烏

See also: 鳥 and 乌

烏 U+70CF, 烏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-70CF ← 烎 [U+70CE] CJK Unified Ideographs 烐 → [U+70D0]

Translingual

Han character

raven and crow

烏 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹口卜火 (HRYF), four-corner 2732₇, composition ⿱丿⿹⿺㇉⿱コ一灬)

Derived characters

• 𠌥(𠆿), 𭂛, 𠭬, 嗚(呜), 塢(坞), 𡠄, 嵨, 𢄓, 𢞬, 摀, 溩, 隖(𬮻), 㮧, 熓(𤆡), 瑦, 䃖, 𥻼, 螐, 𧪛, 䡧, 鎢(钨), 𨻑, 𪦭, 䖚, 𩈺, 𩌗, 𩝷, 鰞, 𪄝, 𠥹, 𪏝
• 𣯑, 𧽋, 𠞆(𠛆), 鄔(邬), 歍, 𣦑, 𫸼, 𬚭, 𫕜, 𤑎, 𫖤, 𦶀, 𩮮, 𤸼, 𨶇, 𡈎

Related characters

• 乌 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 670, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18998
• Dae Jaweon: page 1079, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2202, character 3
• Unihan data for U+70CF

Chinese

trad.		烏
simp.		乌
alternative forms		𠂶 𡖗 𡗃 𤚶 𥾪

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 烏
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (烏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
烏	*qaː
嗚	*qaː
鰞	*qaː
歍	*qaː
鎢	*qaː
瑦	*qaː, *qaːʔ
鄔	*qaː, *qaːʔ, *qas
螐	*qaː
隖	*qaːʔ
塢	*qaːʔ, *qaːs
溩	*qaːʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a bird. Compare 鳥 (“bird”), of similar development. See also the original version of its variant 於.

Etymology

“crow; black; dark”

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (“crow”) (STEDT). Doublet of 鴉 (OC *qraː, “crow; raven”), which retains the earlier vowel in Middle Chinese (*ʔˠa), and 鸒 (OC *la, *las, “jackdaw”).

Schuessler (2007) considers it to be onomatopoeic, and compares it with Proto-Loloish *akᴸ (“crow”).

“Black; dark” is a semantic extension of “crow” – “black as a crow”. Compare 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”), which is cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).

“sun”

The Three-legged crow was thought to reside in the Sun.

interrogative pronoun

Related to the following interrogative pronouns with similar phonological shapes in Old Chinese (Wang, 1982), with differing suffixes:

• 焉 (OC *qan, *qran, “how; where”)
• 惡 (OC *qaː, “how”)
• 安 (OC *qaːn, “where; how; why”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wū, wù (wu¹, wu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨ, ㄨˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wu¹

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): wǔ

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): wù

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ву (vu, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wu¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): vû

  (Hailu, HRS): vu^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): vu¹

  (Changting, Changting Pinyin): vu¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): vu¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): ŭ
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ou¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): o͘ / u

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ou¹ / u¹

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): eu¹ / u¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹u
• Xiang

  (Changsha, Wiktionary): u¹

  (Loudi, Wiktionary): u¹

  (Hengyang, Wiktionary): u¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wū
    • Zhuyin: ㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wu
    • Wade–Giles: wu¹
    • Yale: wū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: u
    • Palladius: у (u)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wù
    • Zhuyin: ㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wù
    • Wade–Giles: wu⁴
    • Yale: wù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuh
    • Palladius: у (u)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵¹/

Note: "wù" - only used in 烏拉／乌拉 (wùla).

• • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: wu¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: u
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /vu⁵⁵/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: wǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: wù
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): wu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ву (vu, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /vou²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wu¹
    • Yale: wū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: wu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vû
    • Hakka Romanization System: vu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /vu²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: vu^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /vu⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: vu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ʋu⁴⁴/
  • (Changting)
    • Changting Pinyin: vu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /vu³³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: vu¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /vu¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ou¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: o
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔu⁵³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangzhou, Changtai, Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Taichung, Hsinchu, Yilan, Sanxia, Magong, Kinmen, Penang, Klang, Singapore, Medan, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o͘
    • Tâi-lô: oo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: of
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Lukang, Penang, Klang, Philippines): /ɔ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /ɔu⁵⁵/
    • IPA (Changtai): /eu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Yongchun, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Kinmen, Singapore): /ɔ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Longyan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: u
    • Tâi-lô: u
    • Phofsit Daibuun: w
    • IPA (Longyan): /u³³⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ou¹ / u¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ou / u
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ou³³/, /u³³/

Note:

• ou1 - vernacular;
• u1 - literary.

