除
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]除 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓中人一木 (NLOMD), four-corner 78294, composition ⿰阝余)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1352, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41669
- Dae Jaweon: page 1854, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4132, character 5
- Unihan data for U+9664
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
除 |
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Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 除 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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斜 | *lja, *laː |
茶 | *rlaː |
荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
搽 | *rlaː |
塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
佘 | *ɦlja |
賒 | *hljaː |
畬 | *hljaː, *la |
舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
捨 | *hljaːʔ |
騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
涻 | *hljaːs |
稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
途 | *l'aː |
酴 | *l'aː |
駼 | *l'aː |
鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
嵞 | *l'aː |
峹 | *l'aː |
筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
蒤 | *l'aː |
徐 | *lja |
俆 | *lja |
敘 | *ljaʔ |
漵 | *ljaʔ |
除 | *l'a, *l'as |
篨 | *rla |
滁 | *rla |
蒢 | *rla |
蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
鵨 | *hljaː |
瑹 | *hlja |
余 | *la |
餘 | *la |
艅 | *la |
狳 | *la |
雓 | *la |
悆 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l'a, *l'as) : semantic 阜 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhù
- Eastern Min (BUC): dṳ̀
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chú
- Wade–Giles: chʻu2
- Yale: chú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwu
- Palladius: чу (ču)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ceoi4
- Yale: chèuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey4
- Guangdong Romanization: cêu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: cui3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰui²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhù
- Hakka Romanization System: cuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cu2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dṳ̀
- Sinological IPA (key): /ty⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tîr
- Tâi-lô: tîr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tû
- Tâi-lô: tû
- Phofsit Daibuun: duu
- IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Philippines): /tu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tî
- Tâi-lô: tî
- Phofsit Daibuun: dii
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti¹³/
- IPA (Jinjiang): /ti²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: de5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tṳ̂
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɯ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Middle Chinese: drjo
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]<r>a/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'a/
Definitions
[edit]除
- to remove; to get rid of; to exclude
- (archaic) to be assigned to a new post; to stop serving in one post, and begin serving in another
- (literary, or in compounds) except
- (arithmetic) to divide; division
- (arithmetic, informal) to be divided by
- (Cantonese) to take off (clothes or accessories); to peel off; to strip
- 除衫 [Cantonese] ― ceoi4 saam1 [Jyutping] ― to undress (literally, “to take off clothes”)
- 除鞋 [Cantonese] ― ceoi4 haai4 [Jyutping] ― to take off shoes
- 搭乘地鐵過程中,請你全程佩戴口罩,唔好除低,車廂內減少交談。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
- From: 2020, Guangzhou Metro
- daap3 sing4 dei6 tit3 gwo3 cing4 zung1, ceng2 nei5 cyun4 cing4 pui3 daai3 hau2 zaau3, m4 hou2 ceoi4 dai1, ce1 soeng1 noi6 gaam2 siu2 gaau1 taam4. [Jyutping]
- Please always wear the mask, and moderate your conversation in the whole ride.
搭乘地铁过程中,请你全程佩戴口罩,唔好除低,车厢内减少交谈。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
- (literary, or in compounds) step (on a flight of stairs)
- a surname: Chu
Usage notes
[edit]- A除以B means "A divided by B". A除B means "B divided by A", but in colloquial speech is the same as A除以B.
