錦

See also: 锦

錦	U+9326, 錦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9326

← 錥
[U+9325]

CJK Unified Ideographs

錧 →
[U+9327]

Translingual

Han character

錦 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+8, 16 strokes, cangjie input 金竹日月 (CHAB), four-corner 8612₇, composition ⿰釒帛)

Derived characters

𡄎, 𢥅, 𢸼, 𣟡, 𥌹, 𬬃, 𧃃, 𥷏

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1311, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40569
Dae Jaweon: page 1812, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4222, character 2
Unihan data for U+9326

Chinese

trad.		錦
simp.		锦

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (金) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
淦	kɯːm, kɯːms
顉	ŋɯːmʔ, ŋ̊ʰrɯm, *ŋ̊ʰɯmʔ
金	*krɯm
錦	*krɯmʔ
欽	*kʰrɯm
菳	*kʰrɯm
嶔	*kʰrɯm
撳	*kʰrɯms
捦	*ɡrɯm
鵭	*ɡrɯm
唫	ɡrɯmʔ, ŋɡrɯm
鈙	*ɡrɯms
崟	*ŋɡrɯm
趛	*ŋɡrɯmʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krɯmʔ) : phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm) + semantic 帛.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐn (jin³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kím

(Meixian, Guangdong): gim³
Eastern Min (BUC): gīng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kím / gím

(Teochew, Peng'im): gim²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jǐn
  - Wade–Giles: chin³
  - Yale: jǐn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiin
  - Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gam²
  - Yale: gám
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kím
  - Hakka Romanization System: gim^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gim³
  - Sinological IPA: /kim³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gim³
  - Sinological IPA: /kim³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kím
  - Tâi-lô: kím
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiem
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /kim⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kim⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gím
  - Tâi-lô: gím
  - Phofsit Daibuun: giem
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡim⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡim⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gim²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kím
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kim⁵²/

Middle Chinese: kimX

Rime
Character	錦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居飲切
Baxter	kimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiɪm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚim^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kiem^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kjim^X/
Li Rong	/kjəm^X/
Wang Li	/kĭĕm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯əm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.k(r)[ə]mʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*krɯmʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	錦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ kim^X ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.k(r)[ə]mʔ/
English	brocade
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	錦
Reading #	1/1
No.	6680
Phonetic component	金
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	錦
Old Chinese	/*krɯmʔ/

Definitions

錦

brocade; tapestry; polychrome woven silk.
embroidered
bright and beautiful

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

錦

(Jōyō kanji)

brocade

Readings

Go-on: こん (kon)^{←こん (kon, historical)}^{←こむ (komu, ancient)}
Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)^{←きん (kin, historical)}^{←きむ (kimu, ancient)}
Kun: にしき (nishiki, 錦, Jōyō)
Nanori: あや (aya)、かね (kane)

Compounds

錦(きん)繍(しゅう) (kinshū)
錦(きん)嚢(のう) (kinnō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
錦
にしき Grade: S
kun'yomi

Originally a compound of 丹 (ni, “red”) + 頻 (shiki, “repetition”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) にしき [níꜜshìkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɲ̟iɕi̥kʲi]

Noun

錦(にしき) • (nishiki)

brocade (generic name for weaving fabrics with various colored threads)
a word expressing beauty (for example, colors or patterns) (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Derived terms

錦木(ニシキギ) (nishiki-gi)
錦草(にしきぐさ) (nishiki-gusa)
錦衣(ニシキゴロモ) (nishiki-goromo)
錦草(ニシキソウ) (nishiki-sō)
錦蛇(にしきへび) (nishiki hebi)
綾錦(あやにしき) (ayanishiki)
高麗(こま)錦(にしき), 狛(こま)錦(にしき) (Koma nishiki)
紅葉(もみじ)の錦(にしき) (momiji no nishiki, “brocade of autumn leaves”)
大和(やまと)錦(にしき), 倭(やまと)錦(にしき) (Yamato nishiki)

Idioms

錦(にしき)を飾(かざ)る (nishiki o kazaru)
錦(にしき)を着(き)て夜(よる)行(ゆ)くが如(ごと)し (nishiki o kite yoru yuku ga gotoshi)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 錦 (MC kimX). Recorded as Middle Korean 금〯 (kǔm) (Yale: kum) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

錦

Wikisource

錦 (eumhun 비단 금 (bidan geum))

hanja form^? of 금 (“brocade”)

Compounds

금수 (錦繡, geumsu)
금강 (錦江, Geumgang)
지금 (地錦, jigeum)
추금 (秋錦, chugeum)
금상첨화 (錦上添花, geumsangcheomhwa)
금의환향 (錦衣還鄕, geumuihwanhyang)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

錦: Hán Nôm readings: cẩm, gấm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]