• (Leizhou)
  • Leizhou Pinyin: eu¹ / u¹
  • Sinological IPA: /ɛu³⁵/, /u³⁵/

Note:

• eu1 - vernacular;
• u1 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹u
    • MiniDict: u^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹u
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /u⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: u¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³³/
  • (Loudi)
    • Wiktionary: u¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁴⁴/
  • (Hengyang)
    • Wiktionary: u¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁴⁴⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 烏
Mandarin	Beijing	/u⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/u⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/u²¹/
	Jinan	/u²¹³/
	Qingdao	/vu²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/u²⁴/
	Xi'an	/u²¹/
	Xining	/v̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/vu⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/vu³¹/
	Ürümqi	/vu⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/u⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/u⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/u⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/u⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/u³¹/
	Hefei	/u²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/vu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/u¹³/
	Hohhot	/vu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/u⁵³/
	Suzhou	/əu⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ʔu³³/
	Wenzhou	/v̠u³³/
Hui	Shexian	/u³¹/
	Tunxi	/u¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/u³³/
	Xiangtan	/u³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/u⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/vu⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/vu²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wu⁵³/
	Nanning	/wu⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/wu⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/ɔ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/u⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/u⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ou³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/u²³/ /ɔu²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: 'u

Rime
Character	烏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	哀都切
Baxter	'u
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔuo/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɔ/
Li Rong	/ʔo/
Wang Li	/u/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]ˤa/, /*qˤa/, /*ʔˤa/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	烏	烏	烏
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wū	wū	wū
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔu ›	‹ ʔu ›	‹ ʔu ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ]ˁa/	/*qˁa/	/*ʔˁa/
English	oh!	crow, raven; black	烏桓, 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	烏
Reading #	1/1
No.	13077
Phonetic component	烏
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	烏
Old Chinese	/*qaː/

Definitions

烏

1. crow; raven; rook

   • 莫赤匪狐、莫黑匪烏。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     莫赤匪狐、莫黑匪乌。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Mò chì fěi hú, mò hēi fěi wū. [Pinyin]

     Nothing red is seen but foxes, nothing black but crows.

2. (obsolete, metonymically) sun

   兔走烏飛／兔走乌飞  ―  tùzǒuwūfēi  ―  time passes quickly (literally, “the rabbit [of the moon] runs and the crow [of the sun] flies”)

3. (literary or in compounds or Hakka, Min) black; dark

   烏雲／乌云  ―  wūyún  ―  dark cloud

   烏油油／乌油油  ―  wūyóuyóu  ―  glossy black

   嘴唇發烏／嘴唇发乌  ―  zuǐchún fā wū  ―  one's lips turn black

   • 匈奴騎，其西方盡白馬，東方盡青駹馬，北方盡烏驪馬，南方盡騂馬。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     匈奴骑，其西方尽白马，东方尽青𮪡马，北方尽乌骊马，南方尽骍马。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Xiōngnú qí, qí xīfāng jìn báimǎ, dōngfāng jìn qīng máng mǎ, běifāng jìn wū lí mǎ, nánfāng jìn xīng mǎ. [Pinyin]

     The mounted troops of the Xiongnu on the west all had white horses; on the east, all blue-green horses; on the north, all black horses; on the south, all red horses.

   • 天烏烏，欲落雨。 [Hokkien, trad.]
     天乌乌，欲落雨。 [Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 天烏烏 (The sky is dark)

     Thiⁿ o͘-o͘, beh lo̍h-hō͘. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     The sky is dark; it seems like it will rain.

4. (literary) to dye black
5. (literary) An interrogative pronoun with a variety of meanings, including "how", "why", "where", etc.

   • 褒城驛號天下第一。及得寓目，視其沼，則淺混而汙；視其舟，則離敗而膠。庭除甚蕪，堂廡甚殘，烏睹其所謂宏麗者？ [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     褒城驿号天下第一。及得寓目，视其沼，则浅混而污；视其舟，则离败而胶。庭除甚芜，堂庑甚残，乌睹其所谓宏丽者？ [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. 850, 孫樵,《書褒城驛壁》

     Bāochéngyì hào tiānxiàdìyī. Jí dé yùmù, shì qí zhǎo, zé qiǎnhùn ér wū; shì qí zhōu, zé líbài ér jiāo. Tíng chú shèn wú, táng wǔ shèn cán, wū dǔ qí suǒwèi hónglì zhě? [Pinyin]

     The Baocheng Posting Station has been reputed to be the finest under heaven. Yet upon seeing it with my own eyes, I beheld its pond—shallow, turbid, and overgrown with reeds; its boats—broken apart, stranded, and unfit for use. The courtyard steps were untended, while the hall and the surrounding chambers were severely dilapidated. Where could one perceive the grandeur and splendor it is said to possess?

