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右

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 石 and 有
右 U+53F3, 右
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53F3
← 史
[U+53F2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 叴 →
[U+53F4]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
5 strokes

Han character

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右 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大口 (KR), four-corner 40600, composition ⿸𠂇口)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 173, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3250
  • Dae Jaweon: page 385, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 569, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+53F3

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 右
alternative forms 又
厷

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 右
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (又) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
絠 *kɯːʔ
醢 *qʰɯːʔ
珛 *qʰʷɯs
栯 *ɢʷɯʔ, *qʷɯ
有 *ɢʷɯʔ
友 *ɢʷɯʔ
右 *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs
宥 *ɢʷɯs
囿 *ɢʷɯs, *ɡʷɯ
侑 *ɢʷɯs
酭 *ɢʷɯs
姷 *ɢʷɯs
又 *ɢʷɯs
佑 *ɢʷɯs
祐 *ɢʷɯs
賄 *qʰʷɯːʔ
蛕 *qʰʷɯːʔ, *ɡʷɯː
烠 *ɡʷɯː
倄 *ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
鮪 *ɢʷɯʔ
洧 *ɢʷɯʔ
痏 *ɢʷɯʔ
郁 *qʷɯ
戫 *qʷɯ
哊 *ɡʷɯ

Originally 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) in the oracle bone script.

In bronze inscriptions, a 口 (“mouth; speech”) component was added, perhaps with the intention of indicating the use of 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “again”) as a phonetic loan. In other words, the current form is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs) and ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): phonetic 又 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “right hand”) + semantic 口.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-(j/r)a (“right (hand)”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan གཡས (g.yas, “right”), Jingpho hkra (khʒa⁵⁵, “right”), Burmese ယာ (ya), ညာ (nya).

友 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, “be friendly; friend”) is the endoactive derivation of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

佑 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to aid”), 祐 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “(of divinity) to assist; to bless”), 宥 (OC *ɢʷɯs, “to pardon; magnanimous”) are exoactive derivations of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ) (ibid.).

“(politics) right-wing”
Semantic loan from English right, in turn a semantic loan from French droite.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • iou5 - vernacular;
  • iou4 - literary.
Rime
Character 右
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 云久切
Baxter hjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦiuX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuwX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭəuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 右
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjuwX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English right hand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 右
Reading # 1/2
No. 15597
Phonetic
component 		又
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		有
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷɯʔ/

Definitions

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右

  1. right (direction)
    右手  ―  yòushǒu  ―  right hand
  2. (nautical) starboard
    右舷  ―  yòuxián  ―  starboardside
  3. west; areas to the west
  4. (historical) right side as the side of precedence
  5. (politics) right-wing
  6. (chemistry) dextro-
    右美沙芬  ―  yòuměishāfēn  ―  dextromethorphan
  7. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 右 (“right”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 右
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 右
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 右
Taiwan 右
Chengde 右
Chifeng 右
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 右
Heihe 右
Qiqihar 右
Harbin 右
Jiamusi 右
Baicheng 右
Changchun 右
Tonghua 右
Shenyang 右
Jinzhou 右
Malaysia 右
Singapore 右
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 右
Tangshan 右
Cangzhou 右
Baoding 右
Shijiazhuang 右
Lijin 右
Jinan 右
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 右
Dandong 右
Yantai 右
Qingdao 右
Zhucheng 右
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 右
Jining 右
Wanrong 右
Linfen 右
Shangqiu 右
Yuanyang 右
Zhengzhou 右
Xinyang 右
Baihe 右
Xi'an 右
Baoji 右
Tianshui 右
Xining 右
Xuzhou 右
Fuyang 右
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 右
Lanzhou 右
Dunhuang 右
Hami 右
Ürümqi 右
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 右
Nanchong 右
Dazhou 右
Hanyuan 右
Xichang 右
Zigong 右
Chongqing 右
Wuhan 右
Yichang 右
Xiangyang 右
Tianmen 右
Guiyang 右
Zunyi 右
Bijie 右
Liping 右
Zhaotong 右
Dali 右
Kunming 右
Mengzi 右
Guilin 右
Liuzhou 右
Jishou 右
Changde 右
Hanzhong 右
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 右
Yangzhou 右
Lianyungang 右
Lianshui 右
Nantong 右
Anqing 右
Wuhu 右
Hefei 右
Hong'an 右
Cantonese Guangzhou 右
Hong Kong 右
Macau 右
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 右
Singapore (Guangfu) 右
Gan Lichuan 右
Huizhou Shexian 右
Jin Taiyuan 右
Yangyuan 右
Datong 右
Xinzhou 右
Lüliang (Lishi) 右
Changzhi 右
Linhe 右
Jining 右
Hohhot 右
Erenhot 右
Pingshan 右
Zhangjiakou 右
Handan 右
Linzhou 右
Suide 右
Eastern Min Fuzhou 右
Southern Min Xiamen 正
Quanzhou 正
Zhangzhou 正
Taipei 正
New Taipei (Sanxia) 正
Kaohsiung 正
Yilan 正
Changhua (Lukang) 正
Taichung 正
Tainan 正
Hsinchu 正
Kinmen 正
Penghu (Magong) 正
Penang (Hokkien) 正
Singapore (Hokkien) 正
Manila (Hokkien) 正
Chaozhou 正
Shantou 正
Jieyang 正
Singapore (Teochew) 正
Wenchang 右
Antonyms
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  • 左 (zuǒ, “left”)

