飲
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]飲 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+4, 13 strokes, cangjie input 人戈弓人 (OINO), four-corner 87782, composition ⿰飠欠)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1417, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44063
- Dae Jaweon: page 1941, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4445, character 7
- Unihan data for U+98F2
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 飲 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
| 嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
| 僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
| 酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
| 馠 | *qʰɯːm |
| 谽 | *qʰɯːm |
| 唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
| 含 | *ɡɯːm |
| 肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 筨 | *ɡɯːm |
| 梒 | *ɡɯːm |
| 鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
| 莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
| 琀 | *ɡɯːms |
| 浛 | *ɡɯːms |
| 盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
| 韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
| 玪 | *krɯːm |
| 妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
| 欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
| 黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 鈐 | *ɡram |
| 鳹 | *ɡram |
| 雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 念 | *nɯːms |
| 梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
| 枔 | *sɢrɯm |
| 岑 | *sɡrɯm |
| 笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
| 涔 | *sɡrɯm |
| 侺 | *ɡjɯms |
| 今 | *krɯm |
| 黅 | *krɯm |
| 衿 | *krɯm |
| 衾 | *kʰrɯm |
| 坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
| 搇 | *kʰrɯms |
| 琴 | *ɡrɯm |
| 禽 | *ɡrɯm |
| 芩 | *ɡrɯm |
| 庈 | *ɡrɯm |
| 耹 | *ɡrɯm |
| 靲 | *ɡrɯm |
| 擒 | *ɡrɯm |
| 檎 | *ɡrɯm |
| 紟 | *ɡrɯms |
| 吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
| 訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
| 廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
| 陰 | *qrɯm |
| 霠 | |
| 飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
| 蔭 | *qrɯms |
| 廕 | *qrɯms |
| 矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
In the oracle bone script, it was an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 酉 (“bottle (of alcoholic beverages)”) + 人 (“person”) + 口 (“mouth (occasionally with the tongue protruding)”) – a person bending over a bottle to drink the alcoholic beverage. The droplets represented drops of the drink or saliva.
In the bronze script, the mouth separated from the body and corrupted into 今 (OC *krɯm), while the rest of the body became 欠 (OC *kʰoms). These two components also acted as phonetic components. These changes were inherited in the seal script, leading Shuowen to interpret this character (㱃) as a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms): phonetic 酓 (OC *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms) + semantic 欠 (“yawn”).
In the clerical script, 酓 has been modified to 食 (“to eat”), which is inherited in the current form.
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔam (“to eat; to drink”).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]| trad. | 飲 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 饮 | |
| alternative forms | ||
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yin3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): in3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ing2
- Northern Min (KCR): ěng / ǎing
- Eastern Min (BUC): īng / āng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing3 / ang3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5in
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): in3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǐn
- Wade–Giles: yin3
- Yale: yǐn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiin
- Palladius: инь (inʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /in²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yin3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
- Sinological IPA (key): /in⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jam2
- Yale: yám
- Cantonese Pinyin: jam2
- Guangdong Romanization: yem2
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐm³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngim2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡim⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: in3
- Sinological IPA (key): /in²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yím
- Hakka Romanization System: imˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yim3
- Sinological IPA: /im³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yím
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)imˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yim3
- Sinological IPA: /(j)im³¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: rhimˊ
- Sinological IPA: /ʒim²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ing2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /iŋ⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ěng / ǎing
- Sinological IPA (key): /eiŋ²¹/, /aiŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
Note:
- ěng - literary;
- ǎing - colloquial (“rice water”).
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: īng / āng
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ³³/, /aŋ³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- īng - literary;
- āng - colloquial (“rice water”).
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ing3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: îng
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ing3
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ³³²/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ang3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: âng
- Sinological IPA (key): /aŋ⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /aŋ³³²/
- (Putian)
Note:
- ing3 - literary;
- ang3 - colloquial (“cooked rice soup”).
- Southern Min
Note:
- ím - literary;
- ám - colloquial (“rice water; sticky and watery”).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: im2 / am2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ím / ám
- Sinological IPA (key): /im⁵²/, /am⁵²/
Note:
- im2 - literary;
- am2 - colloquial (“rice water”).