6. a surname
7. Short for:
   1. 烏克蘭／乌克兰 (Wūkèlán, “Ukraine”)

      俄烏戰爭／俄乌战争  ―  É-Wū zhànzhēng  ―  Russia–Ukraine War

   2. 烏拉圭／乌拉圭 (Wūlāguī, “Uruguay”)
   3. 烏茲別克斯坦／乌兹别克斯坦 (Wūzībiékèsītǎn, “Uzbekistan”)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 黑 (“black”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		黑, 烏, 青, 皂, 黔, 黢
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		黑
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	黑
	Taiwan	黑
	Chifeng	黑
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	黑
	Harbin	黑
	Shenyang	黑
	Malaysia	黑
	Singapore	黑
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	黑
	Tangshan	黑
	Cangzhou	黑
	Baoding	黑
	Shijiazhuang	黑
	Jinan	黑
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	黑
	Qingdao	黑
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	黑
	Zhengzhou	黑
	Xi'an	黑
	Xining	黑
	Xuzhou	黑
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	黑, 青
	Lanzhou	黑
	Ürümqi	黑
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	黑, 青 †
	Chongqing	黑
	Wuhan	黑, 烏, 青 †
	Guiyang	黑
	Kunming	黑
	Guilin	黑
	Liuzhou	黑
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	黑
	Yangzhou	黑
	Nantong	黑
	Hefei	黑
Cantonese	Guangzhou	黑
	Hong Kong	黑
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	黑
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	黑
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	烏, 黑 skin
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	烏
	Macau	黑
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	黑
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	黑
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	黑
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	黑, 烏
	Foshan	黑
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	黑
	Foshan (Shunde)	黑
	Foshan (Sanshui)	黑
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	黑
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	黑
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	黑
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	黑
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	黑
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	黑
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	黑
	Taishan	黑
	Kaiping (Chikan)	黑
	Enping (Niujiang)	黑
	Heshan (Yayao)	黑
	Dongguan	黑
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	黑
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	黑
	Yangjiang	黑
	Nanning	黑
	Danzhou	黑
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	黑
	Singapore (Guangfu)	黑
Gan	Nanchang	黑, 烏, 青 †
	Pingxiang	黑
Hakka	Meixian	烏
	Xingning	烏
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	烏
	Huiyang	烏
	Huidong (Daling)	烏
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	烏
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	烏
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	黑
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	烏
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	烏
	Wengyuan	烏
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	烏
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	烏
	Liannan	黑
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	黑
	Jiexi	烏
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	烏
	Changting	烏
	Wuping	烏
	Wuping (Yanqian)	烏
	Wuping (Pingyu)	烏
	Liancheng	烏
	Ninghua	烏
	Yudu	黑
	Ningdu	黑
	Ruijin	烏
	Shicheng	烏
	Shangyou (Shexi)	烏
	Tonggu (Sandu)	烏
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	烏
	Dayu	烏
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	烏
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	烏
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	烏
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	烏
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	烏
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	烏
	Hong Kong	烏
	Yangxi (Tangkou)	烏
	Yangchun (Sanjia)	烏
	Xinyi (Sihe)	烏
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	烏
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	烏
	Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai)	烏
	Huazhou (Xin'an)	烏
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	烏
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	烏
	Mengshan (Xihe)	烏
	Luchuan	烏
	Senai (Huiyang)	烏
	Kuching (Hepo)	烏
Huizhou	Jixi	黑
	Shexian	黑
Jin	Taiyuan	黑
	Xinzhou	黑
	Linhe	黑
	Jining	黑
	Hohhot	黑
	Zhangjiakou	黑
	Handan	黑
Northern Min	Jian'ou	烏, 青 †
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	烏, 青 †
	Fuzhou (Changle)	烏
	Fuqing	烏
	Yongtai	烏
	Gutian	烏
	Fu'an	烏
	Ningde	烏
	Shouning	烏
	Zhouning	烏
	Fuding	烏
Southern Min	Xiamen	烏
	Quanzhou	烏
	Jinjiang	烏
	Yongchun	烏
	Zhangzhou	烏
	Taipei	烏
	Kaohsiung	烏
	Yilan	烏
	Changhua (Lukang)	烏
	Taichung	烏
	Taichung (Wuqi)	烏
	Tainan	烏
	Taitung	烏
	Hsinchu	烏
	Penghu (Magong)	烏
	Penang (Hokkien)	烏
	Singapore (Hokkien)	烏
	Manila (Hokkien)	烏
	Medan (Hokkien)	烏
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	黑
	Chaozhou	烏
	Shantou	烏
	Shantou (Chenghai)	烏
	Jieyang	烏
	Lufeng	烏
	Haifeng	烏
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	烏
	Singapore (Teochew)	烏
	Leizhou	烏
	Wenchang	烏
	Haikou	烏
	Qionghai	烏
	Singapore (Hainanese)	烏
Puxian Min	Putian	烏
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	烏
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	烏
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	烏
	Xianyou	烏
	Xianyou (Fengting)	烏
	Xianyou (Youyang)	烏
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	黑
	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	烏
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	黑, 烏
Shehua	Fu'an	黑
	Fuding	黑
	Luoyuan	黑
	Sanming	烏
	Shunchang	烏
	Hua'an	烏
	Guixi (Zhangping)	烏
	Cangnan	黑
	Jingning (Hexi)	黑
	Lishui	黑
	Longyou	黑
	Chaozhou	黑
	Fengshun	烏
Wu	Shanghai	黑
	Shanghai (Chongming)	黑
	Suzhou	黑
	Danyang	黑
	Hangzhou	黑
	Ningbo	黑
	Wenzhou	黑, 烏, 青 †
	Jinhua	黑
Xiang	Changsha	黑, 青 †
	Shuangfeng	黑, 青 †
Note	† - usually describes the color of cloth or thread