Synonyms
[edit]- (to remove):
- 免
- 免除 (miǎnchú)
- 刷 (colloquial)
- 削 (literary, or in compounds)
- 削除 (xuēchú)
- 去掉 (qùdiào)
- 去除 (qùchú)
- 報銷/报销 (bàoxiāo) (figurative, humorous)
- 屏除 (bǐngchú)
- 廓清 (kuòqīng)
- 打掉 (dǎdiào)
- 掃/扫
- 排解 (páijiě)
- 掃除/扫除 (sǎochú) (figurative)
- 排除 (páichú)
- 摒除 (bìngchú)
- 撤 (chè)
- 撤除 (chèchú)
- 消 (xiāo)
- 消弭 (xiāomǐ) (literary)
- 消解 (xiāojiě)
- 消釋/消释 (xiāoshì) (figurative)
- 消除 (xiāochú)
- 淘汰 (táotài)
- 清洗 (qīngxǐ) (figurative)
- 清除 (qīngchú)
- 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
- 破壞/破坏 (pòhuài)
- 破除 (pòchú)
- 祛除 (qūchú)
- 罷/罢
- 翦落 (jiǎnluò) (literary)
- 肅清/肃清 (sùqīng)
- 蕩/荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds)
- 解釋/解释 (jiěshì) (archaic)
- 解除 (jiěchú)
- 鋤/锄 (chú)
- 鏟除/铲除 (chǎnchú)
- 除去 (chúqù)
- 除忒 (Hakka)
- 除掉 (chúdiào)
- 除開/除开 (chúkāi)
- 革除 (géchú)
- 驅散/驱散 (qūsàn)
- 驅走/驱走 (qūzǒu)
- 驅除/驱除 (qūchú)
- (to take off):
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “to divide”): 乘 (chéng)
Compounds
[edit]- 七除八扣 (qīchú-bākòu)
- 乘除 (chéngchú)
- 併除/并除
- 免除 (miǎnchú)
- 切除 (qiēchú)
- 刪除/删除 (shānchú)
- 別除權/别除权
- 削除 (xuēchú)
- 剗惡除奸/刬恶除奸
- 剗草除根/刬草除根
- 剔除 (tīchú)
- 剗除/刬除 (chǎnchú)
- 剪惡除奸
- 剪草除根
- 剪除 (jiǎnchú)
- 割除 (gēchú)
- 剷除/铲除 (chǎnchú)
- 剿除 (jiǎochú)
- 加減乘除/加减乘除 (jiājiǎn chéngchú)
- 勦除/剿除
- 勾除
- 化除 (huàchú)
- 卸除 (xièchú)
- 去除 (qùchú)
- 堂除
- 大掃除/大扫除 (dàsǎochú)
- 大除夕
- 小除夕
- 屏除 (bǐngchú)
- 屋除
- 差除
- 庭除
- 廢除/废除 (fèichú)
- 復除/复除
- 成除服
- 戒除 (jièchú)
- 所除
- 手到病除
- 扣除 (kòuchú)
- 扣除額/扣除额
- 拜除
- 拔除 (báchú)
- 拆除 (chāichú)
- 挖除
- 振弱除暴
- 捐除
- 掃除/扫除 (sǎochú)
- 排除 (páichú)
- 掃除天下/扫除天下
- 排除萬難/排除万难 (páichúwànnán)
- 摘除 (zhāichú)
- 撇除 (piēchú)
- 摒除 (bìngchú)
- 撤除 (chèchú)
- 擯除/摈除 (bìnchú)
- 攘除 (rángchú)
- 整除 (zhěngchú)
- 斬草除根/斩草除根 (zhǎncǎochúgēn)
- 斷怪除妖/断怪除妖
- 斷除/断除
- 日月其除
- 服除
- 杜漸除微/杜渐除微
- 東蕩西除/东荡西除
- 根除 (gēnchú)
- 歲除/岁除
- 歸除/归除
- 消除 (xiāochú)
- 清除 (qīngchú)
- 滌除/涤除
- 灶上騷除/灶上骚除
- 為民除害/为民除害
- 為民除患/为民除患
- 真除
- 破除 (pòchú)
- 祛蠹除奸
- 祛除 (qūchú)
- 祓除
- 祛風除熱/祛风除热
- 禁姦除猾/禁奸除猾
- 糞除/粪除
- 罪以功除
- 美除
- 翦草除根
- 翦除 (jiǎnchú)
- 聽除/听除
- 脫除/脱除
- 興利除害/兴利除害
- 興利除弊/兴利除弊
- 芟除 (shānchú)
- 藥到病除/药到病除 (yàodàobìngchú)
- 蠲除
- 被除數/被除数 (bèichúshù)
- 西除東蕩/西除东荡
- 解除 (jiěchú)
- 討逆除暴/讨逆除暴
- 辟惡除患
- 退除役
- 遷除/迁除
- 鏟除/铲除 (chǎnchú)
- 開除/开除 (kāichú)
- 防弊除害
- 防除
- 除凶去害
- 除卻/除却 (chúquè)
- 除去 (chúqù)
- 除召
- 除名 (chúmíng)
- 除喪/除丧
- 除地
- 除塵/除尘
- 除夕 (chúxī)
- 除外 (chúwài)
- 除夜 (chúyè)
- 除奸
- 除孝
- 除害 (chúhài)
- 除弊
- 除役
- 除息
- 除患興利/除患兴利
- 除惡務本/除恶务本
- 除惡務盡/除恶务尽 (chú'èwùjìn)
- 除惡扶善/除恶扶善
