교활하다

Korean

Etymology

교활(狡猾) (gyohwal) +‎ 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving adjectives).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kjoβwa̠ɾɦa̠da̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [교활하다]

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?	gyohwalhada
Revised Romanization (translit.)?	gyohwalhada
McCune–Reischauer?	kyohwarhada
Yale Romanization?	kyohwal.hata

Adjective

교활하다 • (gyohwalhada) (infinitive 교활해 or 교활하여, sequential 교활하니)

1. to be crafty, to be sly

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 교활하다 (gyohwalhada): vowel-stem, 하(ha)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
		Formal non-polite (해라체)	Informal non-polite (해체)	Informal polite (해요체)	Formal polite (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	교활하다 gyohwalhada	교활해 gyohwalhae	교활해요 gyohwalhaeyo	교활합니다 gyohwalhamnida
	Past	교활했다 gyohwalhaetda	교활했어 gyohwalhaesseo	교활했어요 gyohwalhaesseoyo	교활했습니다 gyohwalhaetseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	교활하냐 gyohwalhanya	교활해 gyohwalhae	교활해요 gyohwalhaeyo	교활합니까 gyohwalhamnikka
	Past	교활했냐 gyohwalhaennya	교활했어 gyohwalhaesseo	교활했어요 gyohwalhaesseoyo	교활했습니까 gyohwalhaetseumnikka
Assertive		교활하겠다 gyohwalhagetda	교활하겠어 gyohwalhagesseo	교활하겠어요 gyohwalhagesseoyo	교활하겠습니다 gyohwalhagetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason		교활해 gyohwalhae	교활해서, 교활하여서 gyohwalhaeseo, gyohwalhayeoseo	교활하니 gyohwalhani	교활하니까 gyohwalhanikka
Contrast		교활하지만 gyohwalhajiman	교활한데 gyohwalhande	교활하더니 gyohwalhadeoni
Conjunction		교활하고 gyohwalhago
Condition		교활하면 gyohwalhamyeon	교활해야, 교활하여야 gyohwalhaeya, gyohwalhayeoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns		교활함 gyohwalham	교활하기 gyohwalhagi
Past-tense verbal nouns		교활했음, 교활하였음 gyohwalhaesseum, gyohwalhayeosseum	교활했기, 교활하였기 gyohwalhaetgi, gyohwalhayeotgi
Determiners	Present		교활한 gyohwalhan
	Future		교활할 gyohwalhal

Sentence-final forms with honorific
		Plain (해라체)	Informal (해체)	Polite (해요체)	Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative	Non-past	교활하시다 gyohwalhasida	교활하셔 gyohwalhasyeo	교활하세요, 교활하셔요 gyohwalhaseyo, gyohwalhasyeoyo	교활하십니다 gyohwalhasimnida
	Past	교활하셨다 gyohwalhasyeotda	교활하셨어 gyohwalhasyeosseo	교활하셨어요 gyohwalhasyeosseoyo	교활하셨습니다 gyohwalhasyeotseumnida
Interrogative	Non-past	교활하시냐 gyohwalhasinya	교활하셔 gyohwalhasyeo	교활하세요, 교활하셔요 gyohwalhaseyo, gyohwalhasyeoyo	교활하십니까 gyohwalhasimnikka
	Past	교활하셨냐 gyohwalhasyeonnya	교활하셨어 gyohwalhasyeosseo	교활하셨어요 gyohwalhasyeosseoyo	교활하셨습니까 gyohwalhasyeotseumnikka
Assertive		교활하시겠다 gyohwalhasigetda	교활하시겠어 gyohwalhasigesseo	교활하시겠어요 gyohwalhasigesseoyo	교활하시겠습니다 gyohwalhasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason		교활하셔 gyohwalhasyeo	교활하셔서 gyohwalhasyeoseo	교활하시니 gyohwalhasini	교활하시니까 gyohwalhasinikka
Contrast		교활하시지만 gyohwalhasijiman	교활하신데 gyohwalhasinde	교활하시더니 gyohwalhasideoni
Conjunction		교활하시고 gyohwalhasigo
Condition		교활하시면 gyohwalhasimyeon	교활하셔야 gyohwalhasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns		교활하심 gyohwalhasim	교활하시기 gyohwalhasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns		교활하셨음 gyohwalhasyeosseum	교활하셨기 gyohwalhasyeotgi
Determiners	Present		교활하신 gyohwalhasin
	Future		교활하실 gyohwalhasil