Dialectal synonyms of 烏鴉 (“crow; raven”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		烏, 鴉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		烏鴉
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	老鴰, 老鴉兒
	Taiwan	烏鴉
	Langfang	老鴰
	Ulanhot	老鴰
	Tongliao	老鴰
	Chifeng	老鴰
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	老鴰
	Harbin	老哇, 老哇子, 黑老哇, 烏鴉
	Shenyang	老鴰
	Malaysia	烏鴉
	Singapore	烏鴉
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	老鴰
	Tangshan	老鴰
	Cangzhou	老鴰
	Baoding	老鴰
	Shijiazhuang	老鴰
	Jinan	老鴰, 黑老鴰
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	黑老哇子
	Qingdao	老哇
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	老鴰
	Daming	老鴰
	Wanrong	老哇
	Zhengzhou	老鴰
	Xi'an	老哇, 黑老哇
	Xining	老哇, 鴰老闆
	Xuzhou	老鴰, 烏鴉
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	老哇, 黑老哇, 烏鴉
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	黑老哇
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	老哇
	Bayanhot	老哇
	Lanzhou	老哇, 狼老哇
	Ürümqi	老哇
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	老哇, 烏鴉
	Wuhan	老哇
	Guiyang	老哇
	Kunming	老哇
	Guilin	烏鴉
	Pingle	烏鴉
	Liuzhou	烏鴉, 烏鴉鳥
	Luzhai	烏鴉
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	老哇
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	老哇
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	老哇, 黑老哇
	Yangzhou	老鴉
	Nantong	老鴉
	Hefei	老鴰子, 老鴰
	Huanggang	老鴉
Cantonese	Guangzhou	烏鴉, 老鴉
	Hong Kong	烏鴉
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	老鴉
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	烏鴉
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	烏鴉
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	老鴉
	Macau	烏鴉
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	烏鴉
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	老鴉
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	呱乸
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	烏鴉
	Foshan	烏鴉
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	烏鴉
	Foshan (Shunde)	烏鴉
	Foshan (Sanshui)	鴉雀
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	烏鴉
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	烏鴉
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	烏鴉
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	烏鴉
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	烏鴉
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	烏鴉
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	烏鴉
	Taishan	烏鴉
	Kaiping (Chikan)	烏鴉
	Enping (Niujiang)	烏鴉
	Heshan (Yayao)	烏鴉
	Dongguan	烏鴉
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	烏鴉
	Shaoguan	烏鴉
	Yunfu	烏鴉
	Yangjiang	老鴉
	Xinyi	烏鴉
	Lianjiang	烏鴉
	Nanning	烏鴉
	Wuzhou	烏鴉
	Yulin	烏鴉
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	烏鴉
	Beihai	烏鴉
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	烏鴉, 老鴉
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	老鴉
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	烏鴉, 老鴉
	Dongxing	烏鴉
	Danzhou	老鴉
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	烏鴉
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	烏鴉
	Móng Cái	烏鴉, 老鴉
Gan	Nanchang	老鴉
	Lichuan	老鴉
	Pingxiang	老鴉, 鴉雀
Hakka	Meixian	老鴉
