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胡

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 楜, 衚, and 鬍
胡 U+80E1, 胡
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80E1
← 胠
[U+80E0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 胢 →
[U+80E2]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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胡 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十口月 (JRB), four-corner 47620, composition ⿰古月(GJKV) or ⿰古⺼(HT))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 979, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29400
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1431, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2056, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+80E1

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 胡
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
箇 *kaːls
個 *kaːls
居 *kɯ, *kas
橭 *kaː, *kʰaː
嫴 *kaː
姑 *kaː
辜 *kaː
酤 *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄 *kaː
鴣 *kaː
沽 *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬 *kaː, *kaːʔ
古 *kaːʔ
罟 *kaːʔ
估 *kaːʔ
鈷 *kaːʔ
詁 *kaːʔ
牯 *kaːʔ
故 *kaːs
固 *kaːs
稒 *kaːɡs
痼 *kaːɡs
錮 *kaːɡs
鯝 *kaːɡs
棝 *kaːɡs
凅 *kaːɡs
枯 *kʰaː
軲 *kʰaː
跍 *kʰaː
骷 *kʰaː
苦 *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫 *qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬 *ɡaː
瑚 *ɡaː
湖 *ɡaː
鶘 *ɡaː
猢 *ɡaː
醐 *ɡaː
糊 *ɡaː
箶 *ɡaː
蝴 *ɡaː
胡 *ɡaː
瓳 *ɡaː
怙 *ɡaːʔ
祜 *ɡaːʔ
岵 *ɡaːʔ
婟 *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛 *ɡaːʔ
据 *ka
裾 *ka
琚 *ka
椐 *ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋 *ka
蜛 *ka
崌 *ka
涺 *ka
腒 *ka, *ɡa
鋸 *kas
倨 *kas
踞 *kas
涸 *ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡaː) : phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) + semantic ⺼.

Etymology 1

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trad. 胡
simp. # 胡
"dewlap"
A derivative is 鬍 (“beard”) (Schuessler, 2007).
"steppe nomads"
Etymology unknown (Schuessler, 2007).
interrogative word ("what; why; how")
Cognate with 何 (OC *ɡaːl, “what; where; why; how”), Tibetan ག་ན (ga na, “where; how”), Tibetan ག་རུ (ga ru, “to where”) (Schuessler, 2007). See 何 (hé) for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ô͘ - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • hô͘ - literary.
Note:
  • hu5 - literary;
  • ou5 - surname.
Rime
Character 胡
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸吳切
Baxter hu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦuo/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣo/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦɔ/
Li
Rong 		/ɣo/
Wang
Li 		/ɣu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣuo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 胡
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hu ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁa/
English foreigners in the north

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 胡
Reading # 1/1
No. 4255
Phonetic
component 		古
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		胡
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡaː/