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 右
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于救切
Baxter hjuwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦiuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuwH/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuH/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭəuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯ə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jau6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 右
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yòu
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjuwH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s/ (~ *m-qʷəʔ)
English right hand

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 右
Reading # 2/2
No. 15604
Phonetic
component 		又
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		宥
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷɯs/

Definitions

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右

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 佑 (yòu, “to assist”).
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Original form of 祐 (yòu, “to protect; to bless”).
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to take somebody's side
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Alternative form of 侑 (yòu, “to urge somebody to eat or drink”)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (右):
  • → Japanese: 右(う) (u); 右(ゆう) (yū)
  • → Korean: 우(右) (u)
  • → Vietnamese: hữu (右)

Others:

  • → Bouyei: gvaz (“right”)
  • → Lao: ຂວາ (khuā, “right”)
  • → Lü: ᦧᦱ (ẋwaa, “right”)
  • → Northern Thai: ᨡ᩠ᩅᩣ (“right”)
  • → Shan: ၶႂႃ (khwǎa, “right”)
  • → Thai: ขวา (kwǎa, “right”)
  • → Zhuang: gvaz (“right”)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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右

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. right
  2. conservative
  3. right-wing, right fielder
  4. respect for
  5. aid, assist, counsel

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
右
みぎ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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右(みぎ) • (migi) 

  1. right (direction)
    私(わたし)は右(みぎ)の目(め)が見(み)えない。
    Watashi wa migi no me ga mienai.
    I can't see with my right eye.
    • 1999 July 22, “封(ふう)印(いん)されし者(もの)の右(みぎ)足(あし) [Right Leg of the Sealed One]”, in Vol.4, Konami:
      封(ふう)印(いん)された右(みぎ)足(あし)。封(ふう)印(いん)を解(と)くと、無(む)限(げん)の力(ちから)を得(え)られる。
      Fūinsareta migiashi. Fūin o toku to, mugen no chikara o erareru.
      A sealed right leg. Whosoever breaks the seal shall earn infinite power.
  2. (in vertical writing of Japanese, with columns running right to left) the above statement, foregoing
  3. (politics) the right wing, a rightist
  4. (historical) a superior during in the Chinese Warring States period
    Synonym: 上位 (jōi)
Antonyms
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  • (antonym(s) of “right, rightist”): 左(ひだり) (hidari, “left”)
Derived terms
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Proverbs
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
右
みぎり
Grade: 1
irregular

The final り (ri) is likely by analogy with its antonym 左 (hidari, “left”).[3]

Noun

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右(みぎり) • (migiri) 

  1. (archaic) Same as みぎ (migi) above

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
右
ゆう
Grade: 1
kan'on

The “right (direction)” and “respect, esteem, value” senses are from Middle Chinese 右 (MC hjuwX).

The “aid, assist” sense is from Middle Chinese 右 / 佑 (MC hjuwH).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Affix

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右(ゆう) • (yū) ←いう (iu)?

  1. right (direction)
  2. respect; esteem; value
  3. Alternative form of 佑 (yū, “aid; assist”)

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
右
う
Grade: 1
goon

From Middle Chinese 右 (MC hjuwX).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Prefix

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右(う) • (u-) 

  1. right (direction)
  2. (politics) right-wing
  3. (baseball) right fielder
  4. (history, government) "of the right", junior or subordinate to 左 (sa-, “of the left”)
    右(う)衛(え)門(もん)
    Uemon
    the Gate Guard of the Right
    右(う)大(だい)臣(じん)
    Udaijin
    the Minister of the Right

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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Hanja

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右 (eumhun 오른쪽 우 (oreunjjok u))

  1. hanja form? of 우 (“right (direction)”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Hanja

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右 (eumhun 도울 우 (doul u))

  1. hanja form? of 우 (“to help; to aid; to assist; to give a hand”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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右: Hán Nôm readings: hữu

  1. right (direction)
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