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	烏鴉
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	烏鴉
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	烏鴉
	Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng)	老鴉
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	烏鴉
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	烏鴉
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	烏鴉
	Wuhua (Changbu)	烏鴉
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	烏鴉
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	老鴉
	Liannan	老鴉
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	烏鴉
	Jiexi	老鴉
	Changting	烏鴉鵲
	Liancheng	老鴉
	Ninghua	老鴉子
	Yudu	老鴉
	Shicheng	老鴉
	Shangyou (Shexi)	老鴉
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	老鴉仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	烏鴉仔, 老鴉仔, 烏鴉
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	烏鴉
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	老鴉, 烏鴉
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	烏鴉
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	烏鴉
	Hong Kong	老鴉, 烏鴉
	Luchuan	烏鴉
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	老鴉, 烏鴉
	Sabah (Longchuan)	烏鴉
	Senai (Huiyang)	老鴉
	Singkawang	烏鴉
Huizhou	Jixi	老鴉
	Shexian	老鴉
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	老鴉
	Xiuning	老鴉
	Yixian	老鴉
	Qimen	老鴉
	Wuyuan	老鴉
	Dexing	老鴉
Jin	Taiyuan	黑老哇
	Pingyao	黑老哇
	Xinzhou	黑澇鴉兒
	Taibus (Baochang)	黑老哇
	Linhe	黑老哇
	Jining	黑老哇
	Hohhot	黑老哇
	Baotou	烏鴉
	Dongsheng	黑老哇
	Haibowan	黑老哇
	Zhangjiakou	老哇
	Handan	老鴰
Northern Min	Jian'ou	老鴉
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	老鴉
	Songxi	老鴉
	Zhenghe	老鴉
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	老烏
	Jianyang	老鴉
	Wuyishan	老鴉
	Pucheng (Shibei)	老鴉
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	老鴉
	Fuzhou (Changle)	老鴉
	Fuqing	老鴉
	Yongtai	老鴰
	Gutian	老鴉
	Fu'an	老鴉
	Ningde	老鴉
	Shouning	老鴉
	Zhouning	老鴉
	Fuding	老鴉
Southern Min	Xiamen	烏鴉
	Quanzhou	烏鴉
	Zhangzhou	烏鴉
	Dongshan	烏鴉
	Taipei	烏鴉
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	烏鴉
	Kaohsiung	烏鴉, 烏鴉仔
	Yilan	烏鴉仔
	Kinmen	烏鴉
	Penghu (Magong)	烏鴉
	Penang (Hokkien)	烏鴉
	Singapore (Hokkien)	烏鴉, 歹鳥
	Manila (Hokkien)	烏鴉
	Zhangping	老鴉
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	老鴉
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	老鴉
	Chaozhou	烏鴉
	Haifeng	烏鴉
	Bangkok (Teochew)	烏鴉
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	烏鴉
	Leizhou	沙烏
	Wenchang	衫烏
	Qionghai	衫烏
Puxian Min	Putian	鶚卵, 烏鴉
	Xianyou	鶚卵
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	烏鴉
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	烏鴉, 老鴉
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	烏鴉
Shehua	Fu'an	老鴉
	Fuding	老鴉
	Luoyuan	老鴉
	Sanming	老鴉
	Shunchang	老鴉
	Hua'an	老鴉
	Guixi (Zhangping)	老鴉
	Cangnan	老鴉
	Jingning (Hexi)	老鴉
	Lishui	老鴉
	Longyou	老鴉
	Chaozhou	烏鴉
	Fengshun	老鴉
Wu	Shanghai	烏鴉, 老鴉
	Shanghai (Chongming)	老鴉
	Suzhou	老鴉, 烏鴉
	Danyang	烏老鴉, 烏鴉, 老鴉
	Hangzhou	烏老鴉, 烏老鴉兒, 烏鴉
	Ningbo	老鴉, 烏鴉
	Wenzhou	老鴉, 烏老鴉
	Jinhua	烏老鴉, 烏鴉
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	烏老鴉
Xiang	Changsha	老哇子, 老哇
	Loudi	老哇子, 老哇
	Shuangfeng	老哇子
	Quanzhou	烏鴉