- Middle Chinese: 'imX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*q(r)[u]mʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯmʔ/
Definitions
[edit]飲
- (literary or Cantonese, Hakka) to drink
- (Cantonese) to attend a banquet
- to swallow (tears); to nurse (grievance); to keep in the heart
- Alternative form of 隱 / 隐 (“to hide; to conceal”)
- beverage; drink
- diet; food
- (dialectal Cantonese, including Taishanese, Yangjiang; dialectal Gan; dialectal Hakka; Min) rice water
- (Xiamen, Zhangping and Taiwanese Hokkien) sticky and watery
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 一飲一啄 / 一饮一啄
- 一飲一啄，莫非前定 / 一饮一啄，莫非前定 (yīyǐnyīzhuó, mòfēiqiándìng)
- 一飲而盡 / 一饮而尽 (yīyǐn'érjìn)
- 不飲盜泉 / 不饮盗泉
- 低鹽飲食 / 低盐饮食
- 偃鼠飲河 / 偃鼠饮河
- 冷飲 / 冷饮 (lěngyǐn)
- 劇飲 / 剧饮
- 卯飲 / 卯饮
- 可飲水 / 可饮水
- 吞聲飲氣 / 吞声饮气
- 吞聲飲泣 / 吞声饮泣
- 吸風飲露 / 吸风饮露 (xīfēngyǐnlù)
- 啜菽飲水 / 啜菽饮水
- 啜飲 / 啜饮 (chuòyǐn)
- 啐飲 / 啐饮
- 圖書餐飲店 / 图书餐饮店
- 圖書餐飲複合式餐廳 / 图书餐饮复合式餐厅
- 如人飲水，冷暖自知 / 如人饮水，冷暖自知 (rú rén yǐnshuǐ, lěngnuǎn zìzhī)
- 如飲醍醐 / 如饮醍醐
- 宴飲 / 宴饮
- 寒天飲冷水 / 寒天饮冷水
- 寒門飲恨 / 寒门饮恨
- 射石飲羽 / 射石饮羽
- 對飲 / 对饮
- 山棲谷飲 / 山栖谷饮
- 崇飲 / 崇饮
- 巖居谷飲 / 岩居谷饮
- 帳飲 / 帐饮
- 平原十日飲 / 平原十日饮
- 弱水三千，只取一瓢飲 / 弱水三千，只取一瓢饮 (ruòshuǐsānqiān, zhǐ qǔ yīpiáo yǐn)
- 張飲 / 张饮
- 應弦飲羽 / 应弦饮羽
- 抔飲 / 抔饮 (póuyǐn)
- 掬飲 / 掬饮
- 文字飲 / 文字饮
- 日飲亡何 / 日饮亡何
- 暢飲 / 畅饮 (chàngyǐn)
- 暴飲暴食 / 暴饮暴食 (bàoyǐnbàoshí)
- 會飲 / 会饮
- 有氧飲料 / 有氧饮料
- 枕戈飲膽 / 枕戈饮胆
- 歠菽飲水 / 歠菽饮水
- 止渴飲鴆 / 止渴饮鸩
- 水飲 / 水饮
- 沒金飲羽 / 没金饮羽
- 泥飲 / 泥饮
- 沽飲 / 沽饮
- 洪飲 / 洪饮
- 浩飲 / 浩饮
- 渴飲飢餐 / 渴饮饥餐
- 溫和飲食 / 温和饮食
- 滴酒不飲 / 滴酒不饮
- 漿飲 / 浆饮
- 熱飲 / 热饮 (rèyǐn)
- 燕飲 / 燕饮
- 牛飲 / 牛饮 (niúyǐn)
- 狂飲 / 狂饮 (kuángyǐn)
- 猛飲 / 猛饮
- 生飲 / 生饮
- 疏食飲水 / 疏食饮水
- 痛飲 / 痛饮 (tòngyǐn)
- 痛飲黃龍 / 痛饮黄龙
- 痰飲 / 痰饮
- 禊飲 / 禊饮
- 簞食瓢飲 / 箪食瓢饮
- 自斟自飲 / 自斟自饮
- 茹毛飲血 / 茹毛饮血 (rúmáoyǐnxuè)
- 谷飲 / 谷饮
- 豪飲 / 豪饮
- 貪泉酌飲 / 贪泉酌饮
- 軟飲料 / 软饮料 (ruǎnyǐnliào)
- 轟飲 / 轰饮
- 運動飲料 / 运动饮料 (yùndòng yǐnliào)
- 鄉飲酒禮 / 乡饮酒礼
- 酌飲 / 酌饮
- 酣飲 / 酣饮 (hānyǐn)
- 鑿飲耕食 / 凿饮耕食
- 長夜飲 / 长夜饮
- 開飲機 / 开饮机
- 陪飲 / 陪饮
- 顛飲 / 颠饮
- 飢餐渴飲 / 饥餐渴饮
- 飲冰 / 饮冰
- 飲冰室文集 / 饮冰室文集
- 飲冰茹蘗 / 饮冰茹蘗
- 飲冰食蘗 / 饮冰食蘗
- 飲器 / 饮器
- 飲子 / 饮子 (yǐnzǐ)
- 飲宴 / 饮宴 (yǐnyàn)
- 飲彈 / 饮弹 (yǐndàn)
- 飲恨 / 饮恨 (yǐnhèn)
- 飲恨吞聲 / 饮恨吞声
- 飲恨而終 / 饮恨而终 (yǐnhèn'érzhōng)
- 飲料 / 饮料 (yǐnliào)
- 飲歌 / 饮歌
- 飲氣吞聲 / 饮气吞声
- 飲水 / 饮水 (yǐnshuǐ)
- 飲水啜菽 / 饮水啜菽
- 飲水器 / 饮水器
- 飲水思源 / 饮水思源 (yǐnshuǐsīyuán)
- 飲水曲肱 / 饮水曲肱
- 飲水機 / 饮水机 (yǐnshuǐjī)
- 飲水知源 / 饮水知源
- 飲水食菽 / 饮水食菽
- 飲泣 / 饮泣 (yǐnqì)
- 飲泣吞聲 / 饮泣吞声
- 飲河滿腹 / 饮河满腹
- 飲流懷源 / 饮流怀源
- 飲流霞 / 饮流霞
- 飲灰洗胃 / 饮灰洗胃
- 飲片 / 饮片
- 飲用 / 饮用 (yǐnyòng)
- 飲福 / 饮福
- 飲羽 / 饮羽
- 飲至 / 饮至
- 飲茶 / 饮茶 (yǐnchá)
- 飯蔬飲水 / 饭蔬饮水
- 飲血 / 饮血
- 飲血茹毛 / 饮血茹毛
- 飲酒 / 饮酒 (yǐnjiǔ)
- 飲酒作樂 / 饮酒作乐
- 飲醇自醉 / 饮醇自醉
- 飲露餐風 / 饮露餐风
- 飲章 / 饮章
- 飲風餐露 / 饮风餐露
- 飲食 / 饮食 (yǐnshí)
- 飲食不進 / 饮食不进
- 飲食之人 / 饮食之人
- 飲食男女 / 饮食男女 (yǐnshínánnǚ)
