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云

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 雲
云 U+4E91, 云
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E91
← 亐
[U+4E90] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 互 →
[U+4E92]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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云 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一一戈 (MMI), four-corner 10731, composition ⿱二厶 or ⿱一𠫔)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 86, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 254
  • Dae Jaweon: page 178, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 384, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4E91

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 云
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Small seal script
s08529
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (云) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
魂 *ɢuːn
沄 *ɢuːn, *ɢun
忶 *ɢuːn, *ɢuns
囩 *ɢun
夽 *ŋunʔ
雲 *ɢun
芸 *ɢun
耘 *ɢun
妘 *ɢun
紜 *ɢun
云 *ɢun
耺 *ɢun
蕓 *ɢun
澐 *ɢun
橒 *ɢun
抎 *ɢunʔ

Pictogram (象形) : a stylized picture of clouds. The derivative 雲 now refers to the original word.

Jiajie (假借) - The character was subsequently borrowed for a near-homophone meaning "to say", and the original meaning came to be represented by 雲 (OC *ɢun), through the addition of a semantic component 雨 (“rain”).

The simplified form adopted by the People's Republic of China in the 1950s eliminates this later addition and uses 云 for both "to say" and "cloud".

Etymology 1

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For pronunciation and definitions of 云 – see 雲 (“cloud; cloud; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant form of 雲).
Notes:

Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 云
alternative forms 廵 ("to stroll") Hokkien
巡 ("to stroll") Hokkien
Wikipedia has an article on:

Perhaps cognate to 謂 (OC *ɢuds) (Wang Li, 1982).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 云
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 王分切
Baxter hjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨun/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦiun/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣiuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦun/
Li
Rong 		/ɣiuən/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭuən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 云
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yún
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hjun ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]ʷə[r]/
English say

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 云
Reading # 1/1
No. 16363
Phonetic
component 		云
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		雲
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢun/

Definitions

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云

  1. (literary) to say; to speak (used when quoting from a source)
  2. A particle.
  3. a surname:
    1. originated from 妘 (yún)
    2. originated from Zhou dynasty feudal state of 䢵
    3. originated from surname 牒云
    4. simplified from 雲
  4. (Quanzhou, Xiamen and Philippine Hokkien) to go on a pleasure trip; to roam around; to stroll; to saunter; to go for a walk
  5. (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 云 (MC hjun), equivalent to the 3rd 等 (děng) of the initial 喻 (MC yuH)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 說 (“to say, to speak”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 言, 云, 曰, 道
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 說, 道 literary
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 說
Taiwan 說, 講
Malaysia 說, 講
Singapore 說, 講
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 說
Jinan 說
Jiaoliao Mandarin Qingdao 說, 講
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 說
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 說
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 說
Wuhan 說
Guilin 講
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 講
Pematangsiantar 講
Jianghuai Mandarin Hefei 講
Cantonese Guangzhou 講, 話
Hong Kong 講, 話
Macau 講, 話
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 講, 話
Zhuhai (Doumen) 講
Taishan 話
Taishan (Guanghai) 講
Yunfu 話
Yangjiang 講, 話
Beihai 講
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 講
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 講
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 講
Danzhou 講
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 講, 話
Penang (Guangfu) 講, 話
Singapore (Guangfu) 講, 話
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 講
Móng Cái 講
Mandalay (Taishan) 講
Gan Nanchang 話
Hakka Meixian 講, 話
Wuhua (Meilin) 講
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 講
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 講
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 講
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 講
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 講
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 講
Hong Kong 講
Kuching (Hepo) 講
Singapore (Dabu) 講
Huizhou Jixi 講
Jin Taiyuan 說
Northern Min Jian'ou 話
Eastern Min Fuzhou 講
Fuqing 講
Singapore (Fuqing) 講
Southern Min Xiamen 講
Xiamen (Tong'an) 講
Quanzhou 說
Jinjiang 說
Shishi 說, 講
Zhangzhou 講
Zhao'an 呾, 講
Dongshan 講
Taipei 講
Kaohsiung 講
Tainan 講
Penang (Hokkien) 講
Singapore (Hokkien) 講
Manila (Hokkien) 說, 講
Chaozhou 呾
Raoping 呾
Shantou 呾
Shantou (Chenghai) 呾
Shantou (Chaoyang) 呾
Jieyang 呾
Lufeng 講
Haifeng 講
Bangkok (Teochew) 呾
Phnom Penh (Teochew) 呾
Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 呾
Singapore (Teochew) 呾
Pontianak (Teochew) 呾
Leizhou 講
Wenchang 講
Haikou 講
Qionghai 講
Singapore (Hainanese) 講
Puxian Min Putian 講
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 講
Southern Pinghua Binyang 講, 說
Wu Shanghai 講
Shanghai (Chongming) 話
Suzhou 講, 說
Hangzhou 說, 話, 講
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 講, 話
Ningbo 講, 話
Wenzhou 講
Xiang Changsha 講
Xiangtan 講
Xiangxiang 講
Xiangxiang (Meiqiao) 講
Shuangfeng 曰, 講

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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云

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. say

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
云
うん
Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 云 (MC hjun).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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云(うん) • (un) 

  1. say

Derived terms

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Derived terms

Korean

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Hanja

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云 (eum 운 (un))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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云: Hán Việt readings: vân (于(vu)分(phân)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
云: Nôm readings: vân[1][2][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of vân (“to say; to speak”).

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Trần (2004).
  4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  5. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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