 狗
Xinyi 狗
Lianjiang 狗
Nanning 狗
Wuzhou 狗
Yulin 狗
Hepu (Lianzhou) 狗
Beihai 狗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 狗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 狗
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 狗
Penang (Guangfu) 狗
Singapore (Guangfu) 狗
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 狗
Móng Cái 狗
Gan Nanchang 狗
Lichuan 狗
Pingxiang 狗
Hakka Meixian 狗, 無角羊
Dabu (Xihe) 狗
Dabu (Taoyuan) 狗
Dabu (Gaobei) 狗
Fengshun (Tangkeng) 狗
Fengshun (Fengliang) 狗
Fengshun (Pantian) 狗
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 狗
Dongguan (Qingxi) 狗
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 狗
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 狗
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 狗
Changting 狗
Yudu 狗子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 狗仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 狗仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 狗, 狗仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 狗
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 狗
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 狗
Hong Kong 狗
Luchuan (Daqiao) 狗
Sabah (Longchuan) 狗
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) 狗
Senai (Huiyang) 狗
Kuching (Hepo) 狗
Singkawang 狗
Huizhou Jixi 狗
Shexian 狗
Jin Taiyuan 狗兒, 狗
Yangyuan 狗
Datong 狗, 狗娃子
Xinzhou 狗
Lüliang (Lishi) 狗兒
Changzhi 狗
Linhe 狗, 狗子
Jining 狗
Hohhot 狗
Erenhot 狗
Pingshan 狗
Zhangjiakou 狗
Handan 狗
Linzhou 狗
Suide 狗
Northern Min Jian'ou 狗仔, 狗
Eastern Min Fuzhou 犬, 犬囝
Fuzhou (Changle) 犬
Fuqing 犬
Yongtai 犬
Gutian 犬
Fu'an 犬
Ningde 犬
Shouning 犬
Zhouning 犬
Fuding 犬
Matsu 犬
Southern Min Xiamen 狗
Quanzhou 狗
Zhangzhou 狗
Zhao'an 狗
Kaohsiung 狗
Yilan 狗
Changhua (Lukang) 狗
Taichung 狗
Taichung (Wuqi) 狗
Tainan 狗仔
Taitung 狗
Hsinchu 狗
Penghu (Magong) 狗
Penang (Hokkien) 狗
Singapore (Hokkien) 狗
Manila (Hokkien) 狗
Pingnan (Shangdu) 狗
Chaozhou 狗
Shantou 狗
Haifeng 狗
Bangkok (Teochew) 狗
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 狗
Singapore (Teochew) 狗
Leizhou 狗, 四五
Wenchang 狗
Haikou 狗
Singapore (Hainanese) 狗
Puxian Min Putian 狗
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 狗
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 狗
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 狗
Xianyou 狗, 狗囝
Xianyou (Fengting) 狗, 狗囝
Xianyou (Youyang) 狗, 狗囝
Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 狗
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 狗
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狗, 地羊 dated, euphemistic, 三六 argot, 四打五 argot
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 狗
Shehua Fu'an 狗
Fuding 狗
Luoyuan 狗
Sanming 狗
Shunchang 狗
Hua'an 狗
Guixi (Zhangping) 狗
Cangnan 狗
Jingning (Hexi) 狗
Lishui 狗
Longyou 狗
Chaozhou 狗
Fengshun 狗
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 犬
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 犬
Luxi (Baisha) 犬
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 犬
Luxi (Lijiatian) 犬
Chengbu (Xuntou) 犬
Wu Shanghai 狗, 汪汪狗 childish
Shanghai (Chongming) 狗
Suzhou 狗
Danyang 狗子
Hangzhou 狗
Ningbo 黃狗
Wenzhou 狗, 𡀿𡀿 childish
Jinhua 狗
Xiang Changsha 狗
Xiangxiang 狗
Loudi 狗
Shuangfeng 狗
Hengyang 狗, 災狗子 derogatory
Quanzhou 狗

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • Bai: *qʰuaŋ²

References

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Further reading

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Japanese

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Kanji

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犬

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. a dog
  2. the dog radical (いぬ)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
犬 (inu): various kinds of dog.
Kanji in this term
犬
いぬ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
狗

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *enu. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, “to leave, to be gone”), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of 家 (ie, “house, home”) + 寝 (nu, “to sleep”, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る neru); from ancient Japanese 狗 (enu < wenu, “puppy, dog”), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) いぬ [ìnúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [inɯ̟]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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犬(いぬ) or 犬(イヌ) • (inu)  (counter 匹)

  1. dog, canine
    犬(いぬ)に毎(まい)日(にち)餌(えさ)を上(あ)げて下(くだ)さい。
    Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
    Please feed the dog every day.
  2. servant; one who is loyal (like a dog)
    会(かい)長(ちょう)の犬(いぬ)
    kaichō no inu
    a servant of the president
  3. spy
    敵(てき)軍(ぐん)の犬(いぬ)
    tekigun no inu
    a spy of the hostile army

Usage notes

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  • As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イヌ.

Synonyms

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Descendants

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  • → Yami: ino

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 犬 (MC khwenX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄏᆑᆫ〯 (Yale: khyyěn)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 가히〮 (Yale: kàhí) 견〯 (Yale: kyěn)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

犬 (eumhun 개 견 (gae gyeon))

  1. hanja form? of 견 (“dog”) [noun; affix]

Derived terms

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Miyako

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Kanji

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犬

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun

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犬(いん) (in) 

  1. dog

Northern Amami Ōshima

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Kanji

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犬

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun

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犬(いん) (in) 

  1. dog

Okinawan

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Kanji

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犬

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
犬
いん
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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犬(いん) (in) 

  1. dog (Canis familiaris); domestic dog

Compounds

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References

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  • “いん【犬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Southern Amami Ōshima

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Kanji

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犬

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

Noun

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犬(いん) (in) 

  1. dog

Vietnamese

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Han character

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犬: Hán Việt readings: khuyển[1][2]
犬: Nôm readings: khuyển[1][3][4], chó[2]

  1. Nôm form of chó (“dog”).

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (2004).
  3. ^ Bonet (1899).
  4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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