Definitions

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胡

  1. (obsolete) wattle; dewlap (fleshy lobe hanging from the head or neck of animals)
  2. (obsolete) wattle-like object, such as pendent parts on implements
  3. (literary) how; why; what
  4. (historical) barbarian; a generic term for any non-Han peoples who lived to the north and west of China's borders
    胡人  ―  húrén  ―  foreigner
  5. (historical) countries and peoples in the Western Regions, including Persia, Daqin, and in Pre-Tang texts, India
  6. (by extension) introduced from the northern or western non-Han peoples or from abroad; non-Chinese; foreign; imported
    胡桃  ―  hútáo  ―  walnut
    胡蘿蔔／胡萝卜  ―  húluóbo  ―  carrot
  7. Short for 胡琴 (húqín, “huqin; general term for two-stringed bowed instruments with origins in the western non-Han peoples”).
    二胡  ―  èrhú  ―  erhu
    板胡  ―  bǎnhú  ―  banhu
  8. (historical) (～國) State of Hu in the Spring and Autumn Period in modern-day Anhui, conquered by the State of Chu in 496 BCE
  9. (obsolete) black; dark-skinned
  10. (in compounds) great; big; senior
    胡蜂  ―  húfēng  ―  wasp
  11. outrageously; recklessly; wildly; foolishly
    胡說／胡说  ―  húshuō  ―  to talk nonsense
    胡搞  ―  húgǎo  ―  to mess around
  12. a surname
    胡錦濤／胡锦涛  ―  Hú Jǐntāo  ―  Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 2002 to 2012
Synonyms
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  • (why):
Dialectal synonyms of 為什麼 (“why”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 何為, 何以, 何, 何故, 緣何, 胡, 奚, 曷, 胡為
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 為什麼, 為何, 因何, 何以
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 為什麼, 幹嗎, 幹什麼
Taiwan 為什麼
Harbin 為啥
Malaysia 為什麼, 做什麼, 做麼
Singapore 為什麼, 做什麼, 做麼
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 為嘛
Jinan 為麼兒, 為麼, 幹麼兒, 為什麼
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 為麼, 為麼個
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 為啥, 因啥
Xining 為啥
Xuzhou 為啥, 擁啥, 擁什麼
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 為啥
Lanzhou 為啥
Ürümqi 為啥
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 為啥子, 做啥子
Wuhan 做麼事, 為麼事
Guiyang 為哪樣, 為些哪樣
Guilin 為什麼
Liuzhou 為什麼
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 為什麼
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 為什麼
Yangzhou 甚們事, 做事, 做啥, 為甚們 formal
Hefei 怎搞, 怎搞的
Cantonese Guangzhou 點解, 做乜, 做乜嘢, 為乜, 為乜為物, 做乜事幹, 因乜事幹, 因乜解究, 因乜緣故, 何解, 乜, 咩
Hong Kong 點解, 做乜, 做乜嘢, 做咩, 為乜, 為咩, 做乜事幹, 因乜事幹, 因乜解究, 因咩解究, 因乜緣故, 何解, 乜, 咩
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 做乜嘢
Macau 為乜嘢
Guangzhou (Panyu) 點解
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 整乜嘢
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 做乜嘢
Foshan 點解
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 點解
Foshan (Shunde) 為乜嘢
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 因乜嘢, 點解
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 為乜嘢
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 為乜嘢
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 點解
Zhuhai (Doumen) 點解
Jiangmen (Baisha) 點解
Taishan 幾何, 幾解, 做乜, 為乜, 乜頭路
Kaiping (Chikan) 幾解
Enping (Niujiang) 做乜
Dongguan 點解, 做乜嘢, 做乜, 為乜嘢
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 點解
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 點解
Yangjiang 為乜, 為乜事, 做乜, 做乜事, 做乜嘢
Hepu (Lianzhou) 為物底
Qinzhou 為乜嘢, 為乜
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 為乜底
Beihai 為乜嘢
Beihai (Nankang) 做乜嘢
Beihai (Yingpan) 為乜底
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 做乜嘢, 為乜
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 做乜嘢
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 做乜嘢, 為乜
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 點解
Singapore (Guangfu) 點解
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 做乜嘢
Móng Cái 點解, 為乜
Yangon (Taishan) 幾解
Gan Nanchang 為什哩
Pingxiang 為咋個, 為咋哩, 做咋個, 做咋哩, 何解
Hakka Meixian 做麼個
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 做乜嘢, 做嘢
Dongguan (Qingxi) 做麼個
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 做麼個
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 仰解, 做乜嘢
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 為乜嘢
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 為麼個
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 做麼個
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 做麼個
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 做麼個
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 做麼個
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 做麼個
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 做麼個
Hong Kong 做麼個
Kuching (Hepo) 做乜個
Jin Taiyuan 為甚, 因為甚, 幹什
Xinzhou 𠰻們
Northern Min Jian'ou 為孰事, 做孰事
Eastern Min Fuzhou 蔣其, 蔣講, 做什乇, 做什名, 幹乜勢, 傒勢
Fuzhou (Changle) 傒勢
Fuqing 介計
Yongtai 蔣其
Gutian 做什乇
Fu'an 做乜乇
Ningde 做乇
Shouning 做呢乇
Zhouning 做乜乇
Fuding 做哪乇
Matsu 為什乇, 蔣其, 蔣講, 做什乇, 傒勢
Southern Min Xiamen 為什物, 按怎, 物代, 敢咧, 創什物
Quanzhou 按怎, 物代
Jinjiang 為啥物
Zhangzhou 按怎
Zhao'an 為甚物
Dongshan 為甚物
Taipei 為啥物, 是按怎
Penang (Hokkien) 何物事, 做物事, 做物
Singapore (Hokkien) 按怎
Manila (Hokkien) 敢哪, 敢哪誌
Chaozhou 做呢
Shantou 做呢
Shantou (Chaoyang) 做呢
Singapore (Teochew) 做呢
Leizhou 作乜, 因乜
Wenchang 作乜, 因乜, 怎作
Haikou 作乜, 作個乜, 作乜物, 因乜, 因個乜
Singapore (Hainanese) 作乜
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 為乜嘢
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 做門, 做哪門, 為哪門
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 為什個
Wu Shanghai 啥體, 為啥, 做啥, 啥講究, 為啥體, 啥個講究, 啥道理, 為啥道理, 啥個路道, 啥個緣故
Shanghai (Chongming) 為何, 做何
Suzhou 為啥, 為點啥, 做啥, 啥體, 為啥體
Danyang 為點高, 做點高
Hangzhou 為啥
Wenzhou 妝乜, 為何呢, 為乜事幹
Jinhua 為淡事幹, 為待西
Xiang Changsha 為麼子, 何解
Xiangtan 奚解
Loudi 嗎介
Shuangfeng 為麼子, 做麼子
  • (barbarian): 番 (fān)
Descendants
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  • → English: Hu, Hoo, Wu, Woo, Oh
Compounds
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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 鬍 (“beard; moustache; whiskers”).
(This character is the simplified form of 鬍).
Notes:

Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 衚.
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 衚).
Notes:

Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 葫 (“garlic”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 葫).
Notes:

Etymology 5

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For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 猢.
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 猢).
Notes:

Etymology 6

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For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 蝴 (“butterfly”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 蝴).
Notes:

Etymology 7

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For pronunciation and definitions of 胡 – see 糊 (“congee; rice gruel; porridge; to eat gruel to allay one's hunger; etc.”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 糊).
Notes:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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胡

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: ぐ (gu)、ご (go)
  • Kan-on: こ (ko)
  • Tō-on: う (u)
  • Kun: えびす (ebisu, 胡)、なんぞ (nanzo, 胡ぞ)

Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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胡 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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胡: Hán Nôm readings: hồ, hò, ha

  1. chữ Hán form of Hồ (“a surname”).
    胡春香 ― Hồ Xuân Hương
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