See also

• 惡／恶 (è)

Descendants

• → English: O (Singapore, via Hokkien or Teochew)

Compounds

• 三足烏 / 三足乌 (sānzúwū)
• 九烏 / 九乌 (jiǔwū)
• 付之烏有 / 付之乌有
• 伊哩烏蘆 / 伊哩乌芦
• 何首烏 / 何首乌 (héshǒuwū)
• 兔缺烏沉 / 兔缺乌沉
• 兔走烏飛 / 兔走乌飞 (tùzǒuwūfēi)
• 化為烏有 / 化为乌有 (huàwéiwūyǒu)
• 子虛烏有 / 子虚乌有 (zǐxū-wūyǒu)
• 屋上瞻烏 / 屋上瞻乌
• 屋烏 / 屋乌
• 屋烏推愛 / 屋乌推爱
• 巴烏 / 巴乌 (bāwū)
• 愛屋及烏 / 爱屋及乌 (àiwūjíwū)
• 慈烏 / 慈乌 (cíwū)
• 慈烏反哺 / 慈乌反哺
• 慈烏返哺 / 慈乌返哺
• 擺烏龍 / 摆乌龙 (bǎiwūlóng)
• 日烏 / 日乌 (rìwū)
• 月落烏啼 / 月落乌啼
• 東兔西烏 / 东兔西乌
• 柏吉烏斯 / 柏吉乌斯
• 柏臺烏府 / 柏台乌府
• 格別烏 / 格别乌
• 海烏 / 海乌
• 渴烏 / 渴乌
• 烏七八糟 / 乌七八糟 (wūqībāzāo)
• 烏之雌雄 / 乌之雌雄
• 烏亮 / 乌亮 (wūliàng)
• 烏什 / 乌什 (Wūshí)
• 烏來 / 乌来 (Wūlái)
• 烏克蘭 / 乌克兰 (Wūkèlán)
• 烏兔 / 乌兔
• 烏卒卒 / 乌卒卒
• 烏厘單刀 / 乌厘单刀
• 烏厘馬查 / 乌厘马查
• 烏合 / 乌合 (wūhé)
• 烏合之卒 / 乌合之卒
• 烏呼 / 乌呼 (wūhū)
• 烏哺 / 乌哺
• 烏啄啄 / 乌啄啄
• 烏圖美仁 / 乌图美仁 (Wūtúměirén)
• 烏坎 / 乌坎 (Wūkǎn)
• 烏坵 / 乌丘 (Wūqiū, “Wuqiu”)
• 烏塗 / 乌涂
• 烏塗水 / 乌涂水
• 烏壓壓 / 乌压压
• 烏夏巴什 / 乌夏巴什 (Wūxiàbāshí)
• 烏天黑地 / 乌天黑地
• 烏孜別里 / 乌孜别里 (Wūzībiélǐ)
• 烏孫 / 乌孙 (wūsūn)
• 烏尊 / 乌尊 (Wūzūn)
• 烏帽 / 乌帽
• 烏干達 / 乌干达 (Wūgāndá)
• 烏府 / 乌府
• 烏心石 / 乌心石
• 烏恰 / 乌恰 (Wūqià)
• 烏托邦 / 乌托邦 (wūtuōbāng)
• 烏拉 / 乌拉
• 烏拉圭 / 乌拉圭 (Wūlāguī)
• 烏拉山 / 乌拉山
• 烏拉草 / 乌拉草
• 烏日 / 乌日 (Wūrì)
• 烏有 / 乌有 (wūyǒu)
• 烏有先生 / 乌有先生
• 烏木 / 乌木 (wūmù)
• 烏林 / 乌林 (Wūlín)
• 烏桓 / 乌桓 (Wūhuán)
• 烏梅 / 乌梅 (wūméi)
• 烏梁海 (Wūliánghǎi)
• 烏梅酒 / 乌梅酒
• 烏毛蕨 / 乌毛蕨
• 烏氏倮 / 乌氏倮
• 烏江 / 乌江 (Wūjiāng)
• 烏油油 / 乌油油 (wūyóuyóu)
• 烏溜溜 / 乌溜溜
