互

See also: 亙

互 U+4E92, 互 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E92 ← 云 [U+4E91] CJK Unified Ideographs 亓 → [U+4E93]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

互 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一女弓一 (MVNM), four-corner 1010₇, composition ⿱一彑)

Derived characters

• 仾 冱 坘 枑 沍 䊺 魱 宐 䇘 𠯞 𪥦 𢎸 𢗝 𢪔 𣅥 𪸒 𤜷 𥘡 𦍞 𦙁 𦨝 𧘢 𧥮 𧿟 𨋆 𨠂 𨥛 𨸧 𩉱 𩚢 𪏳 𧺳 𨚎 𩿍 𡗨 𦊂 𦊍 𦬚 𠀕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 86, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 255
• Dae Jaweon: page 178, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 14, character 1
• Unihan data for U+4E92

Chinese

simp. and trad.		互
alternative forms		弖

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 互
Small seal script s03386 s03387 Transcribed ancient scripts L20734 L20735 L20736
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (互) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
魱	*ɡaː
互	*ɡaːs
冱	*ɡaːs
枑	*ɡaːs

Ideogram (指事): 牙 and a distinguishing mark. Early texts often used 互 and 牙 interchangeably.

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hù (hu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wu⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fu¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): hô
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hou⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hu⁶

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): hu⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hù
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hù
    • Wade–Giles: hu⁴
    • Yale: hù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huh
    • Palladius: ху (xu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wu⁶
    • Yale: wuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: wu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu
    • Hakka Romanization System: fu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /fu⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hou⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔu²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
    • Tâi-lô: hōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ho
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hu⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³⁵/
  • (Leizhou)
    • Leizhou Pinyin: hu⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /hu³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: huH

Rime
Character	互
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡誤切
Baxter	huH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuoH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuoH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣoH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔH/
Li Rong	/ɣoH/
Wang Li	/ɣuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuoH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qˤaʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	互
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hù
Middle Chinese	‹ huH ›
Old Chinese	/*m-qˁaʔ-s/
English	intertwining
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	互
Reading #	1/1
No.	5288
Phonetic component	互
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	護
Old Chinese	/*ɡaːs/

Definitions

互

1. mutually; reciprocally

   • 荒路曖交通，鷄犬互鳴吠 [MSC, trad.]
     荒路暧交通，鸡犬互鸣吠 [MSC, simp.]

     From: Tao Yuanming The Peach Blossom Spring (桃花源記) (trans. Herbert Allen Giles)

     huāng lù ài jiāotōng, jī quǎn hù míng fèi [Pinyin]

     Highways of traffic ran north and south; sounds of crowing cocks and barking dogs were heard around.

2. mutual
3. crisscrossing; intertwining
4. ^† Alternative form of 䇘 (hù, “a tool to wind up cord”)
5. ^† Alternative form of 枑 (hù, “wooden rack”)
6. ^† error; mistake
7. ^† gate
8. ^† crustacean
9. a surname

Usage notes

• 互 (hù) usually modifies a verb of one syllable, while its negative 互不 usually modifies a verb of two.

Compounds

• 互不侵犯
• 互不相讓 / 互不相让 (hùbùxiāngràng)
• 互保
• 互信 (hùxìn)
• 互切互磋
• 互利 (hùlì)
• 互別苗頭 / 互别苗头
• 互助 (hùzhù, “to help each other”)
• 互助合作
• 互助會 / 互助会 (hùzhùhuì)
• 互勉 (hùmiǎn)
• 互動 / 互动 (hùdòng, “interactive”)
• 互動媒體 / 互动媒体
• 互動式 / 互动式 (hùdòngshì)
• 互定
• 互市 (hùshì)
• 互惠 (hùhuì)
• 互惠原則 / 互惠原则
• 互惠關稅 / 互惠关税
• 互感應 / 互感应 (hùgǎnyìng)
• 互換 / 互换 (hùhuàn)
• 互毆 / 互殴 (hù'ōu)
• 互物
• 互生
• 互用
• 互異 / 互异
• 互相 (hùxiāng, “each other”)
• 互相為謀 / 互相为谋 (hùxiāngwéimóu)
• 互粉 (hùfěn, “to follow or friend each other”)
• 互補 / 互补 (hùbǔ)
• 互補色 / 互补色 (hùbǔsè)
• 互見 / 互见
• 互角
• 互訓 / 互训
• 互託肝膽 / 互托肝胆
• 互調 / 互调
• 互讓 / 互让 (hùràng)
• 互質 / 互质 (hùzhì)
• 互通 (hùtōng)
• 互通有無 / 互通有无
• 互選 / 互选
• 互鄉 / 互乡
• 交互作用
• 仁智互見 / 仁智互见
• 共榮互利 / 共荣互利 (“to benefit mutually and prosper together”)
• 利弊互見 / 利弊互见
• 反目互毆 / 反目互殴
• 平等互惠
• 犬牙差互
• 瑕瑜互見 / 瑕瑜互见
• 盤互 / 盘互
• 相互 (xiānghù)
• 相互作用 (xiānghù zuòyòng)
• 社會互動 / 社会互动 (shèhuì hùdòng)
• 舛互
• 輪互 / 轮互
• 轚互 / 𰺟互
• 館際互借 / 馆际互借 (guǎnjì hùjiè)
• 首尾乖互

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hou⁷

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
    • Tâi-lô: hōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ho
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hou⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hōu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou¹¹/

Definitions

互

1. (Southern Min) Alternative form of 予

Japanese

Kanji

互

(Jōyō kanji)

1. mutually, reciprocally

Readings

• Go-on: ご (go, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: こ (ko)
• Kun: たがい (tagai, 互い, Jōyō)^{←たがひ (tagafi, 互ひ, historical)}

Compounds

• 相(そう)互(ご) (sōgo)
• 互(ご)角(かく) (gokaku)
• 交(こう)互(ご) (kōgo)
• 互(ご)換(かん) (gokan)
• 互(ご)選(せん) (gosen)
• 互(ご)助(じょ) (gojo)

Korean

Hanja

互 (eum 호 (ho))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

互: Hán Nôm readings: hỗ, hổ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation