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U+53F3, 右
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F3

[U+53F2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+53F4]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
5 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 30, +2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大口 (KR), four-corner 40600, composition 𠂇)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 173, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3250
  • Dae Jaweon: page 385, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 569, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+53F3

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Originally (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) in the oracle bone script.

In bronze inscriptions, a (“mouth; speech”) component was added, perhaps with the intention of indicating the use of (OC *ɢʷɯs, “again”) as a phonetic loan. In other words, the current form is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : phonetic (OC *ɢʷɯs, right hand) + semantic .

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(j/r)a (right (hand)) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གཡས (g.yas, right), Jingpho hkra (khʒa⁵⁵, right), Burmese ယာ (ya), ညာ (nya).

(OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “be friendly; friend”) is the endoactive derivation of (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

(OC *ɢʷɯs, “to aid”), (OC *ɢʷɯs, “(of divinity) to assist; to bless”), (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to pardon; magnanimous”) are exoactive derivations of (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) (ibid.).

“(politics) right-wing”
Semantic loan from English right, in turn a semantic loan from French droite.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • iou5 - vernacular;
  • iou4 - literary.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (35)
    Final () (136)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter hjuwX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɦɨuX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɦiuX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɣiəuX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɦuwX/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɣiuX/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɣĭəuX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /i̯ə̯uX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    yǒu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    jau5
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    yòu
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ hjuwX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
    English right hand

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 15597
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɢʷɯʔ/

    Definitions

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    1. right (direction)
        ―  yòushǒu  ―  right hand
    2. (nautical) starboard
        ―  yòuxián  ―  starboardside
    3. west; areas to the west
    4. (historical) right side as the side of precedence
    5. (politics) right-wing
    6. (chemistry) dextro-
      美沙芬  ―  yòuměishāfēn  ―  dextromethorphan
    7. a surname
    Synonyms
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    Antonyms
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    • (zuǒ, “left”)

    Pronunciation 2

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    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (35)
    Final () (136)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter hjuwH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /ɦɨuH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /ɦiuH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /ɣiəuH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /ɦuwH/
    Li
    Rong
    /ɣiuH/
    Wang
    Li
    /ɣĭəuH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /i̯ə̯uH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    yòu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    jau6
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    yòu
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ hjuwH ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s/ (~ *m-qʷəʔ)
    English right hand

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 15604
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɢʷɯs/

    Definitions

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    1. Original form of (yòu, “to assist”).
    2. Original form of (yòu, “to protect; to bless”).
    3. to take somebody's side
    4. Alternative form of (yòu, to urge somebody to eat or drink)

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: () (u); (ゆう) ()
    • Korean: 우(右) (u)
    • Vietnamese: hữu ()

    Others:

    • Bouyei: gvaz (right)
    • Lao: ຂວາ (khuā, right)
    • Lü: ᦧᦱ (ẋwaa, right)
    • Northern Thai: ᨡ᩠ᩅᩣ (right)
    • Shan: ၶႂႃ (khwǎa, right)
    • Thai: ขวา (kwǎa, right)
    • Zhuang: gvaz (right)

    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. right
    2. conservative
    3. right-wing, right fielder
    4. respect for
    5. aid, assist, counsel

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    みぎ
    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    (みぎ) (migi

    1. right (direction)
      (わたし)(みぎ)()()えない。
      Watashi wa migi no me ga mienai.
      I can't see with my right eye.
      • 1999 July 22, “(ふう)(いん)されし(もの)(みぎ)(あし) [Right Leg of the Sealed One]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
        (ふう)(いん)された(みぎ)(あし)(ふう)(いん)()くと、()(げん)(ちから)()られる。
        Fūinsareta migiashi. Fūin o toku to, mugen no chikara o erareru.
        A sealed right leg. Whosoever breaks the seal shall earn infinite power.
    2. (in vertical writing of Japanese, with columns running right to left) the above statement, foregoing
    3. (politics) the right wing, a rightist
    4. (historical) a superior during in the Chinese Warring States period
      Synonym: 上位 (jōi)
    Antonyms
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    • (antonym(s) of right, rightist): (ひだり) (hidari, left)
    Derived terms
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    Proverbs
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    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    みぎり
    Grade: 1
    irregular

    The final (ri) is likely by analogy with its antonym (hidari, left).[3]

    Noun

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    (みぎり) (migiri

    1. (archaic) Same as みぎ (migi) above

    Etymology 3

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    Kanji in this term
    ゆう
    Grade: 1
    kan'on

    The “right (direction)” and “respect, esteem, value” senses are from Middle Chinese (MC hjuwX).

    The “aid, assist” sense is from Middle Chinese / (MC hjuwH).

    The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

    Pronunciation

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    Affix

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    (ゆう) (いう (iu)?

    1. right (direction)
    2. respect; esteem; value
    3. Alternative form of (, aid; assist)

    Etymology 4

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    Kanji in this term

    Grade: 1
    goon

    From Middle Chinese (MC hjuwX).

    The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

    Pronunciation

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    Prefix

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    () (u-

    1. right (direction)
    2. (politics) right-wing
    3. (baseball) right fielder
    4. (history, government) "of the right", junior or subordinate to (sa-, of the left)
      ()()(もん)
      Uemon
      the Gate Guard of the Right
      ()(だい)(じん)
      Udaijin
      the Minister of the Right

    References

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    1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
    3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Etymology 1

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    Hanja

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    (eumhun 오른쪽 (oreunjjok u))

    1. hanja form? of (right (direction))

    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

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    Hanja

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    (eumhun 도울 (doul u))

    1. hanja form? of (to help; to aid; to assist; to give a hand)

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Nôm readings: hữu

    1. right (direction)