• 烏烏 / 乌乌
• 烏焉成馬 / 乌焉成马
• 烏煙瘴氣 / 乌烟瘴气 (wūyānzhàngqì)
• 烏爾其 / 乌尔其 (Wū'ěrqí)
• 烏獲 / 乌获
• 烏白馬角 / 乌白马角
• 烏盆計 / 乌盆计
• 烏眼雞 / 乌眼鸡
• 烏矸仔貯豆油 / 乌矸仔贮豆油 (o͘ kan-á té tāu-iû)
• 烏竹 / 乌竹
• 烏紗 / 乌纱 (wūshā)
• 烏紗帽 / 乌纱帽 (wūshāmào)
• 烏絲欄 / 乌丝栏
• 烏腳病 / 乌脚病
• 烏臼 / 乌臼
• 烏舅金奴 / 乌舅金奴
• 烏芋 / 乌芋 (wūyù)
• 烏薪 / 乌薪
• 烏藥 / 乌药 (wūyào)
• 烏蘇 / 乌苏 (Wūsū)
• 烏蘇里江 / 乌苏里江 (Wūsūlǐ Jiāng)
• 烏蘭木倫 / 乌兰木伦 (Wūlánmùlún)
• 烏號 / 乌号
• 烏衣 / 乌衣
• 烏衣子弟 / 乌衣子弟
• 烏衣巷 / 乌衣巷
• 烏衣郎 / 乌衣郎
• 烏豆 / 乌豆
• 烏賊 / 乌贼 (wūzéi)
• 烏賊車 / 乌贼车
• 烏金 / 乌金 (wūjīn)
• 烏雲 / 乌云 (wūyún)
• 烏雲密布 / 乌云密布 (wūyúnmìbù)
• 烏雲著頂 / 乌云著顶
• 烏雲蔽日 / 乌云蔽日
• 烏鞘嶺 / 乌鞘岭
• 烏頭 / 乌头 (wūtóu)
• 烏頰魚 / 乌颊鱼
• 烏飛兔走 / 乌飞兔走
• 烏骨雞 / 乌骨鸡 (wūgǔjī)
• 烏髮 / 乌发
• 烏鬢 / 乌鬓
• 烏鬼 / 乌鬼 (wūguǐ)
• 烏魚 / 乌鱼 (wūyú)
• 烏魚子 / 乌鱼子 (wūyúzǐ)
• 烏魚蛋 / 乌鱼蛋
• 烏魯克恰提 / 乌鲁克恰提 (Wūlǔkèqiàtí)
• 烏魯克薩依 / 乌鲁克萨依 (Wūlǔkèsàyī)
• 烏魯卻勒 / 乌鲁却勒 (Wūlǔquèlè)
• 烏魯木齊 / 乌鲁木齐 (Wūlǔmùqí)
• 烏鳥之情 / 乌鸟之情
• 烏鳥私情 / 乌鸟私情
• 烏鴉 / 乌鸦 (wūyā)
• 烏鴉嘴 / 乌鸦嘴 (wūyāzuǐ)
• 烏鴉閃蛋 / 乌鸦闪蛋
• 烏鵑 / 乌鹃 (wùjuān)
• 烏鵲成橋 / 乌鹊成桥
• 烏鵲橋 / 乌鹊桥
• 烏鵲通巢 / 乌鹊通巢
• 烏麥 / 乌麦
• 烏黑 / 乌黑 (wūhēi)
• 烏黢黢 / 乌黢黢
• 烏龍 / 乌龙 (wūlóng)
• 烏龍茶 / 乌龙茶 (wūlóngchá)
• 烏龍院 / 乌龙院
• 烏龍麵 / 乌龙面 (wūlóngmiàn)
• 烏龜 / 乌龟 (wūguī)
• 烏龜亡八 / 乌龟亡八
• 爛板烏龜 / 烂板乌龟
• 白兔赤烏 / 白兔赤乌 (báitùchìwū)
• 瞻烏 / 瞻乌
• 童烏 / 童乌
• 縮頭烏龜 / 缩头乌龟 (suōtóu wūguī)
• 義烏 / 义乌 (Yìwū)
• 草烏 / 草乌
• 金烏 / 金乌 (jīnwū)
• 金烏玉兔 / 金乌玉兔 (jīnwūyùtù)
• 銅烏 / 铜乌
• 陽烏 / 阳乌 (yángwū)
• 馬角烏白 / 马角乌白
• 鴉烏 / 鸦乌
• 黑眉烏嘴 / 黑眉乌嘴

