悤

See also: 匆, 怱, 忩, and 总

悤 U+60A4, 悤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-60A4 ← 患 [U+60A3] CJK Unified Ideographs 悥 → [U+60A5]

Translingual

Han character

悤 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 竹田心 (HWP) or 難竹田心 (XHWP), composition ⿱囱心)

Derived characters

• 傯, 幒, 憁, 摠, 漗, 樬, 熜, 牕, 璁, 總, 聰, 𦪐, 蟌, 謥, 䡯, 鏓, 驄(骢), 蔥, 窻

Usage notes

The component 悤 in some of the derived characters may be simplified to either 总 in simplified Chinese or 忩 in Japanese shinjitai. For example, 聰 is simplified to 聪 in simplified Chinese and 總 is simplified to 総 in Japanese shinjitai. Note that 總 is simplified to 总 in simplified Chinese.

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 388, character 21
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10693
• Dae Jaweon: page 721, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2301, character 3
• Unihan data for U+60A4

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 悤
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Historical forms of the character 匆
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (囱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
牎	*sʰroːŋ
窗	*sʰroːŋ
窓	*sʰroːŋ
囱	*sʰroːŋ, *sʰloːŋ
總	*ʔsloːŋʔ
熜	*ʔsloːŋʔ
傯	*ʔsloːŋʔ
緫	*ʔsloːŋʔ
揔	*ʔsloːŋʔ
偬	*ʔsloːŋʔ, *ʔsloːŋs
囪	*sʰloːŋ
璁	*sʰloːŋ
驄	*sʰloːŋ
蔥	*sʰloːŋ
匆	*sʰloːŋ
怱	*sʰloːŋ
葱	*sʰloːŋ
楤	*sʰloːŋ
聦	*sʰloːŋ
繱	*sʰloːŋ
騘	*sʰloːŋ
鍯	*sʰloːŋ
聰	*sʰloːŋ
愡	*sʰloːŋs
檧	*sloːŋ, *sloːŋʔ
憽	*sloːŋ
幒	*sʰloŋʔ, *kjoŋ

The original form shows a heart/mind (心) with a big dot on top indicating a hole. According to Qiu Xigui (裘錫圭) and Shen Pei (沈培), it indicates an open heart and an open mind. Its original meaning was "intelligent". Later, it became Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): phonetic 囪 (OC *sʰloːŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”), hence the dot on top became the pictogram of a window. This character is the proto-form of 聰, in which the ear symbolizes somebody willing to listen and learn fastly through hearing.

The character then changed meaning perhaps due to a proximity of meaning (learn fastly > hastily), but the original meaning is preserved into 聰.

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 悤 – see 匆 (“hastily, hurriedly, agitated, restless”). (This character is a variant form of 匆).

Japanese

Kanji

悤

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. Alternative form of 怱/匆

Readings

• Go-on: す (su)^{←す (su, historical)}、すう (sū)^{←すう (suu, historical)}
• Kan-on: そう (sō)^{←そう (sou, historical)}
• Kun: にわか (niwaka)、あわてる (awateru)

Korean

Alternative forms

• 忩

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 悤 (MC tshuwng).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞ŋ]
• Phonetic hangul: [총]

Hanja

Wikisource

悤 (eumhun 바쁠 총 (bappeul chong))
悤 (eumhun 총명할 총 (chongmyeonghal chong))

1. hanja form^? of 총 (“busy”)

Compounds

• 총거 (悤遽, chonggeo)
• 총극 (悤劇, chonggeuk)
• 총급 (悤急, chonggeup)
• 총망 (悤忙, chongmang)
• 총요 (悤擾, chong'yo)
• 총절립 (悤折立, chongjeollip)
• 총총 (悤悤, chongchong)

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 悤