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總

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 縂, 总, and 総
總 U+7E3D, 總
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E3D
← 縼
[U+7E3C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 績 →
[U+7E3E]

Translingual

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Traditional 總
Shinjitai 総
Simplified 总

Han character

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總 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+11, 17 strokes, cangjie input 女火竹田心 (VFHWP), four-corner 26930, composition ⿰糹悤)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 936, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27844
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1375, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3444, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+7E3D

Chinese

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trad. 總
simp. 总
alternative forms
揔 ancient
惣
㧾
捴
𤙹
揔 ancient
惣
㧾
捴
𤙹
㹅
𠂳
𥾜
𦀙
𦁕
縂
緫
𩮀
揌
摠
総／𰬥
楒
𩭤
𥡥
稯
𢝰
𢵃
搃
𢭇
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 總
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (囱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
牎 *sʰroːŋ
窗 *sʰroːŋ
窓 *sʰroːŋ
囱 *sʰroːŋ, *sʰloːŋ
總 *ʔsloːŋʔ
熜 *ʔsloːŋʔ
傯 *ʔsloːŋʔ
緫 *ʔsloːŋʔ
揔 *ʔsloːŋʔ
偬 *ʔsloːŋʔ, *ʔsloːŋs
囪 *sʰloːŋ
璁 *sʰloːŋ
驄 *sʰloːŋ
蔥 *sʰloːŋ
匆 *sʰloːŋ
怱 *sʰloːŋ
葱 *sʰloːŋ
楤 *sʰloːŋ
聦 *sʰloːŋ
繱 *sʰloːŋ
騘 *sʰloːŋ
鍯 *sʰloːŋ
聰 *sʰloːŋ
愡 *sʰloːŋs
檧 *sloːŋ, *sloːŋʔ
憽 *sloːŋ
幒 *sʰloŋʔ, *kjoŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsloːŋʔ) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 悤 () – to collect (literally, to bind together with a rope).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chóng - literary;
  • cháng - vernacular.
Note:
  • zong2 - literary;
  • zang2 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 總
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 東 (1)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 作孔切
Baxter tsuwngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡suŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡suŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡suŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡səwŋX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡suŋX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡suŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡suŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zǒng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zung2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 總 總
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zōng zǒng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsuwng › ‹ tsuwngX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ˁoŋ/ /*[ts]ˁoŋ/
English bundle of threads bind together

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 總
Reading # 1/1
No. 1810
Phonetic
component 		囱
Rime
group 		東
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		緫
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsloːŋʔ/
Notes 集韻同緫

Definitions

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總

  1. to collect
  2. overall; altogether
  3. always
  4. Used as a suffix after a person's surname in nicknames for people being leader of a company, usually for males.
    陳總／陈总  ―  Chén Zǒng  ―  Boss Chen / President Chen

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

総

Kyūjitai

總

Kanji

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總

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 総)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 総 (general, overall, total)

Readings

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Korean

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Hanja

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總 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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總: Hán Nôm readings: tổng, tông

Particle

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總 • (tổng)

  1. chữ Hán form of tổng (“general; overall; comprehensive”).
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