References

• “烏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02407

Japanese

Kanji

烏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: う (u)
• Kan-on: お (o)^{←を (wo, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: え (e)
• Kun: からす (karasu, 烏)、いずくんぞ (izukunzo, 烏んぞ)^{←いづくんぞ (idukunzo, 烏んぞ, historical)}、なんぞ (nanzo, 烏ぞ)

Compounds

• 烏賊(いか) (ika): squid, cuttlefish
• 烏帽子(えぼし) (eboshi)
• 烏秋(オウチュウ) (ōchū)
• 烏頭(くわゆき) (kuwayuki)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
烏
からす Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
鴉

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *karasu.

Compound of から (kara, “caw”, onomatopoeia, imitative of a crow's caw) +‎ す (su, “bird”, ancient suffix appearing in certain bird names). Compare the す (su) in 鶯 (uguisu), 杜鵑 (hototogisu), モズ (mozu).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) からす [káꜜràsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ka̠ɾa̠sɨ]

Noun

烏(からす) or 烏(カラス) • (karasu) 

1. a crow or raven

   Synonym: 慈鳥 (jichō)

Derived terms

• 烏揚羽(カラスアゲハ) (karasu ageha)
• 烏瓜(カラスウリ) (karasu uri)
• 烏(からす)が鵜(う)の真似(まね) (karasu ga u no mane)
• 烏頭(からすがしら) (karasugashira)
• 烏(からす)座(ざ) (Karasuza): the Corvus constellation
• 烏山椒(カラスサンショウ) (karasu sanshō)
• 烏樒(カラスシキミ) (karasu shikimi)
• 烏(からす)の行(ぎょう)水(ずい) (karasu no gyōzui): a quick bath
• 烏茸(カラスタケ) (karasu take)
• 烏鳩(カラスバト) (karasu-bato)
• 烏柄杓(カラスビシャク) (karasu-bishaku)
• 烏蛇(からすへび) (karasuhebi)
• 烏麦(カラスムギ) (karasumugi)
• 海烏(ウミガラス) (umigarasu)
• 川烏(カワカラス) (kawakarasu)
• 黄嘴烏(キバシガラス) (kibashigarasu)
• 子烏(こがらす) (kogarasu)
• 三羽烏(さんばからす) (sanbakarasu)
• 濡(ぬれ)烏(がらす) (nuregarasu): jet-black
• 羽衣烏(ハゴロモガラス) (hagoromo-garasu)
• 笛烏(フエガラス) (fue-garasu)
• 紅嘴烏(ベニバシガラス) (benibashi-garasu)
• 深山烏(ミヤマガラス) (miyama-garasu)
• 胸白烏(ムネジロガラス) (munejiro-garasu)
• 八(や)咫(た)烏(がらす) (yatagarasu): three legged crow in Japanese mythology
• 夜烏(よがらす) (yogarasu)
• 渡烏(ワタリガラス) (watari-garasu): common raven

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
烏
う Jinmeiyō
goon

From Middle Chinese 烏 (MC 'u).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟]

Affix

烏(う) • (u) 

1. crow; raven
2. black; dark
3. (figuratively) sun
4. A Chinese interrogative for rhetorical questions.

   烏(う)有(ゆう) ― uyū ― (literally “not-have”) nonexistence; nothing

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 烏(う)喙(かい)骨(こつ) (ukaikotsu): coracoid (bone)
• 烏(う)合(ごう) (ugō)
• 烏(う)口(こう)骨(こつ) (ukōkotsu): coracoid (bone)
• 烏(う)骨(こっ)鶏(けい) (ukokkei): silky, silkie (breed of chicken)
• 烏頭(うず) (uzu)
• 烏(う)啄(たく)骨(こつ) (utakukotsu): coracoid (bone)
• 烏(う)木(ぼく) (uboku)
• 烏薬(うやく) (uyaku)
• 烏(う)有(ゆう) (uyū): nonexistence, nothing
• 屋(おく)烏(う) (okū): crow perching on a roof
• 金(きん)烏(う) (kin'u)

Kikai

Kanji

烏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
烏
がらさー Jinmeiyō

Kanji in this term
烏
がるさー Jinmeiyō

Alternative spelling
鴉

Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Noun

烏(がらさー) or 烏(がるさー) (garasā or garusā) 

1. crow, raven

Korean

Hanja

烏 (eumhun 까마귀 오 (kkamagwi o))

1. hanja form^? of 오 (“crow”)

Northern Amami Ōshima

Kanji

烏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
烏
がらすぃ Jinmeiyō

Alternative spelling
鴉

Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Noun

烏(がらすぃ) (garasï) 

1. crow, raven

Okinawan

Kanji

烏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
烏
がらし Jinmeiyō

Alternative spelling
鴉

Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Noun

烏(がらし) (garashi) 

1. crow, raven

Okinoerabu

Kanji

烏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
烏
がらし Jinmeiyō

Alternative spelling
鴉

Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Noun

烏(がらし) (garashi) 

1. crow, raven

Vietnamese

Han character

烏: Hán Nôm readings: o, ô

Adjective

烏

1. chữ Hán form of ô (“(of a horse) black”).

Yonaguni

Kanji

烏

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
烏
がらち Jinmeiyō

Alternative spelling
鴉

Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Noun

烏(がらち) (garachi) 

1. crow, raven