- 除拜
- 除掉 (chúdiào)
- 除授 (chúshòu)
- 除數/除数 (chúshù)
- 除日
- 除暴
- 除暴安良 (chúbào'ānliáng)
- 除書/除书
- 除月
- 除服 (chúfú)
- 除根 (chúgēn)
- 除權/除权 (chúquán)
- 除權判決/除权判决
- 除此之外 (chúcǐzhīwài)
- 除殘去穢/除残去秽
- 除汙/除污
- 除汙去垢/除污去垢
- 除汰
- 除法 (chúfǎ)
- 除溼/除湿 (chúshī)
- 除溼機/除湿机 (chúshījī)
- 除疾遺類/除疾遗类
- 除籍 (chújí)
- 除紅捉綠/除红捉绿
- 除罪
- 除舊布新/除旧布新 (chújiùbùxīn)
- 除舊更新/除旧更新
- 除草 (chúcǎo)
- 除草劑/除草剂 (chúcǎojì)
- 除號/除号 (chúhào)
- 除蟲菊/除虫菊
- 除阻 (chúzǔ)
- 除霜 (chúshuāng)
- 除霧器/除雾器
- 除靈/除灵
- 除非 (chúfēi)
- 階除/阶除
- 革除 (géchú)
- 驅除/驱除 (qūchú)
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
- Wade–Giles: chu4
- Yale: jù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
- Palladius: чжу (čžu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chú
- Wade–Giles: chʻu2
- Yale: chú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwu
- Palladius: чу (ču)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: drjoH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*lra-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'as/
Definitions
[edit]除
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
[edit]- “除”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]除
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)←ぢよ (dyo, historical)
- Kan-on: ちょ (cho)←ちよ (tyo, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: じ (ji, Jōyō †)←ぢ (di, historical)
- Kun: のぞく (nozoku, 除く, Jōyō)、はらう (harau, 除う)、わる (waru, 除る)、よける (yokeru, 除ける)、のける (nokeru, 除ける)、つきる (tsukiru, 除きる)
Compounds
[edit]- remove
- except
- divide
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]除: Hán Việt readings: trừ[1][2][3]
除: Nôm readings: chừa[1][2][3][4], chừ[1][2][3][4], chờ[1][2][3][4], giờ[1][2][3], trừ[1][2][3], dờ[1][2], hờ[3][4], khừ[3][4], xờ[3][4], thờ[1], dơ[3]
References
[edit]Categories:
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- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ぢよ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ちょ
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ちよ
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading じ
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'yōon reading ぢ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading のぞ・く
- Japanese kanji with kun reading はら・う
- Japanese kanji with kun reading わ・る
- Japanese kanji with kun reading よ・ける
- Japanese kanji with kun reading の・ける
- Japanese kanji with kun reading つ・きる
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