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墨

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
墨 U+58A8, 墨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58A8
← 墧
[U+58A7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 墩 →
[U+58A9]

墨 U+FA3A, 墨
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA3A
← 塀
[U+FA39] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 層 →
[U+FA3B]

Translingual

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Han character

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Stroke order
15 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
14 strokes

墨 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+12 in Chinese, 土+11 in Japanese, 15 strokes in Chinese, 14 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 田土火土 (WGFG), four-corner 60104, composition ⿱黑土(GTHKV) or ⿱黒土(J))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 238, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5469
  • Dae Jaweon: page 478, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 487, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+58A8

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 墨

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (黑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嚜 *mrɯɡs
嫼 *ʔmrɯːd
墨 *mlɯːɡ
默 *mlɯːɡ
纆 *mɯːɡ
黑 *hmlɯːɡ
潶 *hmlɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mlɯːɡ): phonetic 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ) + semantic 土 (“soil”).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”).

Pronunciation 1

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Note: me3 - in 黑墨鏡.
Note:
  • bah7 - vernacular;
  • beh7 - literary.
Note:
  • ba̍k - vernacular;
  • ba̍t - vernacular (variant in 墨賊);
  • be̍k/bia̍k/be̍rk - literary;
  • be̍rk - southern Nan'an (水頭鎮 area).
Rime
Character 墨
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 莫北切
Baxter mok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mək̚/
Li
Rong 		/mək̚/
Wang
Li 		/mək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/mək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mak6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 墨
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mò
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.mˁək/
English ink

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 墨
Reading # 1/1
No. 5106
Phonetic
component 		黑
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		墨
Old
Chinese 		/*mlɯːɡ/

Definitions

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墨

  1. Chinese ink or ink in general
    磨墨  ―  mó mò  ―  to grind an inkstick (against an inkstone)
  2. black; ink-coloured; dark
  3. (historical) to tattoo the face (e.g. as a punishment in Ancient China)
  4. (figurative) to embezzle
  5. (figurative) someone's poetry, essays, handwriting, or paintings
  6. (figurative) learning; knowledge
  7. Short for 墨家 (Mòjiā, “Mohism”).
  8. Short for 墨西哥 (Mòxīgē, “Mexico”).
  9. a surname
    墨翟  ―  Mò Dí  ―  Mo Di (full name of Mozi)
  10. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 癦 (“mole; nevus; pigmented spot on the skin”)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 墨 (“ink (inkstick)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 墨
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 墨
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 墨
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 墨
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 墨
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 墨
Wuhan 墨
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 黑墨
Hefei 黑墨
Cantonese Guangzhou 墨
Hong Kong 墨
Yangjiang 墨
Hakka Meixian 墨
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 墨
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 墨
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 墨
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 墨
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 墨
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 墨
Jin Taiyuan 墨子
Northern Min Jian'ou 墨
Eastern Min Fuzhou 墨
Southern Min Xiamen 墨
Chaozhou 墨
Wu Shanghai 墨
Suzhou 墨
Wenzhou 墨
Xiang Changsha 墨
Shuangfeng 墨

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Buryat: бэхэ (bexe, “ink”)
  • → Indonesian: bak
  • → Javanese: ꦧꦏ꧀ (bak)
  • → Khmer: មឹក (mɨk, “squid; ink”)
  • → Korean: 먹 (meok)
  • → Lao: ມຶກ (mưk, “ink; black”), ໝຶກ (mưk, “sepia from cuttlefish; ink; black”)
  • → Mongolian: бэх (bex, “ink”)
  • → Sogdian: 𐼺𐼸𐼰 (mkʾ /⁠*makā⁠/, “ink”)
  • → Thai: หมึก (mʉ̀k, “ink”), ปลาหมึก (bplaa-mʉ̀k, “cuttlefish”)
  • → Vietnamese: mực (“cuttlefish; ink”)

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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墨

  1. Only used in 墨杘.

Pronunciation 3

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Definitions

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墨

  1. to slander

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 墨
Kyūjitai
[1]
墨
&#xFA3A;
or
墨+&#xFE00;?
墨󠄀
墨+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
墨󠄃
墨+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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墨

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 墨)

  1. ink, inkstick
  2. Mexico

Readings

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  • Go-on: もく (moku)
  • Kan-on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: すみ (sumi, 墨, Jōyō)、くろい (kuroi, 墨い)←くろし (kurosi, 墨し, historical)
  • Nanori: すみ (sumi)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
墨
すみ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
墨 (kyūjitai)

From Old Japanese, first appearing in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE with the phonetic spelling 須彌 ⟨sumi1⟩.[2] Cognate with 炭 (sumi, “charcoal”).[3]

In turn, from Proto-Japonic *sumi. Cognate with Southern Amami Ōshima 墨 (sïmi).

Possibly derived from the homophonous 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) 済み (sumi) of verb 済む (sumu, “to finish, to conclude”), from the way that cinders are left after a fire has finished burning.

Possibly also related to 煤 (susu, “soot”), from which India ink is made.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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墨(すみ) • (sumi) 

  1. inkstick
  2. ink
  3. (specifically) India ink

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ “墨”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025
  2. ^ “墨”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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墨 (eumhun 먹 묵 (meok muk))

  1. hanja form? of 묵 (“ink”)

墨 (eumhun 교활할 미 (gyohwalhal mi))

  1. hanja form? of 미 (“sly, cunning”)

Miyako

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Kanji

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墨

(Jōyō kanji)

Noun

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墨(っふぃ) (ffï) 

  1. ink

Southern Amami Ōshima

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Kanji

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墨

(Jōyō kanji)

Noun

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墨(すぃみ) (sïmi) 

  1. ink

Vietnamese

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Han character

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墨: Hán Nôm readings: mặc, mực, mức

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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