- 飲食療法 / 饮食疗法
- 飲食起居 / 饮食起居 (yǐnshíqǐjū)
- 飲餞 / 饮饯
- 飲饌 / 饮馔
- 飲鴆止渴 / 饮鸩止渴 (yǐnzhènzhǐkě)
- 餐松飲澗 / 餐松饮涧
- 餐風飲露 / 餐风饮露
- 餐飲 / 餐饮 (cānyǐn)
- 香薷飲 / 香薷饮
Pronunciation 2
[edit]| trad. | 飲 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 饮 | |
| alternative forms | ||
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yin4
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jam3
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ing4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yìn
- Wade–Giles: yin4
- Yale: yìn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yinn
- Palladius: инь (inʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /in⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yin4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: in
- Sinological IPA (key): /in²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jam3
- Yale: yam
- Cantonese Pinyin: jam3
- Guangdong Romanization: yem3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐm³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ing4
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: i̍ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /iŋ⁴²/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Middle Chinese: 'imH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*q(r)[ə]mʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qrɯms/
Definitions
[edit]飲
- to give (animals) water to drink; to water (animals)
- (Southwestern Mandarin) to water (plants)
- (literary) to wine and dine (someone); to entertain with alcohol and food
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| trad. | 飲 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 饮 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lim
Definitions
[edit]飲
References
[edit]- “飲”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
- “飲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “飲”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “饮”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 6.
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “饮”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 285.
Japanese
[edit]| 飲 | |
| 飮 |
Kanji
[edit]飲
(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 飮)
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 飲 |
| いん Grade: 3 |
| kan'on |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 飮 (kyūjitai) |
From Middle Chinese 飲 (MC 'imX|'imH).
The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]References
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]飲: Hán Nôm readings: ẩm, ỡm, hẩm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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