黔
Appearance
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]黔 (Kangxi radical 203, 黑+4, 16 strokes, cangjie input 田火人戈弓 (WFOIN), four-corner 68327, composition ⿰黑今)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1519, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48056
- Dae Jaweon: page 2052, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4744, character 19
- Unihan data for U+9ED4
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 黔 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 黔 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 黔 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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貪 | *kʰl'uːm |
嗿 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ |
僋 | *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms |
酓 | *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms |
馠 | *qʰɯːm |
谽 | *qʰɯːm |
唅 | *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms |
含 | *ɡɯːm |
肣 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
頷 | *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ |
筨 | *ɡɯːm |
梒 | *ɡɯːm |
鋡 | *ɡɯːm |
莟 | *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms |
琀 | *ɡɯːms |
浛 | *ɡɯːms |
盦 | *qɯːm, *qaːb |
韽 | *qɯːm, *qrɯːms |
玪 | *krɯːm |
妗 | *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms |
欦 | *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm |
黔 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
鈐 | *ɡram |
鳹 | *ɡram |
雂 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
念 | *nɯːms |
梣 | *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm |
枔 | *sɢrɯm |
岑 | *sɡrɯm |
笒 | *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms |
涔 | *sɡrɯm |
侺 | *ɡjɯms |
今 | *krɯm |
黅 | *krɯm |
衿 | *krɯm |
衾 | *kʰrɯm |
坅 | *kʰrɯmʔ |
搇 | *kʰrɯms |
琴 | *ɡrɯm |
禽 | *ɡrɯm |
芩 | *ɡrɯm |
庈 | *ɡrɯm |
耹 | *ɡrɯm |
靲 | *ɡrɯm |
擒 | *ɡrɯm |
檎 | *ɡrɯm |
紟 | *ɡrɯms |
吟 | *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms |
訡 | *ŋɡrɯm |
廞 | *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ |
陰 | *qrɯm |
霠 | |
飲 | *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms |
蔭 | *qrɯms |
廕 | *qrɯms |
矜 | *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡram, *ɡrɯm) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm)
Etymology
[edit]Perhaps an areal word related to Longzhou Zhuang kʰam¹ ("cloudy; dark"), Proto-Katuic *koom (“black”) (Schuessler, 2007). See also 黮 and 紺.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cián
- Wade–Giles: chʻien2
- Yale: chyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyan
- Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: kim4
- Yale: kìhm
- Cantonese Pinyin: kim4
- Guangdong Romanization: kim4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰiːm²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
Note:
- khiâm - literary;
- khâm - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: kim5 / ngim5 / kam5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khîm / ngîm / khâm
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰim⁵⁵/, /ŋim⁵⁵/, /kʰam⁵⁵/
Note:
- kim5/ngim5 - literary (ngim5 - alternative pronunciation);
- kam5 - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: gim, gjem
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)[o]m/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡram/, /*ɡrɯm/
Definitions
[edit]黔
- (literary) black
- (obsolete) to blacken by tanning or exposure to smoke
- 夫鵠不日浴而白,烏不日黔而黑。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Fū hú bù rì yù ér bái, wū bù rì qián ér hēi. [Pinyin]
- The snow-goose does not bathe every day to make itself white, nor the crow blacken itself every day to make itself black.
夫鹄不日浴而白,乌不日黔而黑。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (~州) Name of a prefecture in ancient China now located in Chongqing and Guizhou.
- Short for 貴州/贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”).
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]黔
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Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]黔 • (geom, geum) (hangeul 검, 금, revised geom, geum, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, kŭm, Yale kem, kum)
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
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